This study utilized freshwater mussel shells to assess the role of mercury contamination in the North Fork Holston River, an aquatic habitat affected by extensive extirpations of mussel populations starting in the early 1970's. Mussel shells (n=366) collected from 5 sites, upstream and downstream of Saltville (where mercury was used from 1950-1972) were analyzed to test if: (1) geochemical signatures of shells record variation in mercury levels relative to the contamination source; and (2) shell taphonomy could be used to differentiated affected and unaffected sites. Analysis of 40 shells for geochemical signatures using atomic absorption spectroscopy indicated a strong longitudinal pattern. Mercury content was as follows: upstream sites had low Hg concentrations (<5 to 31ppb), shells directly below Saltville had high concentrations (23-4,637ppb), shells 18km downstream of Saltville displayed intermediate values (7-115ppb), and those 38.4km downstream were comparable to upstream sites (<10ppb). Two pre-industrial shells collected from Saltville in 1917 also yielded Hg estimates (5-6ppb) comparable with upstream estimates. The Hg content was not correlated with shell length (r=-0.3; p=0.2) or degree of taphonomic alteration (r=0.18; p=0.28). Analysis of 366 shells for taphonomic signatures indicated that shells are most heavily altered and fragmented directly downstream of Saltville. In contrast, upstream sites, inhabited by reproducing mussel populations, contain many fresh-dead shells. Taphonomic signatures can thus be used to differentiate sites with different extirpation histories. Relic mussel shells can provide useful spatial and temporal data on Hg concentrations in polluted ecosystems and offer a tool for delineating areas with unknown extirpation histories. / Master of Science

The plants of San Quintín (Baja California, Mexico) were documented through intensive fieldwork and the collection of herbarium specimens to create a checklist of species. This region is home to a diverse flora with high levels of local endemism and many rare plants. The flora documented in this study was compared to historical records from the region and shows the impact of agriculture and urbanization on the plants, including several extirpated species. A study of the perennial vegetation using a 1 km grid provides species distribution data for 140 native species, which were assessed to highlight areas of significant species richness for native, rare, and endemic taxa. Several non-native plants were also mapped to provide baseline data. Areas of conservation priority for the flora of Greater San Quintín are discussed in light of these combined findings.

Submitted by Bárbara Schneider de Figueiredo (basfigueiredo@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T18:20:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Barbara_Schneider de Figueiredo.pdf: 1207537 bytes, checksum: 37565704480c1491679314b6a17190d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-01-30T11:59:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_BS_me_fran.pdf: 1207537 bytes, checksum: 37565704480c1491679314b6a17190d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-30T11:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_BS_me_fran.pdf: 1207537 bytes, checksum: 37565704480c1491679314b6a17190d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A evangelização ocorrida no Vice-Reinado do Peru no século XVII representou o projeto empreendido pela Igreja Católica em prol da salvação das almas indígenas e da consolidação de seu poder e influência na América espanhola. A Extirpação de Idolatria, processo político-religioso que se constituiu na busca e destruição dos objetos indígenas ligados a religiosidade ameríndia, como também na supressão dos cultuadores dessas crenças, está ligada a evangelização como uma de suas formas de expressão. Visualizamos que durante o período de atuação do processo de extirpação foi comum à produção de materiais ligados as doutrinas religiosas e a sistematização de informações que pudessem guiar o projeto impulsionado pela Igreja e pelas ordens religiosas presentes no Vice-Reinado. Assim, por meio da análise dos manuais de Extirpação, Extirpación de la idolatría de los indios del Perú de 1621 do jesuíta Pablo José de Arriaga e Carta pastoral de exhortación e instruccion contra las idolatrias de los indios del arcebispado de Lima de 1649 do Arcebispo Pedro de Villagómes, escritos em benefício da evangelização, buscamos compreender, através da comparação dos discursos e da retórica da alteridade, a relação existente entre os escritos de Pablo José de Arriaga e os de Pedro de