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`n Ondersoek na konflik en samewerking in die internasionale distribusie van staalprodukteMuller, Stephanus Johannes Marthinus 10 September 2012 (has links)
M.Comm. / The goal of this study is to investigate the causes for conflict within the distribution channel currently used by a major manufacturer and exporter of steel products. This manufacturer is currently using six South African based agents. These agents are responsible for the marketing of the manufacturer's products in foreign markets. This channel of indirect exports was chosen due to the lack of a proper infra-structure within the export division of the manufacturer. Conflict between manufacturer and agents can cause foreign end-users to get a distorted image of the manufacturer and its products. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the causes for conflict. Plans can then be made to identify what can be done to switch a conflict situation to a situation of co-operation within the distribution channel. The first part of this study provides a theoretical framework, based on literature from many sources, on the different international distribution channels that are available. Special attention is given to indirect exports and the different forms that are available. Thereafter the causes of conflict and co-operation in the channel are discussed, as well as the different types of conflict and how to manage conflict. The second part of the study is practical, with interviews being held with the six agents to get their view on what causes conflict between them and the manufacturer. Thereafter the personnel of the manufacturer is interviewed to get their perception of the cause of conflict. The two different views are combined in order to make recommendations and conclusions regarding the causes of conflict within the distribution channel. The major cause of conflict in this channel is due to poor communication between the manufacturer and agents. This, problem can only be resolved if most of the information flow is computerised. This will ensure that 'information is reliable and on time. If this can be achieved, conflict situations can be switched to a situation of co-operation.
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Industrial development in an era of structural adjustment : the growth of export informatic services in JamaicaMullings, Beverley. January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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Use of computers and the internet to facilitate export of prefabricated housing from CanadaBilimoria, Cyrus M. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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A decision model to aid entry-mode strategy selectionSaboo, Pallabi 12 September 2009 (has links)
With the phenomenon of internationalization gaining in importance, it is crucial for companies to be aware of what the internationalization process involves. An important part of the process is selecting optimal entry modes for foreign target markets. The objective of this research has been to develop guidelines to aid in such a selection.
A theoretical decision model was first developed based on existing research literature. The literature, however, did not adequately address the influence of company objectives on the entry-mode selection process. To overcome this deficiency, the theoretical model was super-imposed with real-world data gathered via interviews with industry personnel actively involved in the entry-mode decision making process. This yielded the final decision framework. This framework approaches the selection process in three steps--1) elimination of unfeasible entry modes, 2) selection of objective and factor concordant entry modes, and 3) selection of the optimal entry mode for a given target market. / Master of Science
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Die neem van bemarkingsbesluite deur die individuele sagtevrugteprodusent in 'n gedereguleerde markomgewingKirsten, Johan Frederick 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTARCT: The Law on the Marketing of Agricultural Produce (no 47 of 1996) introduced a new era
in the marketing of deciduous fruit. Previously the producer was obliged by statute to
deliver his deciduous fruit to Unifruco, the sole agent of the Deciduous Fruit Board, for
exports to the overseas markets. In this era of statutory marketing control the producer
could only take decisions about his product up to the point where it left the farm gate.
In the deregulated marketing environment, the producer can now, however, control the
marketing of his products until it reaches the end consumer abroad.
The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors, processes, opportunities and possible
pitfalls with which the individual producer now has to contend, and to describe them
qualitatively in order to enable him to decide how he will market his products in the
environment of a deregulated market.
In order to make a decision, the producer must have a vision and goals to achieve. The
different facets in formulating these are discussed. The different decisionmaking phases
that are employed interactively, to facilitate the making of a marketing decision, are
investigated and clearly stated. These phases include the preparatory phase, the
investigation of the distribution channel, as well as that of agents, the different marketing
alternatives and eventually the actual taking of interactive marketing decisions.
It has become quite clear, through the research done, that in future, the sustainability of
every producer of deciduous fruit will be determined by his ability to make informed
marketing decisions, and to adapt to the new marketing environment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMMING: Die Wet op die Bemarking van Landbouprodukte (No 4 7 van 1996) het 'n nuwe era in
die bemarking van sagtevrugte ingelei. In die verlede was die produsent statuter verplig
om sy sagtevrugte aan Unifruco, alleenagent van die Sagtevrugteraad, te !ewer vir uitvoer
na die buiteland. Die produsent het in die era van statutere bemarkingsbeheer dus slegs
besluite ten opsigte van sy produk geneem tot waar dit die plaashek verlaat. In die
gedereguleerde bemarkingsomgewing kan die produsent egter nou self besluite neem oor
die bemarking van sy produk tot waar dit in die buiteland die hande van die
eindverbruiker bereik.
