Yes / Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how export learning capability and export environmental turbulence serve as mechanisms and boundary conditions to link export market-oriented culture to export performance. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach was undertaken to analyse longitudinal data of 249 small- and medium-sized exporting firms in Nigeria, a Sub-Saharan African economy. Findings: Four major findings emerged from the study. First, export market-oriented culture positively influences export performance. Second, possessing an export market-oriented culture results in the development of high export learning capabilities. Third, export learning capability mediates the relationship between export market-oriented culture and export performance. Fourth, increases in export environment turbulence weaken the positive effect of export learning capability on export performance. Research limitations/implications: This study does not investigate moderating effects which might affect the relationship between export market-oriented culture and export learning capability as this was beyond the scope of this study. Originality/value: This study looks at developing economy environment as a unique context to examine the direct, mediating, and moderating effects of export market-oriented culture on export performance.

The master thesis shows how important is the promotion of export for the economy of the Czech Republic in the present time of economic uncertainty and in front of such threats it now stands. I show in individual chapters of this study, that it is necessary to allow for availability of export credits for Czech exporters, because these may also help to achieve the objectives of the new Czech export strategy. Then I present methods of state aid, two Czech export agencies. And by using gravity model and subsequent analysis I show, that it is socially advantageous to support these agencie, since the positive impact of this support can also be expected as an increase in employment, GDP growth and increased income to the state budget through taxes. Furthermore, I introduce the leader to the threat posed to export financing in Europe by the regulatory requirements of the newly introduced Basel III banking regulation - not just capital requirements, but also the newly introduced leverage ratio. Econometric model empirically confirms the hypothesis, that Basel III will have a negative impact on the availability and price of export credits. On the contrary, according to the conclusions of this model I cannot assume that this regulation significantly influences the Czech export credit institutions.

As export competition becomes more intense and export success vital for survival (Katsikeas, 1994), so the effective processing and use of information regarding the international environment becomes a critical prerequisite for gaining competitive advantage (Leonidou and Theodosiou, 2004). Symbolic use of information is one type of information use, which although relatively underexplored to date, may be the most prevalent form of information use within organisations – especially in an export setting (Beyer and Trice, 1982). Symbolic use occurs when information is used for purposes other than the ones which led to its collection (Menon and Varadarajan, 1992). Symbolic use of information has been conceptualised as a multi-dimensional construct encompassing various dimensions (Vyas and Souchon, 2003). Examples include “exporters that engage in distorting market research findings, taking conclusions out of context, disclosing only the findings that confirm an executive‟s predetermined position or consciously ignoring information” (Toften and Olsen, 2004, p. 106). Symbolic use can also legitimate decisions reached on the basis of intuition or managerial assumptions (Vyas and Souchon, 2003). Although conceptual propositions of the potential relationship between each of the symbolic use dimensions and performance exist (Vyas and Souchon 2003), no empirical research has yet been undertaken. As a result, little is known about how and why symbolic use of export information may affect export performance, and under what circumstances. Furthermore, reliable and valid measures for each one of the symbolic use dimensions are absent in the literature. The purpose of this thesis is to fill in these research gaps. In so doing, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods is employed. The exploratory phase takes the form of in depth interviews with export decision makers in the UK. The data collected in this exploratory phase are analysed through the use of within-case and cross-case displays as per Miles and Huberman (1994) and are used not just for hypothesis development, but also to identify potential outcomes of using information symbolically in specific ways and to create pools of items for the development of measures of symbolic use. (Continues...).

Legal Regulation of Activities of the Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation The subject of this thesis is an analysis of regulatory instruments which affect the working of the Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation (abbreviated as EGAP in Czech). While the main point of focus are the legal instruments, non-legal tools needed to be considered as well for a full understanding of the topic. The first chapter covers the historical development of the corporation and its importance for the economy of the Czech Republic. Other institutions supporting export are also mentioned in short - the Czech Export Bank and the CzechTrade agency. In the second chapter I analyse relevant legislation of the Czech Republic and the European Union and international agreements as well. The next chapter consists of a description of insurance products in EGAP portfolio and their comparison. In the fourth chapter, I first outline the export policy of the Czech government and I follow to explain the means of financing the corporation and the capital requirements that are put on it. The topic of insurance operated on a commercial basis is covered, albeit briefly. This is handled by a subsidiary company of EGAP. The process of providing insurance with state support has been changed recently, with measures aiming to...

First part deals with different schools of economics, their characteristics and approaches towards international trade and export support. Second part deals with the system of international trade, its organization and related obligations. Third part deals with the Czech Republic, its foreign trade, history of export support and current system of export support. Fourth part deals with Germany, its foreign trade, history of export support and current system of export support. In last part is conducted comparison of both systems of export supports.

Diploma thesis describes foundation and development of state support of international trade of the Czech Republic. First chapter is contributed to importance of international trade and reasons why states should support it. Second charter characterises system of international exchange during socialism and transformation to market economy. Third chapter, describing first half years 1990s, is devoted to institutions as EGAP, CzechInvest, Czech Centres and CzechTourism. Description and evaluation of above mentioned institutions is not limited by the year 1995. It is prolonged to nowadays for complexity of provided information and convenient orientation of reader. Foundation of Czech Export Bank in 1995 and of CzechTrade agency in 1997 are mentioned in fourth charter. The most recent stage of development being after 2000 year is described in charter number five.

This thesis focuses on export policy of the Czech Republic, on the importance of export, on the institutions that provide support for exporters and instruments they use for this support. The thesis presents also Export strategy of the Czech republic for years 2006-2010 and report on fulfilment of the Strategy in year 2009.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of exporting products of company EXPRES MENU to Canada and Australia, especially from the logistical and legislative aspects. This thesis should serve as a practical guide to prepare export of products containing meat to Australia and Canada. The observations are applicable for exports of goods stored and transported in room temperature (+1 to +30 °C) and for other Czech exporters as information about legislative restrictions and requirements for import of meat and meat product to these countries.

The main focus of this work is on hedging of currency risks with special emphasis on the case of Czech export. In the first chapter, I create a motivation for further studying of the problem. I describe the state of export industries and the economy as a whole and how these aspects are connected to the exchange rates. In the second chapter, I explain how firms create their assumptions about future exchange rates. I also run a Monte Carlo analysis on historical data and come with predictions of my own. In the third chapter, I am discussing the relevance of using VaR models for estimating the maximum possible loss of funds due to unwanted moves in the exchange rate. Furthermore, I describe various instruments usable for hedging of currency exposure including forwards, options, swaps and other derivatives. In the final chapter of this work, I am asking financial and sales directors of 51 Czech firms about how currency risks influence their businesses and how they protect themselves against these threats.

The topic of the thesis is concentrated on the export policies of the Czech Republic and its governmental institutions that have implemented these policies. The thesis deals with this issue since 1918 to the present, with the focus on the last 10 years. The aim of the thesis is to compare given policies and analyze policies' impacts on Czech export. The policies are scored by chosen indicators that evaluate the effects on whole Czech economy as well.