<p>Detta examensarbetes syfte är att fördjupa våra kunskaper om ledningsrätt och alternativa upplåtelseformer för ledningar samt att undersöka hur dessa används i praktiken. Inledningsvis redovisas de olika upplåtelseformerna: servitut, ledningsrätt och olika typer av nyttjanderätter. Servitut och ledningsrätt är upplåtelseformer som är obegränsade i tid, medan nyttjanderättsupplåtelserna lägenhetsarrende, anläggningsarrende och annan nyttjanderätt är begränsade på kortare eller längre tid. Denna del avslutas med en enkel skiss över de olika formernas för- och nackdelar ur ett mark- respektive ledningsägarperspektiv. Därefter följer en del som behandlar vilka intressen som bevakas samt vilka upplåtelseformer som föredras av olika intressenter. Denna del är baserad på intervjuer med nio företrädare för olika bolag och förvaltningar med verksamhet i Göteborg. Här redovisas även en del av de avtal som finns i dagsläget. Vid intervjuerna framkom att ledningsägare är intresserade av att få långvarigt skydd till låg ersättning och därför ur den synvinkeln ser ledningsrätt som en önskvärd upplåtelseform. Denna form används dock mycket sällan inom kommunalägd mark i Göteborg då företagen vill undvika tvångsåtgärder och kommunen generellt sett är negativt inställd till att låsa upp mark genom att den belastas med rättigheter som är obegränsade i tid. Kommunen erbjuder sig istället att upprätta nyttjanderättsavtal. Hur dessa sedan utformas är en förhandlingsfråga som avgörs från fall till fall. Även om avtal i stor utsträckning har kunnat upprättas är de i samtliga fall kompromisser. I enstaka fall har inte ens avtal kunnat upprättas då parternas intressen står för långt ifrån varandra. Vår slutsats är därför att vi ser ett behov av en förändrad lagstiftning. Det saknas ett mellanting mellan nyttjanderättsavtal, helt baserade på frivillighet, och ledningsrätt som i sin nuvarande form är problematisk eftersom den ger fördelar för den ena parten på den andras bekostnad.</p> / <p>The aim of this thesis is to expand our knowledge of way-leave and other forms of tenures for conduits and to study how they are adopted in practice. By way of introduction the various forms of tenures; easement, way-leave and different types of usufructs are described. Easement and way-leave are forms of tenures not limited in time, whereas usufructs as leaseholds are limited to longer or shorter periods. This part of the thesis is concluded by a short summary describing the advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of tenure seen from the perspective of the landowner and that of the owner of the conduit. This is followed by a part showing which interests are guarded by the different parties and which form of tenure they prefer. This part is based on interviews with nine representatives from different companies and committees in Gothenburg. Some of the agreements that are in use are also described. During the interviews it became clear that the owner of the conduits main interests lie in reaching agreements that guarantee a long term legal protection at a low-cost and thus they see the advantages of way-leave. Despite this, way-leave is seldom used regarding land owned by the City of Gothenburg since the companies prefer to avoid tenure with compulsory elements. Furthermore the municipality is generally negative towards locking land by allowing rights unlimited in time. The municipality offers usufruct agreements as an alternative. How those are worked out in detail is negotiable and differs from case to case. Even though agreements are often reached they are always compromises. In some exceptional cases agreements have not been established as the parties have been too far apart. Therefore we have come to the conclusion that there is a need for new legislation. There is presently no cross between usufructs, wholly based on voluntary agreements, and way-leave which, in its present form, is problematic since it gives advantages to one on the expense of the other.</p>