Die doel van die tesis is om die faktore, prosesse, geleenthede en moontlike slaggate
waarmee die individuele produsent nou te kampe het, te identifiseer en kwalitatief te
beskryften einde horn in staat te stel om te besluit hoe hy sy vrugte in die gedereguleerde
bemarkingsomgewing kan bemark.
Vir di.e neem van besluite is dit noodsaaklik dat 'n produsent 'n missie en doelstellings
het. Die verskillende fasette by die opstel daarvan word bespreek. Die verskillende
besluitnemingsfases wat interaktief aangewend word om die bemarkingsbesluit te neem,
word ondersoek en uitgespel. Dit sluit in die voorbereidingsfase, die ondersoek van die
distribusiekanaal, die ondersoek na agente, die verskillende bemarkingsalternatiewe en
dan die neem van die interaktiewe bemarkingsbesluite.
Uit die ondersoek is dit duidelik dat elke sagtevrugteprodusent se volhoubaarheid in die
toekoms bepaal sal word deur sy vermoe om ingeligte bemarkingsbesluite te kan neem en
dus by die nuwe sagtevrugtebemarkingsomgewing aan te pas.
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Export marketing decision-making by wood household furniture manufacturers in Malaysia and the United StatesIdrus, Roszehan Mohd 26 October 2005 (has links)
This dissertation presents export decision-making information meant to complement the array of information available to wood furniture manufacturers, relevant government agencies, and marketers. It utilizes data obtained from a literature search as well as from a national survey of 947 wood household-furniture manufacturers in the U.S. and 310 manufacturers in Malaysia. Personal interviews were also carried out to support as well as to add depth to the quantitative data.
This report includes a detailed look at the global export market opportunities for wood household furniture. For U.S. manufacturers, potential markets are its NAFTA partners - Saudi Arabia, the European Union, and the Pacific Rim countries. However, U.S. companies need to focus more on exporting and not be totally dependent on the domestic markets.
As for Malaysian manufacturers, the U.S. will remain as the largest market for their products. However, this may change with the competition that Malaysia faces with other Asian nations such as China, Indonesia, and Thailand. Furthermore, Malaysia, a tropical wood producing country, may lose its market share if U.S. consumers start to demand environmentally friendly wood furniture products. / Ph. D.
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Die mededingendheid van Suid-Afrikaanse wyn ondernemings in nuwe wêreld waardekettingsJordaan, Jacques 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The international surplus of wine and the strong Rand resulted in tremendous pressure on
wine organizations to stay relevant and profitable. The biggest challenge for South African
wine organizations are to keep a market oriented focus and manage the value chain costeffectively.
This study was undertaken to investigate the structures of value chains used
by South African export organizations as well as the way that these organizations function
in this environment.
To succeed in this goal questionnaires were sent to South African export organizations.
Information was analyzed to investigate the positioning and trading terms that were
generally used. The structure of value chains was determined as well as the participation
of export organizations in demand chains. Data was analyzed to determine if the type of
organization and the volume of export had an influence on the positioning of the
organization, trading terms and the structure of the value chain.
Most export organizations, exported less than 5 000 cases of wine each year and could be
classified as small and medium enterprises. The type of organization had an influence on
the payment terms as well as the positioning of the products in the market. The country of
import mainly influenced the structure of the value chain. Ordering systems were not
ideally suited to provide in the changing demand of consumers and a lack in the use of
information technology to manage the value chain was apparent. A significant number of
organizations were not actively involved in stimulating the consumer to buy their products.