Villagomez procurando demarcar as suas diferenças e similitudes a fim de sustentarmos nossa hipótese de que as concepções religiosas de cada um fundamentou uma estrutura diferente para o processo de extirpação, modificando assim a edificação do processo de Extirpação de Idolatrias. / The evangelization of the Viceroyalty of Peru in the seventeenth century represented the project realized by the Catholic Church for the salvation of indigenous souls and the consolidation of their power and influence in Spanish America. The Extirpation of Idolatry, a political-religious process that was created in the search and destruction of indigenous objects related to Amerindian religiosity, as well as in suppressing the worshipers of these beliefs, is linked to evangelization as one of its forms of expression. We have seen that during the period of the extirpation process, it was common to produce materials linked to religious doctrines and systematization of information that could guide the project promoted by the Church and by the religious orders present in the Viceroyalty. Thus, through the analysis of the manuals of Extirpation, Extirpación de la idolatría de los indios del Perú, 1621, by the Jesuit Pablo Jose de Arriaga, and Carta pastoral de exhortación e instruccion contra las idolatrias de los indios del arcebispado de Lima of 1649 by the Archbishop Pedro de Villagomez, written for the benefit of evangelization, we seek to understand, through the comparison of the discourses and the rhetoric of alterity, the relation existing between the writings of Pablo José de Arriaga and those of Pedro de Villagomez seeking to demarcate their differences and similarities in order to support our hypothesis that the religious conceptions of each one founded a different structure for the process of extirpation, thus modifying the construction of the process of Extirpation of Idolatries.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden kognitive und psychische Veränderungen im Rahmen neurochirurgischer Interventionen bei Patienten mit erstmaligen intrakraniellen Meningeomen unter Berücksichtigung des Screening-Verfahrens MoCA® untersucht. Die prospektiv angelegte Studie wurde an einer anfallenden Patientenstichprobe (n=14) im Erhebungszeitraum 2013 – 2015 durchgeführt. Hierbei wurde umfangreich das präoperative kognitive Niveau mit zahlreichen standardisierten neuropsychologischen Testverfahren sowie auch das psychische Befinden mittels geeigneter Fragebögen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit alters- und bildungsadäquaten gesunden Kontrollen (n=14) verglichen. Im Fokus der Studie stand die Evaluation des MoCA®, eines inzwischen weithin etablierten Screenings. Die Ergebnisse zeigten neben signifikant schlechteren Leistungen der Patienten im präoperativen MoCA® und zumindest tendenziell höherer Lernleistung, schnelleren Detektions- und Umstellzeiten, kürzeren Bearbeitungszeiten und höheren Produktionsmaßen bei den Gesunden in die gleiche Richtung einer eher globalen präoperativen Leistungsminderung. In Bezug auf das psychische Befinden zeigten Patienten vor der Operation gegenüber Gesunden eine deutlich höhere Angst, und zumindest nominal eine höhere Depressivität, die jedoch statistisch ebenfalls nicht bedeutsam war. Das psychische Befinden hatte statistisch keinen bedeutsamen Einfluss auf die präoperativen Testergebnisse im MoCA®. Symptomdauer, Tumorgröße oder Lateralität des Tumors zeigten keinen statistisch relevanten Einfluss auf die präoperativen Testergebnisse im MoCA® oder auf das präoperative psychische Befinden. Der Vergleich der prä- und postoperativen Ergebnisse der Patienten ergab für den MoCA® keine statistisch bedeutsame Änderung. Das psychische Befinden der Patienten änderte sich im Verlauf des postoperativen Jahres dagegen nicht, weder in Bezug auf die Ängstlichkeit noch hinsichtlich der Depressivität. Schließlich konnte für die operationsspezifischen Variablen (Schnitt-Naht-Zeit, Resektionsausmaß) kein relevanter Einfluss auf die postoperativen kognitiven Leistungen im MoCA® bzw. auf das postoperative psychische Befinden nachgewiesen werden. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse weisen insgesamt darauf hin, dass Patienten mit erstmaligen intrakraniellen Meningeomen im präoperativen Leistungsbild durchaus schlechtere Ergebnisse erzielen als Gesunde und dass sich diese Leistungen im postoperativen Verlauf mehrheitlich zu erholen scheinen. Dies deckt sich mit den bisherigen Erkenntnissen. Schließlich bestätigt die bereits präoperativ erhöhte Schließlich bestätigt die bereits präoperativ erhöhte psychische Belastung der Patienten die bisherigen Erkenntnisse einer höheren Prävalenz von Stress, Depression, Angststörungen bzw. einer Kombination. Auch zeigt sich, dass das psychischen Befinden keinen nachweisbaren Einfluss auf das postoperative Leistungsbild zu haben scheint.:1 EINLEITUNG 2 THEORETISCHER HINTERGRUND 2.1 Hirntumoren – Ätiologie, Arten, WHO-Gradierung, Epidemiologie und Klinik 2.2 Meningeome – Ätiologie, Arten, WHO-Gradierung, Epidemiologie und Klinik 2.3 Meningeome - Diagnostik und Therapie 2.4 Allgemeine Aspekte kognitiver Diagnostik - Entwicklungen und Standards 2.5 Der MoCA® als kognitives Screening zur Verlaufskontrolle 2.6 Erkenntnisse kognitiver Diagnostik bei Hirntumoren im Allgemeinen 2.7 Erkenntnisse kognitiver Diagnostik bei Meningeomen im Speziellen 2.8 Psychisches Befinden und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Meningeomen 2.9 Zusammenfassung 2.10 Fragestellungen 2.10.1 Kognitive Leistungen vor und nach der Exstirpation 2.10.2 Psychisches Befinden vor und nach der Exstirpation 2.10.3 Einflussfaktoren auf die präoperative Situation 2.10.4 Einflussfaktoren auf die postoperative Situation 3 METHODEN 3.1 Zur Vorbereitung der Studie 3.2 Untersuchungsdesign 3.3 Fallzahlschätzung 3.4 Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien 3.5 Organisation und Rekrutierung 3.6 Stichprobe 3.7 Eingesetzte neuropsychologische Testverfahren 3.8 Eingesetzte klinisch-psychologische Fragebögen 3.9 Ablauf der Untersuchungen 3.10 Reduktion der Variablenanzahl für die Analyse 3.11 Statistische Analyse 4 ERGEBNISSE 4.1 Kognitive Leistungen vor und nach der Exstirpation 4.2 Psychisches Befinden vor und nach der Exstirpation 4.3 Einflussfaktoren auf die präoperative Situation 4.4 Einflussfaktoren auf die postoperative Situation 5 DISKUSSION 5.1 Kognitive Leistungen vor und nach der Exstirpation eines Meningeoms 5.2 Psychisches Befinden vor und nach der Exstirpation eines Meningeoms 5.3 Methodologische Würdigung 6 SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN UND AUSBLICK 7 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 7.1 Theoretischer Hintergrund 7.2 Methoden 7.3 Ergebnisse 7.4 Schlussfolgerungen

Orientador: Ana Raquel Marques da Cunha Martins Portugal. / Banca: Eliane Cristina Deckmann Fleck / Banca: Ivan Aparecido Manoel / Resumo: A investigação visa estudar as relações entre o discurso demonológico e colonização no vice-reinado do Peru de finais do século XVI e início do XVII, através dos processos de "extirpação de idolatrias" e a criação de instituições que buscavam a normatização/uniformização dos costumes, como a "casa de Santa Cruz", um cárcere para líderes religiosos considerados "feiticeiros", e o "colégio do Príncipe", uma escola para filhos da elite indígena. Ambas instituições estavam sob responsabilidade do jesuíta Pablo José de Arriaga, que também foi uma referência para as visitas de idolatrias / Abstract: The research aims to study the relations between the demonological and colonization in the Viceroyalty of Peru from the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries through the processes of "extirpation of idolatry" and the creation of institutions seeking the standardization / harmonization of customs as the "home of Santa Cruz," a prison for religious leaders viewed as "wizards" and the "colegio del Príncipe", a school for children of the indigenous elite. Both institutions were under the responsibility of the Jesuit Pablo José de Arriaga, who also was a reference to the visits of idolatry / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_mp_me_fran.pdf: 367536 bytes, checksum: 4314ec686d7fda9f3c29d16bd44ef9d9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A investigação visa estudar as relações entre o discurso demonológico e colonização no vice-reinado do Peru de finais do século XVI e início do XVII, através dos processos de “extirpação de idolatrias” e a criação de instituições que buscavam a normatização/uniformização dos costumes, como a “casa de Santa Cruz”, um cárcere para líderes religiosos considerados “feiticeiros”, e o “colégio do Príncipe”, uma escola para filhos da elite indígena. Ambas instituições estavam sob responsabilidade do jesuíta Pablo José de Arriaga, que também foi uma referência para as visitas de idolatrias / The research aims to study the relations between the demonological and colonization in the Viceroyalty of Peru from the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries through the processes of extirpation of idolatry and the creation of institutions seeking the standardization / harmonization of customs as the home of Santa Cruz, a prison for religious leaders viewed as wizards and the colegio del Príncipe, a school for children of the indigenous elite. Both institutions were under the responsibility of the Jesuit Pablo José de Arriaga, who also was a reference to the visits of idolatry

