Propone la implementación de redes privadas Virtuales (VPN) con tecnología IP/MPLS en una empresa dedicada al rubro de construcción con el fin de mejorar la interconexión y comunicación entre sus sucursales que se encuentran en lugares distantes, la implementación de la tecnología IP/MPLS permitirá crear redes más flexibles y escalables es decir que permita conexiones entre sedes sin poner restricciones ni reglas para la comunicación entre ellas. También se tomará en consideración los requisitos básicos que se necesitan implementar la red Privada Virtual tales como políticas de seguridad, de acceso, de compartición de datos en tiempo real y calidad de servicio (QoS), por ello en el presente trabajo se justificara las razones que impulsaron a la implementación de esta tecnología. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

M.Comm. / Business have traditionally relied on private leased lines to link remote office together so that distant workers could share information over a Wide Area Network (WAN). However, while providing a high degree of privacy, leased lines are expensive to set up and maintain. The Internet is fast becoming a requirement for supporting business operations in the global economy. The major concern in using a public network, like the Internet, for data exchange is the lack of security. The Internet was designed to be an "open" network, accessible to anyone with low or none security consideration. Virtual Private Networks (VPN) using Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) has emerged as a relatively inexpensive way to solve this problem. The primary objective of this dissertation is to evaluate validity and accuracy issues in electronic commerce using VPN as a secure medium for data communication and transport over the Internet. The inherent control features of PPTP were mapped to data communication control objectives and the control models show how these address validity, completeness and accuracy. After analysing and evaluating the inherent control features of PPTP, the overall result is that: PPTP enables a valid communication link to be established with restricted access (validity); the PPTP communication link remains private for the full time of the connection (validity); data can be sent accurately and completely over the PPTP connection and remains accurate during transmission (accuracy); and all data sent is completely received by the receiver (accuracy). By deploying a Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol for virtual private networking, management can mitigate the risk of transmitting private company and business data over the Internet. The PPTP analysis and evaluation models developed intend to give the auditor a control framework to apply in practice. If the auditor needs to perform a data communication review and finds that a virtual private network has been established using PPTP, the control models can assist in providing knowledge and audit evidence regarding validity and accuracy issues. The auditor should however, not review PPTP in isolation. Validity and accuracy control features inherent to TCP/IP and PPP should also be considered as well as controls on higher levels, e.g. built-in application controls.

M.Comm. / This study was conducted with the intent of understanding and evaluating the commercial use and possibilities that the Internet offers, as well as the strategic approach businesses should take when commencing with electronic commerce on the Internet. The potential value of Intranets and Extranets has also been examined briefly. The Internet is a very useful mechanism for marketing as well as sales of products or services on a domestic or international basis. Various other commercial possibilities and uses exist for the Internet, as well as for its derivatives — the Intranet and Extranet. In the fiercely competitive market of today, companies research, develop and invest resources in various methods and tools in the hope to gain competitive advantage over their rivals. The Internet, Intranet and Extranet, used in isolation or conjunction, pose an extremely attractive alternative to gaining competitive advantage in a specific sector or market niche.The success of the Internet as a business tool depends directly on the overall business strategy that is driving the approach. For optimum success the main business strategy must be aligned with the Information Technology Strategy, and especially include thorough consideration as well as planning when implementing the Internet or one of its derivatives as a business tool.

Se presenta a los túneles de datos como propuesta de solución para la interconexión de sedes de una misma organización, separadas geográficamente, a través de enlaces de comunicaciones entre redes privadas soportadas en redes públicas como internet. Para la implementación de escenarios de redes de computadoras, se establecen ambientes controlados y virtualizados que se analizan a través de la captura de paquetes con un analizador de protocolos y/o con mensajes propios de aplicaciones para detección de errores o diagnóstico, con el fin de validar que los protocolos se comportan de acuerdo a como están definidos en los estándares y proponer recomendaciones para su uso práctico. En la Introducción se procede a definir el objetivo general y el alcance propuesto para el desarrollo del presente trabajo, teniendo como soporte para la implementación de servicios y aplicaciones al software libre. En el Capítulo 1 se describen y presentan conceptos básicos sobre redes de computadoras, el modelo que permite compartir recursos y servicios, así como el modelo que describe y permite clasificar los diferentes protocolos de red. Se describe el protocolo de internet (IP) y como se complementa con el protocolo de mensajes de control de internet (ICMP) como herramienta de diagnóstico o detección de fallas. Así también, se define túnel de datos y se mencionan los túneles en el alcance del presente trabajo. En el Capítulo 2 se describen herramientas para la creación y ejecución de entornos virtuales basados en User Mode Linux (UML). La ejecución de entornos virtuales se da a través de la aplicación Simtools, que ofrece varios escenarios preconfigurados utilizando Virtual Network User Mode Linux (VNUML). Se explica cómo instalar simtools y cómo funcionan sus principales comandos y archivos de configuración. Por otro lado, con varias funcionalidades añadidas al kernel de Linux, es posible proveer entornos virtuales con sus propios espacios de procesos y redes, completamente aislados, llamados contenedores. Se presenta un enfoque para construir contenedores Linux: LXC (Linux Containers). En el Capítulo 3 se implementan las topologías de red enlos entornos virtualizados y sobre estas se implementan los túneles: túnel IP en modo IP y modo GRE, túnel SSH en un entorno VNUML. Además, se implementa en la capa de enlace el túnel llamado GRETAP, en un entorno LXC. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones y recomendaciones basadas en los resultados obtenidos en las prácticas en escenarios virtuales, capturas de paquetes y mensajes de respuesta y/o diagnóstico obtenidos. / Tesis