Therefore South African wine export organizations are still highly fragmented and do not
succeed in managing the value chain as an integrated system. Improved market research
should be done before the positioning of products with the focus on profit margins instead
of price segments. Information technology should be utilized to reach higher service levels
in the value chain and contribute in exceeding the buyer's expectations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige ooraanbod van wyn op die wêreldmark, tesame met 'n sterk rand, plaas
wynprodusente onder geweldige druk om winsgewend en relevant te bly. Die grootste
uitdagings vir Suid-Afrikaanse wynondernemings is om waardekettings markgefokus te kry
en koste effektief te bestuur. Hierdie studie is onderneem om ondersoek in te stel na die
waardekettingstrukture wat gewild is by Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerondernemings en die wyse
waarop die ondernemings daarin funksioneer.
Om in hierdie doel te slaag is vraelyste na Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerondernemings gestuur.
Die inligting is verwerk om die posisionering en handelsterme wat ondernemings gebruik te
ondersoek. Die struktuur van waardekettings wat na die uitvoerbestemmings gebruik word
is bepaal asook die betrokkenheid van uitvoerondernemings by vraagkettings. Data is so
ge-orden om te bepaal of die tipe onderneming en die volume botteluitvoere 'n invloed het
op die posisionering, handelsterme en die struktuur van waardekettings.
Die meeste uitvoerondernemings voer minder as 5 000 kiste per jaar uit en kan as klein en
medium organisasies geklassifiseer word. Die tipe onderneming het 'n invloed gehad op
betalingsterme wat beding word asook op die pryssegmente waarin wyne geposisioneer
word. Die struktuur van waardekettings is hoofsaaklik beïnvloed deur die land waarheen
uitgevoer word. Bestel- en versendingsisteme word nie optimaal bestuur nie en die
aanwending van inligtingstegnologie om die waardeketting te bestuur kry nie baie aandag
nie. Heelwat ondernemings was ook nie aktief betrokke om die verbruiker te stimuleer om
sy produkte te koop nie.
Suid-Afrikaanse uitvoerondernemings is dus nog baie gefragmenteerd en slaag nie daarin
om die waardeketting as 'n geïntegreerde proses te bestuur nie. Beter marknavorsing
behoort gedoen te word wanneer wyne posisioneer word met die fokus op winsmarges
eerder as pryssegmente. Die beskibare inligtingstegnologie behoort aangewend te word
om hoër diensvlakke in die waardeketting te handhaaf en so die verbruiker se verwagtinge
te oortref.
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A transaction cost analysis of the fruit supply chain in South Africa : a case study approachFundira, Takudzwa 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The agro-food sector is swiftly moving towards an internationally interconnected
system with a large variety of complex relationships, due to year-round supply,
product differentiation and developments in information technologies, with the aim
of enhancing competitiveness. In this context, vertical linking in the agro-food
business especially, vertical coordination has gained attention.
A case study approach is used to analyse two fruit supply chains -the table grape
and citrus fruit chain. The study uses a transaction cost approach to analyse the
supply chain of the fruit industry in South Africa. Transaction cost analysis (TCA)
represents one possible approach to understanding and evaluating supply chain
management and has the potential to be combined in an interdisciplinary setting
with the insights provided by the marketing, logistics and organisational behaviour
literatures.
By means of literature study, constructs are identified that help explain the choices
made, with regard to governance structures and the sources of competitiveness of
supply chains. The question of governance structures is addressed in transaction
cost economics (TCE) where asset specificity is of major importance. The sources
of competitiveness are addressed both in the literature study and from discussions
undertaken with key industry representatives.
The empirical application of the TCE theory helped demonstrate the extent to
which the exporter has adapted to changes in the global environment. The study
revealed that for both supply chains, the role-players overcompensate to minimise
their risk. Hence vertical integration rather than outsourcing takes precedence.
Bilateral contracting and strategic alliances should be given priority to enhance
effective communication, commitment and collective decision-making. This growing
recognition of the competitive advantage that can be gained through improving
coordination in the supply chain is the starting point for SCM initiatives and, these
are important signals that in the long run will determine the sustainability and
competitiveness of the industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die landbou-voedsel sektor is vinnig besig om na 'n internasionale interafhanklike
stelsel met 'n groat verskeidenheid van ingewikkelde verhoudings te beweeg, as
gevolg van heel-jaar aanbod, produk differensiasie en ontwikkeling in tegnologie,
met die doel om meer mededingend te wees. In hierdie konteks geniet vertikale
skakelinge in die landbou-voedsel bedryf, en veral vertikale koordinasie, baie
aandag.