This dissertation concentrates on those factors which form the doctrine of G-dly reward and punishment. In other words, the philosophical approach amongst Jewish thinkers from the Middle Ages to the above subject, which taken together give expression to the doctrine of reward and ptmishment, or at least to the possibility of determining such a doctrine. The definition of correct behaviour is not of interest for pwposes of this dissertation, nor is human judgement of behaviour, even according to a G-dly doctrine; only the A-lmighty's judgement and implementation thereof The following points are of note. Research into the specific approach of one individual philosopher is not the aim of this dissertation, but rather a collective crystallised viewpoint according to various different Jewish philosophers, in order to reach a harmonious formation of the desir~ goal. Hence the details are also important since they assist towards the goal. The views of the philsophers are of interest and not their source, viz. from whom these views were received or by whom the philosophers were influenced, as is usually the case in research. Nevertheless, this aspect is elaborated upon in the introduction to this dissertation, in the style of the customary academic research approach. An analytical comparison is made between the opinions of various authors, taking into account the finer points of their words, as well as between the differing opinions expressed by a single author in his various writings, and conclusions are drawn, the results of which are highly significant. Besides the fact that it is not within our power to adjudicate between the views of the great Jewish thinkers, this is even more true here, due to the metaphysical nature of the subject, which makes logical, rational-realistic judgement very difficult. Nevertheless, some criteria have been established for making such a decision. In summary, this dissertation is an attempt to research many diverse opinions in the treasury of Jewish thought from the Middle Ages, and to extract those opinions from which a complete system of the doctrine of reward and punishment can be built. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Litt et Phil. (Judaica)

This dissertation concentrates on those factors which form the doctrine of G-dly reward and punishment. In other words, the philosophical approach amongst Jewish thinkers from the Middle Ages to the above subject, which taken together give expression to the doctrine of reward and ptmishment, or at least to the possibility of determining such a doctrine. The definition of correct behaviour is not of interest for pwposes of this dissertation, nor is human judgement of behaviour, even according to a G-dly doctrine; only the A-lmighty's judgement and implementation thereof The following points are of note. Research into the specific approach of one individual philosopher is not the aim of this dissertation, but rather a collective crystallised viewpoint according to various different Jewish philosophers, in order to reach a harmonious formation of the desir~ goal. Hence the details are also important since they assist towards the goal. The views of the philsophers are of interest and not their source, viz. from whom these views were received or by whom the philosophers were influenced, as is usually the case in research. Nevertheless, this aspect is elaborated upon in the introduction to this dissertation, in the style of the customary academic research approach. An analytical comparison is made between the opinions of various authors, taking into account the finer points of their words, as well as between the differing opinions expressed by a single author in his various writings, and conclusions are drawn, the results of which are highly significant. Besides the fact that it is not within our power to adjudicate between the views of the great Jewish thinkers, this is even more true here, due to the metaphysical nature of the subject, which makes logical, rational-realistic judgement very difficult. Nevertheless, some criteria have been established for making such a decision. In summary, this dissertation is an attempt to research many diverse opinions in the treasury of Jewish thought from the Middle Ages, and to extract those opinions from which a complete system of the doctrine of reward and punishment can be built. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Litt et Phil. (Judaica)