The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of an Externship as the capstone experience of a Master's degree program in preparing seventeen teachers to be Mathematics Specialists. This formative evaluation was based on the teacher's perspective and was naturalistic in design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data sources included a teacher survey, teacher interviews, writing prompts, teacher observations, and teacher final project presentations. This evaluation was designed to answer the question: Do the teachers feel that the requirements of this Masters' Degree Externship have prepared them for their role as a Mathematics Specialist? The success and effectiveness of the Externship was tied directly to the teachers chosen school-based experiences which were designed based on a mathematics needs assessment of their schools. Teachers were found to be involved in all five of the essential components of an externship as outlined in the theoretical framework — application, collaboration, reflection, expectations, and the cohort structure. In addition, teachers were found to integrate their leadership and teaching skills through the engagement of their school colleagues in the improvement of educational experiences for all students. Overall, the teachers felt that the experiences throughout the Externship adequately prepared them for their roles of a mathematics specialist; working effectively with stakeholders; working with issues around curriculum and instruction; planning and delivering professional development; and working as leaders within their schools. / Ed. D.

Forty years after Kramer's (1974) seminal work, Reality Shock, new graduate nurses continue to have difficulty transitioning to the registered nurse (RN) role. The purpose of this phenomenological study explores the lived experience of new graduate nurses who completed a Veterans Affairs externship program in their senior year of nursing coursework and its perceived impact on their successful transition into the practice role 3-24 months following graduation. Benner's (1984) Novice-to-Expert Model, Karmer's (1974) Reality Shock Theory, and Selder's (1989) Life Transition Theory support a framework for this study. Twelve telephone interviews were conducted using van Manen's (1990) method for researching the lived experience. One overarching theme "feeling confident" and three main categories, "transitioning to the RN role," "making decisions," and "interacting with professionals," were identified from the data. Externship programs assist the student to comfortably and smoothly transition as a new graduate nurse by offering additional clinical and practice experiences. Given the complexity of today's health care environment, there is a growing need to better prepare the graduate nurse for their transition into nursing practice. Externship programs can serve this purpose.

Au Québec, le programme d’externat en soins infirmiers, permet aux étudiantes infirmières de travailler, à titre d’externes, durant l’été suivant leur 2e année d’étude. Les études portant sur les apprentissages que des étudiantes infirmières font à l’intérieur d’un programme d’externat ne reposent pas sur un cadre théorique définissant la vision de l’apprentissage des auteurs. De plus, aucune n’a fait de lien avec les compétences professionnelles. Cette étude avait pour but de décrire, selon la perception d’étudiantes universitaires québécoises, l’effet de leur participation à un programme d’externat en soins infirmiers sur le développement de leurs compétences professionnelles et s’est appuyée sur l’approche par compétences de seconde génération développée à la Faculté des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Montréal (Goudreau, Pepin, Dubois, Boyer, Larue et Legault, 2009). Les résultats obtenus reposent sur un devis descriptif qualitatif réalisé auprès de huit étudiantes infirmières universitaires. L’analyse a été réalisée selon la méthode de Miles et Huberman (2003) à partir de la transcription intégrale des entrevues. L’étude a permis d’identifier les principales compétences développées dans le cadre du programme d’externat, soit «Exercer un jugement clinique infirmier», «Collaborer dans des équipes professionnelles» et «Agir avec humanisme en accompagnant les personnes/familles/communautés dans leurs expériences de santé». Elle a également mis en évidence l’importance du développement de la confiance en soi dans l’expérience de travail des participantes. Des recommandations pour la gestion, la formation et la recherche découlent de cette étude. / In Quebec, the nursing externship program allows the nursing student to work as an extern the following summer after their second school year. The studies that focused on apprenticeship during the externship program were all realized in United States and they are not supported by any theoretical framework that explains the learning vision of the authors. In addition, these studies did not link their results with professional competencies development. The goal of this study was to describe the effect of the externship, as seen by Quebec university students, on the professional competencies development. This study was base on the second-generation competency approach. The approach was developed by the Nursing Faculty in Montreal University (Goudreau, Pepin, Dubois, Boyer, Larue et Legault, 2009). The results that were obtained rest on a descriptive qualitative study realized among a sampling of eight university nursing students. The analysis has been realized based on the integral transcripts of interviews as per the Miles & Huberman (2003) method. This study has permitted to identify the principal competencies developed during the externship program, as «Development of a nursing clinical judgment», «Collaborated within professional teams» and «Caring for patients and their families». The development of self confidence strongly shows the global perception of the nursing extern. Recommendations for management, formation and research arose from this study.

Au Québec, le programme d’externat en soins infirmiers, permet aux étudiantes infirmières de travailler, à titre d’externes, durant l’été suivant leur 2e année d’étude. Les études portant sur les apprentissages que des étudiantes infirmières font à l’intérieur d’un programme d’externat ne reposent pas sur un cadre théorique définissant la vision de l’apprentissage des auteurs. De plus, aucune n’a fait de lien avec les compétences professionnelles. Cette étude avait pour but de décrire, selon la perception d’étudiantes universitaires québécoises, l’effet de leur participation à un programme d’externat en soins infirmiers sur le développement de leurs compétences professionnelles et s’est appuyée sur l’approche par compétences de seconde génération développée à la Faculté des sciences infirmières de l’Université de Montréal (Goudreau, Pepin, Dubois, Boyer, Larue et Legault, 2009). Les résultats obtenus reposent sur un devis descriptif qualitatif réalisé auprès de huit étudiantes infirmières universitaires. L’analyse a été réalisée selon la méthode de Miles et Huberman (2003) à partir de la transcription intégrale des entrevues. L’étude a permis d’identifier les principales compétences développées dans le cadre du programme d’externat, soit «Exercer un jugement clinique infirmier», «Collaborer dans des équipes professionnelles» et «Agir avec humanisme en accompagnant les personnes/familles/communautés dans leurs expériences de santé». Elle a également mis en évidence l’importance du développement de la confiance en soi dans l’expérience de travail des participantes. Des recommandations pour la gestion, la formation et la recherche découlent de cette étude. / In Quebec, the nursing externship program allows the nursing student to work as an extern the following summer after their second school year. The studies that focused on apprenticeship during the externship program were all realized in United States and they are not supported by any theoretical framework that explains the learning vision of the authors. In addition, these studies did not link their results with professional competencies development. The goal of this study was to describe the effect of the externship, as seen by Quebec university students, on the professional competencies development. This study was base on the second-generation competency approach. The approach was developed by the Nursing Faculty in Montreal University (Goudreau, Pepin, Dubois, Boyer, Larue et Legault, 2009). The results that were obtained rest on a descriptive qualitative study realized among a sampling of eight university nursing students. The analysis has been realized based on the integral transcripts of interviews as per the Miles & Huberman (2003) method. This study has permitted to identify the principal competencies developed during the externship program, as «Development of a nursing clinical judgment», «Collaborated within professional teams» and «Caring for patients and their families». The development of self confidence strongly shows the global perception of the nursing extern. Recommendations for management, formation and research arose from this study.