'n Gevalle studie benadering is gevolg om twee vrugte waardekettings te analiseer
-die tafeldruiwe en sitrus ketting. Die studie maak gebruik van 'n transaksie koste
benadering om die waardeketting van die Suid-Afrikaanse vrugte bedryf te
analiseer. Transaksie koste analiese (TKA) verteenwoordig een moontlike
benadering om waardekettingbestuur te verstaan en te evalueer. Dit het oak die
potensiaal om gekombineer te word in 'n interdissiplinere omgewing met insigte
wat deur bemarking, logistiek en organisatoriese gedrags literatuur verskaf word.
Konstruksies is met behulp van literatuur studies ge"identifiseer wat help om die
keuses wat gemaak is met betrekking tot bestuurstrukture en die bran van
mededingendheid van waardekettings. Die kwessie van bestuurstrukture word
aangespreek deur transaksie koste ekonomie (TKE) waarin bate-spesifiekheid van
groat belang is. Die bran van mededingendheid is aangespreek deur beide
literatuur te bestudeer en deur besprekings met sleutel-figure in die bedryf.
Die empiriese toepassing van die TKE teorie help om die mate waarin die
uitvoerder aangepas het tot veranderinge in die globale omgewing aan te toon. Die
studie bewys dat firmas in beide waardekettings oorkompenseer vir transaksie
koste deur vertikale integrasie in plaas van kontrakte.
Bilaterale kontrakterings en strategiese vennootskappe moet prioriteit geniet om
effektiewe kommunikasie, verpligtinge en kollektiewe besluitneming te verbeter.
Die groeiende erkenning wat gegee word aan mededingende voordeel wat gewen
kan word deur koordinasie in die waardeketting te verbeter is die begin punt vir
ketting initiatiewe en, dit is belangrike seine wat die volhoubaarheid en
mededingendheid van die bedryf in die lang termyn sal bepaal.
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The feasibility of automated traceability in fruit export chains in South AfricaOlivier, Rene 12 1900 (has links)
Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Deregulation of the South African (SA) fruit export industry in 1997 has caused
fragmentation in the supply chain, leading to significant inefficiencies. This sub-optimal
performance of the supply chain has made it difficult to respond to increasingly stringent
market requirements. One of the biggest challenges is legal and trade related traceability
requirements.
Traceability of all fruit exported to the European Union will be regulated from 1 Jan 2005 and
to the United States of America from 12 December 2003, affecting more than 80% of SA fruit
exports. Trading partners are also starting to demand certain global standards for traceability
purposes. The SA fruit export industry is not providing a sufficient level of traceability at
supply chain level and cannot afford the risk of not having an effective traceability system,
based on common procedures and standards, in case of a food safety incident.
Apart from the need to meet traceability requirements, the inefficiencies in the SA supply
chain; the cost pressure from legal and trade related traceability requirements; and the
pressure on high volume commodities (due to the general oversupply of fruit world-wide),
have created a need for additional efficiencies in the supply chain.
The consumer packaged goods industry has developed e-commerce building blocks based on
global standards that offer automated traceability of fruit exports as well as significant
benefits impacting the bottom line by ten to fifteen percent for companies of all sizes. These
building blocks are available to the SA fruit export industry and would enable the industry to
have traceability in place, as well as provide significant efficiency benefits. Further, by being
an early adopter of these building blocks, the industry would be able to achieve a strategic
advantage over its southern hemisphere competitors. Enough cohesion, willing participants
and supportive thinking seem to exist to create the critical mass for the implementation of
such an automated traceability system. The study concludes that automated traceability is
feasible for the SA fruit export industry. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Deregulering van die Suid-Afrikaanse vrugte uitvoer industrie in 1997 het fragmentering van
inligting en standaarde veroorsaak wat gelei het tot ondoeltreffendheid in die
verskaffingsketting. Die onderprestering van die verskaffingsketting maak dit moeilik vir die
industrie om te reageer op die toenemende vereistes van uitvoer markte. Een van die grootste
uitdagings is wetgewende en handelsverwante vereistes van naspoorbaarheid.