Detta examensarbetes syfte är att fördjupa våra kunskaper om ledningsrätt och alternativa upplåtelseformer för ledningar samt att undersöka hur dessa används i praktiken. Inledningsvis redovisas de olika upplåtelseformerna: servitut, ledningsrätt och olika typer av nyttjanderätter. Servitut och ledningsrätt är upplåtelseformer som är obegränsade i tid, medan nyttjanderättsupplåtelserna lägenhetsarrende, anläggningsarrende och annan nyttjanderätt är begränsade på kortare eller längre tid. Denna del avslutas med en enkel skiss över de olika formernas för- och nackdelar ur ett mark- respektive ledningsägarperspektiv. Därefter följer en del som behandlar vilka intressen som bevakas samt vilka upplåtelseformer som föredras av olika intressenter. Denna del är baserad på intervjuer med nio företrädare för olika bolag och förvaltningar med verksamhet i Göteborg. Här redovisas även en del av de avtal som finns i dagsläget. Vid intervjuerna framkom att ledningsägare är intresserade av att få långvarigt skydd till låg ersättning och därför ur den synvinkeln ser ledningsrätt som en önskvärd upplåtelseform. Denna form används dock mycket sällan inom kommunalägd mark i Göteborg då företagen vill undvika tvångsåtgärder och kommunen generellt sett är negativt inställd till att låsa upp mark genom att den belastas med rättigheter som är obegränsade i tid. Kommunen erbjuder sig istället att upprätta nyttjanderättsavtal. Hur dessa sedan utformas är en förhandlingsfråga som avgörs från fall till fall. Även om avtal i stor utsträckning har kunnat upprättas är de i samtliga fall kompromisser. I enstaka fall har inte ens avtal kunnat upprättas då parternas intressen står för långt ifrån varandra. Vår slutsats är därför att vi ser ett behov av en förändrad lagstiftning. Det saknas ett mellanting mellan nyttjanderättsavtal, helt baserade på frivillighet, och ledningsrätt som i sin nuvarande form är problematisk eftersom den ger fördelar för den ena parten på den andras bekostnad. / The aim of this thesis is to expand our knowledge of way-leave and other forms of tenures for conduits and to study how they are adopted in practice. By way of introduction the various forms of tenures; easement, way-leave and different types of usufructs are described. Easement and way-leave are forms of tenures not limited in time, whereas usufructs as leaseholds are limited to longer or shorter periods. This part of the thesis is concluded by a short summary describing the advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of tenure seen from the perspective of the landowner and that of the owner of the conduit. This is followed by a part showing which interests are guarded by the different parties and which form of tenure they prefer. This part is based on interviews with nine representatives from different companies and committees in Gothenburg. Some of the agreements that are in use are also described. During the interviews it became clear that the owner of the conduits main interests lie in reaching agreements that guarantee a long term legal protection at a low-cost and thus they see the advantages of way-leave. Despite this, way-leave is seldom used regarding land owned by the City of Gothenburg since the companies prefer to avoid tenure with compulsory elements. Furthermore the municipality is generally negative towards locking land by allowing rights unlimited in time. The municipality offers usufruct agreements as an alternative. How those are worked out in detail is negotiable and differs from case to case. Even though agreements are often reached they are always compromises. In some exceptional cases agreements have not been established as the parties have been too far apart. Therefore we have come to the conclusion that there is a need for new legislation. There is presently no cross between usufructs, wholly based on voluntary agreements, and way-leave which, in its present form, is problematic since it gives advantages to one on the expense of the other.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-11-14T16:50:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francine Delfino Gomes.pdf: 48847877 bytes, checksum: ed5bc8d68c468ca38c10f6bf98fdd865 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T16:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francine Delfino Gomes.pdf: 48847877 bytes, checksum: ed5bc8d68c468ca38c10f6bf98fdd865 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-11-14T16:50:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francine Delfino Gomes.pdf: 48847877 bytes, checksum: ed5bc8d68c468ca38c10f6bf98fdd865 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T16:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francine Delfino Gomes.pdf: 48847877 bytes, checksum: ed5bc8d68c468ca38c10f6bf98fdd865 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O Ato Expropriatório pode ser conceituado como um ato administrativo, pelo qual o Poder Público adquire a propriedade de um bem para efetivação de um interesse coletivo, por intermédio de um procedimento denominado de desapropriação. O referido instrumento perdura ao longo de décadas no direito brasileiro, trazido inicialmente pelo Decreto de 21 de