Cette thèse aborde la radicalisation à travers des rencontres avec des hommes incarcérés pour association de malfaiteurs en relation avec une entreprise terroriste, que leur acte soit avéré ou non, qu’ils soient partis en Syrie ou soupçonnés de le vouloir. Les entretiens ont permis d’explorer leur parcours et les raisons de leur engagement dans l’islamisme radical. Le cadre de recherche a permis que se déploient des mouvements transférentiels donnant accès à des logiques inconscientes au-delà du discours manifeste. Ainsi, a émergé le questionnement central de cette thèse : quelle est la place de la haine dans le processus de radicalisation ? De quelle haine s’agit-il ? Qu’elle soit explicite et sociale, ou inconsciente prenant la forme d’une haine blanche souvent liée à la clinique du vide et de l’ennui, la haine est interrogée dans sa place constitutive pour le sujet, pour la société et dans son lien direct à la pulsion de mort. L’hypothèse de cette recherche est que la haine dans le processus de radicalisation se trouve en-deçà de toute ambivalence : elle peine à s’articuler à la pulsion de vie et échoue ainsi à participer à la construction subjective du sujet, qui se tourne alors vers un idéal extrémiste tout puissant. La haine vise l’être qui dans son incapacité à vivre avec elle, haït d’autant plus. Ainsi, dans son pacte avec un idéal féroce, la haine peut amener à une radicalisation, devenant pour le sujet un processus narcissisant et identitaire / This thesis aims at studying the process of radicalization through interviews with men who have been incarcerated on the charge of criminal association with the intent of committing or aiding and abetting to terrorist acts, whether they have been convicted or not, and whether they have actually been to Syria or only been suspected of planning to do so. The interviews have shone light on their personal histories and the reasons motivating their commitment to radical Islamism. The research framework has allowed for transferential displacements to occur, giving access to unconscious logics operating beyond overt discourse. The central question of this thesis has thus emerged: what part does hatred play in the process of radicalization ? What kind of hatred are we talking about ? Whether this hatred is explicit and social or unconscious, taking the form of a blank hatred often linked with the clinic of boredom and emptiness, hatred is studied as being constitutive of the subject and his society and as being directly connected with the death drive. The hypothesis of this research is that the particular hatred which operates in the process of radicalization is below any form of ambivalence: it struggles to connect with the life instinct and thus fails to take part in the subjective construction of the subject, who then turns to an all-powerful extremist ideal. Hatred targets the one who, being unable to live it, hence hates even more. Hatred can thus bond with a fierce ideal leading to radicalization, allowing the subject to build a narcissistic identity

My master thesis aim to propose a vistors observation center in abisko natural park in the north of sweden.As a center the program this building aim to provide a interesting place between to learn and exprience nordic arctic climate and astronomy for public.At same time.This building also want to exihibit the local sami culture.The building perspective considers how to integrate with the relation to landscape in a new norrland understanding of place and identity.The architectural objective is try to find balance between Big structure intervention and original nature. to create a place connect mountain and lake.while providing a space for interesting and engaging learing-envrionment.