Naspoorbaarheid van alle vrugte uitvoere na die Europese Unie en die Verenigde State van
Amerika sal onderskeidelik vanaf 1 Januarie 2005 en 16 Desember 2003 gereguleer word, wat
meer as 80% van alle SA uitvoere sal beïnvloed. Handelsvennote begin ook om sekere
globale standaarde te vereis. Die SA vrugte uitvoer industrie voorsien nie 'n genoegsame vlak
van naspoorbaarheid in die verskaffingsketting nie en kan nie die risiko bekostig om, in die
geval van 'n voedselveiligheidsvoorval, nie 'n effektiewe naspoorbaarheidstelsel (gebaseer op
gemeenskaplike prosedures en standaarde) in plek te hê nie.
Afgesien van die behoefte om naspoorbaarheidvereistes na te kom, het die ondoeltreffendheid
in die SA vrugte uitvoerketting; die druk van wetgewende en handelsverwante
naspoorbaarheidkostes; en die druk op hoë volume vrugte (as gevolg van die algemene
ooraanbod van vrugte wêreldwyd); die behoefte laat ontstaan vir addisionele doeltreffendheid
in die verskaffingsketting.
Die verbruikers verpakkingsgoedere industrie het e-handel boustene ontwikkel gebaseer op
globale standaarde wat ge-outomatiseerde naspoorbaarheid, asook potensiële
doeltreffendheidsvoordele, van tien tot vyftien persent op winste, verseker vir maatskappy van
alle groottes. Die boustene is beskikbaar vir die SA vrugte uitvoer industrie en sal die
industrie in staat stelom naspoorbaarheidvereistes na te kom, asook aansienlik meer
doeltreffendheid te verseker. Verder, 'n vroeë aanvaarding van die boustene, sal die industrie
in staat stelom 'n strategiese voordeel te hê bo suidelike halfrond mededingers. Genoeg
kohesie, gewillige deelnemers, en ondersteunende denke bleik beskikbaar te wees om die
kritiese massa te bereik vir die implementering van só 'n ge-outomatiseerde
naspoorbaarheidsisteem. Die gevolgtrekking van die studie IS dat die SA vrugte uitvoer
industrie vatbaar is vir ge-outomatiseerde naspoorbaarheid.
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Guidelines for a strategic export initiative for South African wineriesBotha, Pieter Clemens 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The sharp decline in the brandy market since 1997, together with a world wide
focus towards the production and marketing of quality wines and brand
building, as driven by changing market preferences, served as a wake-up call
to South African producers to adjust their strategy to accommodate this
international trend.
Given the stagnant nature of the domestic market for high price wines in
South Africa, growth prospects through the investment in marketing and brand
building of higher price wines is very limited in South Africa, and South African
wine producers wishing to pursue growth is left with no other option but to
embark on an overseas marketing initiative.
A large amount of cellars wishing to start focusing on the marketing of their
wines outside the borders of South Africa don't possess the knowledge and
skills to tackle such an initiative. This study project aims to assist the
prospective wine exporter in the process of initiating and executing a strategic
export initiative. Specific focus is placed on the importance of the optimisation
of the total value chain. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die skerp afname in die brandewyn mark sedert 1997, tesame met 'n
wêreldwye fokus op die produksie en bemarking van kwaliteit wyne en die
bou van handelsmerke, soos gedryf deur veranderde mark voorkeure, het
gedien as bewusmaking vir Suid-Afrikaanse produsente om hul strategieë aan
te pas om hierdie internasionale tendens te akkommodeer.
Gegewe die stagnante karakter van die binnelandse mark vir hoë prys wyne
in Suid-Afrika, is groei vooruitsigte deur die belegging in bemarking en die bou
van handelsmerke van hoër prys wyne baie beperk in Suid-Afrika, en Suid-
Afrikaanse wyn produsente wat groei wil nastreef, word gelaat met geen
ander opsie as om 'n oorsese bemarkings inisiatief te onderneem nie.
'n Groot aantal kelders wat wil begin fokus op die bemarking van hul wyne
buite die grense van Suid-Afrika beskik nie oor die kennis en vaardighede om
so 'n inisiatief aan te pak nie. Hierdie studieprojek streef daarna om die
voornemende wynuitvoerder behulpsaam te wees in die proses van inisiëring
en uitvoering van 'n strategiese uitvoer inisiatief. Spesifieke fokus word
geplaas op die belangrikheid van die optimalisering van die totale
waardeketting.
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