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Los servicios aduaneros son esenciales y están destinados a facilitar el comercio exterior, a contribuir al desarrollo nacional y a velar por el control aduanero y el interés fiscal. Sin embargo, surge la siguiente interrogante: ¿Cuan facilitadores del comercio exterior podemos ser si al mismo tiempo debemos ejercer un apropiado control del tráfico de mercancías con destino a nuestro país?. La respuesta a esta interrogante es optimizar nuestros canales de control a través de una gestión de riesgos en concordancia con la realidad (económica, social y cultural) de cada puerto, aeropuerto y paso de frontera. En tal sentido, a través del presente trabajo proponemos optimizar la gestión de riesgo a fin de facilitar las actividades de comercio en el paso de frontera con el país de Bolivia, llamado DESAGUADERO, para lo cual analizaremos el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de dicha región fronteriza.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-05T23:03:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-22 / Nearly all trades among nations have been and still will be done by sea, since it is the most inexpensive way of carrying big loads to distant places. To suit this marine transportation it is necessary the existence of a harbor/port, a place where the transference of goods is accomplished. For becoming competitive in the world market, products need to have attractive prices and this demands a day-by-day cost reduction, where port expenses are included. To attend the claims of growth of its exports, the State of Ceará felt the need of building a new harbor that could serve the modern ships that demand a larger depth for mooring. Therefore, the work s main goal is to identify if the participation of the Port and Industrial Complex of Pecém in the import/export of the State configurated as an important factor in the international trade growth of the State. The analysis of location and infrastructure of the Port of Pecém was based on the general theory models of location and on the Porter's competitive advantages, verifying that its positioning is suitable, and that the services accomplished with modern technologies can enable the use of competitive prices, comparing these prices to other ones applied in international ports. As a methodology, a study of case was fulfilled, using bibliographical and documental research. It concludes that the increse in the exporting of goods, through the Port and Industrial Complex of Pecém, has turned it into an attractive and competitive port, concerning other northeastern ports, contributing to the growth of international trade in the State of Ceará. / A quase totalidade do comércio entre nações sempre se fez e continuará fazendo por via marítima, já que esta é a maneira mais econômica de levar grandes cargas a longas distâncias. Para que se concretize esse transporte marítimo, é necessária a existência de um porto, local onde se processam as transferências das mercadorias. Os produtos, para se tornarem competitivos nos mercados mundiais, necessitam de preços atrativos e, para isso, exigem, a cada dia, redução de custos, onde estão incluídas as despesas portuárias. O Estado do Ceará, para atender aos reclames de crescimento das suas exportações, sentiu a necessidade de construir um novo porto que pudesse receber navios mais modernos, precisando de uma profundidade maior para atracação. Dessa forma, o trabalho tem por objetivo identificar se a participação do Complexo Industrial e Portuário do Pecém, nas exportações e importações cearenses, tem contribuído para o crescimento do comércio exterior do Estado. A análise da localização e da infra-estrutura portuária do Porto do Pecém foi baseada nos modelos da teoria da localização e das vantagens competitivas de Porter, constatando-se que seu posicionamento é adequado e que os serviços praticados com o uso de tecnologias modernas possibilitam oferecer preços competitivos, sendo equiparados a portos internacionais. Como metodologia, utilizou-se o método do estudo de caso, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que o aumento no transporte de mercadorias pelo Complexo Portuário e Industrial do Pecém transformou-o em um porto atrativo e competitivo, em relação a outros portos nordestinos, contribuindo para o crescimento do comércio exterior do Estado do Ceará.

La presente investigación es de analizar y describir las ventas totales de las empresas del sector manufacturas diversas de la región Junín a partir de su participación en eventos de promoción comercial en el periodo 2014-2017 y compararlas con el periodo 2010-2013 a fin de identificar variaciones e interpretarlas. Tomando en cuenta la variación de ventas totales de dos periodos anuales y variables que permitieran evaluar las ventas nacionales y ventas al exterior o bien llamados exportaciones de productos del sector manufacturas diversas de la región Junín. Por ello, es de suma importancia evaluar la promoción comercial del sector, el cual, debe estar articulada hacia los compradores internacionales, y con una clara estrategia de internacionalización de los productos, permitiendo a las empresas un crecimiento competitivo y comparativo.