Since the turn of the new millennium the UK construction industry has witnessed the naissance of a new paradigm known as ICT-enabled collaborative working. Advocates of this new approach believe that the adoption of ICTs will lead to better project information exchange, communications, integrated processes and therefore more efficient collaborative working. It is expected that ICT-enabled collaborative working will not only overcome the industry's many inherent problems, such as its adversarial and fragmented nature, but that it will also facilitate benefits for all involved. This supposition is based upon the recognition that its exploitation has proven successful at transforming other industries. The EngD thesis pertains to a four-year study on two methodologies currently applied under the concept of ICT-enabled collaborative working, 'Collaborative Prototyping' (CP) and the use of 'Construction Project Extranets' (CPE). The research project utilised literature reviews, case studies, project observations, active involvement, surveys, interviews and workshops to develop expertise and knowledge within the subject area. It shows that a large disparity exists between the use of a shared 3D model and the use of CPEs to promote collaborative working. Conversely, whilst CPEs have become the de facto ICT-enabled approach to seeking improvements in project efficiency (due to their potential to enhance communications, integration and collaboration) they are not being utilised effectively. This was attributed to the use of inadequate procedures that fail to provide proper consideration of all the necessary issues to ensure successful implementation, application and management of the CPE. As a result, project teams are failing to ascertain the full potential benefits offered by such collaboration tools. The research demonstrates that to overcome this, project teams require the development of an industry best-fit framework that defines proficient procedures. It highlights the main factors for inclusion within a protocol. Furthermore, it provides a simple form to promote greater awareness of the key factors that impinge on the successful application of CPE. The thesis concludes by outlining a number of recommendations for consideration by the industry, along with requirements for future work.