Tardigrades are microscopic animals that can survive exposure to multiple extreme conditions. This remarkable ability makes them suitable laboratory model organisms for conducting biological to astrobiological research. Whereas tardigrade extreme-tolerance research has been focused predominantly on their ability to endure extreme desiccation, responses to other extraordinary conditions (i.e. hypergravity, pH, radiation and low temperature) remain un-described. These extreme tolerance research areas, in addition to life history traits, were documented in our studies on the eutardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini. We found that specimens tolerated extreme g-equivalent forces (i.e., 16060g) and radiation levels (i.e. 5 kGy), with decreased survivorship at increased accelerations and radiation doses. Radiation induced bystander effects (RIBEs) manifested as a threshold response, with the threshold value between 3 and 5 kGy. Extreme acidic (pH 1 and 2) and alkaline (pH 11 to 14) conditions caused death instantaneously, while exposures to pH 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10 were tolerated. Tardigrade eggs reared at 0 °C for 4 days developed relatively slowly, diminishing their biological age relative to their chronological age. Extending cold exposure (0 °C) time (days = 10, 20 and 40) decreased incubation time (days = 3, 2 and 1, respectively) at 22 °C; lengthening cold exposure time led to decreased growth in juveniles and lowered survivorship in adults, suggesting that costs are associated with increasing incubation time at 0 °C. Tolerance to hypergravity, large radiation doses and a wide-range in pH conditions support the notion that tardigrades are suitable organisms for astrobiological research, particularly in exploring parameters associated with potential transfer and habitability in extreme environments. RIBEs in adult tardigrades and the ability for tardigrade embryos to alter their ‘biological clocks’ based on exposed cold temperature duration have applications in biological research. Characterizing molecules involved in bystander signaling and response and biological clock adjustments during development could have important implications for improving biological practices such as radiotherapy and cryopreservation. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / While interest in tardigrade extreme tolerance research has increased over the last decade, many research areas continue to be underrepresented or non- existent. And, while recognized tardigrade species have been increasing steadily in number, fundamental biological details, like individual life history traits, remain unknown for most. The main objectives in this thesis therefore were to survey the life history traits for the freshwater tardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini, increase knowledge about its extreme-tolerance abilities and describe its utility in astrobiological and biological studies. Research involved tardigrade tolerance to hypergravity, pH levels and radiation exposure (and associated radiation-induced bystander effects) as well as responses to temperature changes during development. Findings reported in this dissertation provide new data about H. dujardini, thereby narrowing the information gap that currently exists in the literature for this species.

The formidable progress achieved in the research at extreme conditions led to important discoveries of many unusual and interesting physical and chemical phenomena. Materials with high compressibility were and still are of particular interest due to a significant reduction of volume which could result in unexpected changes of bonding and/or electronic properties. Among highly compressible materials simple diatomic molecules such as H2, N2, and O2 are particularly interesting because they form new types of solids at high pressure. Hydrogen, being the most abundant element in the universe, possesses simple electronic structure, therefore, the study of hydrogen systems is of special interest. In the last three decades, there were subsequently explored and described several high-pressure phases of hydrogen up to 400 GPa. However, there is still a vast area of unexplained effects, which requires further analysis. The contributed work discusses Raman experiments in a wide pressure and temperature range where rotational and lattice phonon excitations have been measured in the Raman spectrum of solid H2 and D2 at 10, 77, 150 and 300 K from 2 to 180 GPa and up to 380 GPa at 300 K. Analysis of the Raman spectra allows to model how the rotational modes change with pressure and temperature and how the mass scaling laws evolve as the density increases in both hydrogen and deuterium. Comparison of vibrational frequencies of the isotopes appears to be extremely useful for estimation of equivalent pressures for both isotopes. Nitrogen and oxygen are archetypal elements possessing unique features such as extremely strong triple bond in case of N2 and magnetic moment in O2 . Both N2 and O2 exhibit rich polymorphism, with additional phases of O2 derived from its electronic and magnetic properties. N2 /O2 mixtures (for example, 20.9% O2 and 78% N2 mixture is air that we breathe) have been studied up to 12 GPa at 300 K experimentally and explored up to 500 GPa at 0 K theoretically. In the current project, N2 /O2 molecular systems are examined at 300 K up to 150 GPa. Rich polymorphism is observed, with seven phases exhibiting drastically different Raman spectra for concentrations below 45% of O2 and a more stable area with three phases in the concentration range from 45% to 80% of oxygen at pressures above 12 GPa. Moreover, characteristic Raman spectra obtained for the mix with 25% O2 after laser heating to approximately 2000 K at 25 and 96 GPa reveals pronounced peaks indicating the potential formation of new compounds.

Climate disasters are on the rise, with devastating effects on communities around the globe. Scientists have provided evidence that severe weather events due to climate change will continue to increase in frequency and severity. Extreme weather events are often referred to as the great equalizers, disregarding the socioeconomic status and race of those affected during widespread destruction. However, the literature suggests that people of color are disproportionately exposed to and affected by climate change and extreme weather events. In this study, I examine how exposure to extreme weather events will influence climate change policy support amongst different races. I argue that people of color will support climate change policy more than white people. I run regression models using data from Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey and National Centers for Environmental Information. I do not find support for my hypothesis, but I do find that among the Black population, climate change policy support increases as respondents get older.