The masters by research project was titled Inn Housing: The Delights of the Private Sector. It was a space for exploring my practice with the development of a conceptual piece about the shifting condition of the community housing produced in inner cities. The research aim was to develop an argument that inquired into the productive meaning of the application of glass walls on the city's housing façades; being these elements that represented a mode of living unknown to my experience and that challenged the way I perceive the relation between the interior intimate and private space of the house with the public city. A confrontation with a different proposal of housing that gave me enough room to speculate about a significant change that may influence the treatment of the private-intimate space of the housing with the public realm. Since the importance acquired by the glass surface seems to encourage (or put emphasis) on the visual experience by way these hermetic façades visually link the interior space of the house with the exterior, exposing views of either one side or the other of the glass skin. Thus the central research questions raised by this research were: what might be the conception that has shaped this housing where the interior appears connected to the exterior through the glass façade? And significantly, does the visual relation with the glass potentially influences individual behaviour and therefore constitutes different modes for dwelling? The method involved in the development of my argument was primary based on a theoretical framework in conjunction with a practice: the construction of visual material that respond to the stimuli generated by the readings. Whereas the selection of theory and readings was based on the obvious need for material that could help me understand and develop certain aspects of my research, images were used to explore my own thinking responses in states of uncertainty, as these offer me a more clear access to my own thinking material once are projected outside my mind.

Architects and others choosingfacade colours using colour samples face difficulties whichprevious research has not addressed. This work aims to aid suchcolour design by exploring three main questions: 1. Is itpossible to survey and map out what colours people perceive onfacades observed under different conditions? If so, whatmethods can be used and it is possible to obtain results ofwider application? 2. How does the perceived colour of a facadevary with changing observation conditions? What is the impactof factors such as light conditions, viewing distance andsurrounding colours? 3. How does the perceived colour of thehouse, in different situations, differ from the colourcorresponding to the specification of the sample used forselection? Are there any recurring tendencies that can bepresented in a practically useful way? The work was based onabout 3600 observations of painted timber and rendered facades,made by both experienced colour researchers and "naïve"school students, with various daylighting conditions, viewingdistances and seasons. Colour specifications and discussions oncolour attributes were made within the conceptual framework ofthe Natural Colour System (NCS). Inherent colour was measuredby comparison with colour samples placed directly on the facadesurface. Six methods for determination of perceived colour weredeveloped and evaluated, along with a method for comparison ofperceived and inherent colour. A combination of all gave themost reliable results. Results showed some recurring tendenciesfor perceived colour to vary with viewing conditions, but thevariations were always smaller than the difference betweenperceived and inherent colour. Consistent variation patternsfor the difference between inherent and perceived colour werefound for both hue and nuance. Most obvious was that perceivedcolour always had less blackness than inherent colour. Possibleexplanations included differences between the outdoor viewingsituation and the standard situation where inherent colour isdefined, and the observer’s acquired sense of what colours"belong" outdoors. A fuller explanation would require furtherstudies such as of colour perception in different lightsituations, and of three dimensional context effects. Resultshave immediate applicability however; suitably illustrated andpublished, the variation patterns found could be of directpractical use in exterior colour design.

<p>Architects and others choosingfacade colours using colour samples face difficulties whichprevious research has not addressed. This work aims to aid suchcolour design by exploring three main questions: 1. Is itpossible to survey and map out what colours people perceive onfacades observed under different conditions? If so, whatmethods can be used and it is possible to obtain results ofwider application? 2. How does the perceived colour of a facadevary with changing observation conditions? What is the impactof factors such as light conditions, viewing distance andsurrounding colours? 3. How does the perceived colour of thehouse, in different situations, differ from the colourcorresponding to the specification of the sample used forselection? Are there any recurring tendencies that can bepresented in a practically useful way? The work was based onabout 3600 observations of painted timber and rendered facades,made by both experienced colour researchers and "naïve"school students, with various daylighting conditions, viewingdistances and seasons. Colour specifications and discussions oncolour attributes were made within the conceptual framework ofthe Natural Colour System (NCS). Inherent colour was measuredby comparison with colour samples placed directly on the facadesurface. Six methods for determination of perceived colour weredeveloped and evaluated, along with a method for comparison ofperceived and inherent colour. A combination of all gave themost reliable results. Results showed some recurring tendenciesfor perceived colour to vary with viewing conditions, but thevariations were always smaller than the difference betweenperceived and inherent colour. Consistent variation patternsfor the difference between inherent and perceived colour werefound for both hue and nuance. Most obvious was that perceivedcolour always had less blackness than inherent colour. Possibleexplanations included differences between the outdoor viewingsituation and the standard situation where inherent colour isdefined, and the observer’s acquired sense of what colours"belong" outdoors. A fuller explanation would require furtherstudies such as of colour perception in different lightsituations, and of three dimensional context effects. Resultshave immediate applicability however; suitably illustrated andpublished, the variation patterns found could be of directpractical use in exterior colour design.</p>

published_or_final_version / Mathematics / Master / Master of Philosophy

El BCR y Los indicadores macroeconómicos, según un área particular.

Análisis de las variaciones y los reportes de mercado.