maio de 1821, anterior à independência do Brasil, o qual teve influências nos princípios que embasaram a Revolução Francesa. Ao longo dos anos muitas adequações legais vieram após a edição do referido dispositivo legal, eis que em 1941, houve a edição do até então vigente, Decreto-Lei 3.365, disciplinando o método de aplicação da desapropriação constitucionalmente prevista. Após a promulgação da constituição de 1988 muitos regramentos legais necessitaram de mudanças interpretativas, tendo vista a incompatibilidade com o texto maior. No caso do Decreto-Lei expropriatório a modificação interpretativa ainda não é um fato consumado, principalmente no que tange á autonomia municipal trazida pelos artigos 18, 23, 24 e 30, da Constituição Federal não compatíveis com o disposto no Artigo 2º, Parágrafo 2º, da Legislação Infraconstitucional, pois não prevê a possibilidade do ente municipal desapropriar Estado ou União. Assim como houve o reconhecimento da autonomia municipal no texto constitucional de 1988, houve também a adesão na norma constitucional da defesa do meio ambiente, a partir do contido no artigo 225 do referido texto. Tais elevações de status aos temas citados ¿ autonomia municipal e defesa do meio ambiente ¿ começam a ser aplicados com maior prioridade e mais respeitabilidade. Mais flagrante se torna a preocupação na correta aplicação dos dispositivos legais citados quando a tratativa se condensa na aplicação do Saneamento Básico para a defesa do meio ambiente, pois os projetos e as obras para implantação dessa importante proteção à saúde pública são, via de regra, de altos valores financeiros e de proporções gigantescas, ou seja, caso não haja a interpretação constitucional da autonomia municipal, não será possível desapropriar qualquer bem pertencente ao Estado ou à própria União que esteja no planejamento da efetivação do saneamento básico, contando, desta forma, o Município, apenas com a boa vontade dos demais entes federados. Sendo assim, até que haja uma efetiva mudança legal no texto da norma que cuida do tema será preciso fazer a correta interpretação da temática, visando a defesa do meio ambiente e do interesse local. / The expropriatory act can be considered as an administrative act, by which the Public Power acquires an property to do effect a collective interest, through a procedure called expropriation. The instrument is for decades in Brazilian law, began in Decree of May 21, 1821, before the independence of Brazil, which had influences on the principles that motivated the French Revolution. Over the years many legal adjustments came after the edition of this legal up until 1941, because there was the edition of Decree-Law 3.365 regulated the method of application of the constitutionally foreseen expropriation. After the promulgation of the 1988 constitution many legal regulations required interpretative changes, towards of the incompatibility with the Federal Constitution. In the case of the expropriatory Decree-Law, the interpretative modification is not yet a consummate fact, especially as regards the municipal autonomy brought by Articles 18, 23, 24 and 30 of the Federal Constitution, not compatible with the provisions of Article 2, Paragraph 2, of the Infraconstitutional Legislation, since it does not foresee the possibility of the municipal entity to expropriate state or Union. Just as there was the recognition of the municipal autonomy in the Constitutional Text of 1988, there was also the adhesion in the constitutional norm of the defense of the environment, from the contained in the article 225. Such elevations of status of the themes cited - municipal autonomy and environmental protection - begin to be applied with greater priority and more respectability. More important becomes the concern in the correct application of the legal provisions cited when speak of the Basic Sanitation for the defense of the environment, because the projects and the works for implantation of this important protection to the public health are, as a rule, of high financial values and gigantic proportions, therefore if there is no constitutional interpretation of municipal autonomy, it will not be possible to expropriate any property belonging to the State or to the Union itself that is planning the implementation of basic sanitation, the municipality, only with the good will of the other federated entities. So, until there is an effective legal change in the text of the norm that takes care of the theme will have to make the correct interpretation of the subject, aiming at the defense of the environment and the local interest.