Orientadores: Ana Lucia N. de Camargo Harris, Regina Coelo Ruschel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T16:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monasterio_CleliaMariaCoutinhoTeixeira_M.pdf: 9835011 bytes, checksum: 447ec688bc4fb2726f30d9d859653b81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Em conseqüência da acirrada concorrência empresarial no mercado globalizado, o desenvolvimento da arquitetura promocional cresce continuamente para atender às necessidades do marketing de grandes e pequenas empresas. Atender prontamente às necessidades desses clientes tornou-se um desafio para os profissionais de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC) contratados para projetar e executar estandes em dezenas de feiras de negócio, seguindo cronogramas extremamente enxutos. São comuns os casos em que o cliente, os projetistas e os executores encontram-se dispersos geograficamente. Nesse caso, a utilização da Tecnologia de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) pode auxiliá-los nas áreas de desenvolvimento do projeto, proporcionando o compartilhamento de documentos e o trabalho simultâneo. A utilização da Word Wide Web (WWW), por meio da Internet, tem sido fundamental nesse processo, possibilitando a existência de ambientes virtuais de colaboração (extranets) que auxiliam na melhoria da qualidade dos projetos, bem como na velocidade de sua execução e no cumprimento das necessidades do cliente. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é caracterizar o projeto de estandes segundo considerações determinadas pelo marketing promocional de feiras e identificar a tecnologia utilizada como suporte neste processo quando seus agentes trabalham de forma distribuída. Para conhecer melhor esse processo, realizou-se um estudo de campo cuja pesquisa exploratória foi realizada a partir do desenvolvimento de projetos relacionados à arquitetura promocional desenvolvidos para o setor de marketing da EMBRAER, localizada em São José dos Campos ¿ SP. Nessa pesquisa analisou-se como são desenvolvidos os projetos de estandes cujos agentes encontram-se distribuídos, abrangendo dois aspectos ligados à qualidade do projeto: os conceituais e os de gerenciamento. O primeiro aspecto está relacionado à qualidade e à solução do projeto no que se refere às suas necessidades explícitas e implícitas, em que se analisam fatores importantes, conforme a fundamentação teórica apresentada: o plano de necessidades (briefing), a flexibilidade do projeto, a capacidade de reutilização, a facilidade na montagem e desmontagem e sua agilidade logística. O segundo aspecto está relacionado à comunicação e ao gerenciamento da documentação produzida durante o processo de projeto e à tecnologia utilizada para tanto. Para obtenção dos dados necessários à análise, foram aplicados questionários e formulários às empresas de AEC prestadoras de serviço de projeto e construção do setor. Como resultado, pôde-se perceber que, o trabalho desenvolvido pelas empresas pesquisadas, em sua maioria, segue o processo da engenharia tradicional e que as mesmas não direcionarem seus trabalhos de acordo com as normas para projeto e desenvolvimento. Contudo, estas empresas buscam contemplar as necessidades detectadas na pesquisa bibliográfica e o uso da TIC tem sido extremamente importante para o desenvolvimento e a validação de seus projetos. Portanto, a utilização de extranets de projeto pode contribuir favoravelmente para um maior controle da qualidade dos projetos e de seu desenvolvimento / Abstract: Due to the fierce competition between companies in a globalized market, promotional architecture has been developing steadily to meet the marketing needs of big and small companies. Meeting these clients' needs quickly and effectively has become a challenge for professionals in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industries (AEC), hired to design and build stands in tenths of trade shows a year, following extremely tight schedules. Cases where the client, the designers and the builders are geographically apart are very common. In such cases, the use of New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT) help them in project development, allowing them to share documents and work simultaneously. Utilizing the World Wide Web (WWW) through the Internet has been crucial in this process, allowing for virtual collaboration sites (extranets) to help improve the quality of the projects, as well as the speed of its execution. The main objective of this research is to characterize trade show stands according to considerations determined by trade show promotional marketing and identify the technology utilized for support in the stands building process when its stakeholders work apart. In order to better understand this process, a field study was carried out, in which the exploratory research was conducted on the development of projects related to promotional architecture for EMBRAER (Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica) marketing department, located in São José dos Campos, SP. In that study it was analyzed how the projects of stands are developed when its stakeholders are working apart, focusing on two aspects concerning project quality: conceptual and management aspects. The former relate to project quality concerning to implicit and explicit needs, in which we analyzed important factors, following the theoretical framework presented as follows: briefing, project flexibility, reutilization capabilities, ease of assembling/disassembling and logistical agility. The latter aspects concern communication and management of the paperwork generated during the execution of the project and the technology involved in it. In order to collect the data needed for analysis, questionnaires and forms were distributed to the sector¿s designing and building outsourcing AEC companies. Results indicate that, even though these companies don¿t carry out their work according to the standards for project and development, they seek to meet the needs detected in this bibliographic research. The majority of the work developed by the companies researched follows traditional engineering processes; however, results also show that the use of NICT has been playing a very important role in project development and validation. Therefore, the use of project extranets can give an important contribution to project quality control and development / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

A vast range of controls/countermeasures exists for implementing security on information systems connected to the Internet. For the practitioner attempting to implement an integrated solution between trading partners operating across the Internet, this has serious implications in respect of interoperability between the security systems of the trading partners. The problem is exacerbated by the range of specification options within each control. This research is an attempt to find a set of relevant controls and specifications towards a framework for ensuring optimal interoperability between trading partners in this context. Since a policy-based, layered approach is advocated, which allows each trading partner to address localized risks independently, no exhaustive risk analysis is attempted. The focus is on infrastructure that is simultaneously optimally secure and provides optimal interoperability. It should also be scalable, allowing for additional security controls to be added whenever deemed necessary. / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

A vast range of controls/countermeasures exists for implementing security on information systems connected to the Internet. For the practitioner attempting to implement an integrated solution between trading partners operating across the Internet, this has serious implications in respect of interoperability between the security systems of the trading partners. The problem is exacerbated by the range of specification options within each control. This research is an attempt to find a set of relevant controls and specifications towards a framework for ensuring optimal interoperability between trading partners in this context. Since a policy-based, layered approach is advocated, which allows each trading partner to address localized risks independently, no exhaustive risk analysis is attempted. The focus is on infrastructure that is simultaneously optimally secure and provides optimal interoperability. It should also be scalable, allowing for additional security controls to be added whenever deemed necessary. / Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)