Canada is one of the wealthiest and most technologically advanced countries in the world. Yet, it fails to maintain an effective and comprehensive system for responding to weather-related hazards. The adverse socio-economic impacts of extreme weather are sufficiently serious to make climate change a threat to humanity. Weather events have lingering effects on peoples’ financial stability, particularly in low-income households. The goal of this thesis is to illuminate the nature of the legal, economic and social challenges posed by extreme weather. Thus, I present a comprehensive study of the Canadian institutional responses to these disasters. / Graduate

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of extreme ambient temperature on hospital emergency room (ER) visits related to mental and behavior disorders in Toronto, Canada. Methods: A time series study was conducted using health and climatic data from April 1st 2002 to March 31st 2010. Relative risks for increases in ER visits were estimated for specific mental and behavior disorders (MBD) after exposure to hot and cold temperatures while using 50th percentile of the mean temperature distribution as the reference. The non-linear nature of the exposure–outcome relationship was accounted for using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). The effects of seasonality, humidity, day of the week and outdoor air pollutants (CO2, O3, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) were also adjusted.    Results: We observed positive associations between elevated mean temperatures and hospital ER visits for MBD. For hot temperatures, significant increases in ER visits for MBD were observed after a mean temperature threshold of about 24°C. The association generally lasted about 3 to 4 lag days with the strongest effect occuring at lag 0 (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.09). Similar trends and associations were observed for specific mental illnesses such as mood, neurotic, substance abuse, and schizophrenia related disorders. Cold temperature associations were only observed for schizophrenia. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that extreme temperature poses a risk to the health and wellbeing for individuals with mental and behavior disorders. Patient management and education may need to be improved as extreme temperatures become more prevalent. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-24 14:46:14.57

Ka Cheuk Yin Timothy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Stress Test --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Extreme Value Regression --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Type II Censoring --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Test Plan --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- The Scope of the Thesis --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Extreme Value Regression Model --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Maximum Likelihood Estimation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Variance-Covariance Matrix --- p.9 / Chapter 3 --- Optimality Criteria and Allocation Methods --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Optimality Criteria --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3 --- Allocation Methods --- p.17 / Chapter 4 --- Asymptotic Results --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2 --- Asymptotic Variance-Covariance Matrix --- p.22 / Chapter 4.3 --- Optimality Criteria --- p.29 / Chapter 5 --- Optimal Allocations --- p.32 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2 --- Allocation for small sample size --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 2-stress-level case --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 4-stress-level case --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Suggested Optimal Allocation --- p.39 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Comparison with the complete sample case --- p.43 / Chapter 5.3 --- Asymptotic Allocations --- p.44 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Further Research --- p.50 / Bibliography --- p.52

This component of the Conservation Innovation Grants Summer Burning project evaluates the economic feasibility of using prescribed fire that exceeds the current Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) technical standards as a rangeland restoration practice on privately owned land in Texas. This study has four objectives: (1) Evaluate the economic effectiveness of using prescribed extreme burns as a rangeland restoration tool compared to other rangeland restoration strategies. (2) Provide economic research results that will facilitate a review of the technical standards, specification, and potential policy changes by the NRCS with respect to the use of prescribed extreme burning. (3) Assess economic effects of extreme fire when used in combination with other treatment practices over a 20 year planning horizon. (4) Through modeling, forecasting, and simulation assess the risk associated with the use of extreme prescribed fire, with respect to weather (rainfall) conditions. The research covers four contiguous counties in each of three eco-regions in Texas: Rolling Plains, Edwards Plateau, and the South Texas Plains. Focus group meetings with landowners and NRCS/Extension personnel were held in each region to obtain preliminary information including common rangeland uses, most problematic invasive brush species, and the most commonly used treatment methods and associated costs. The primary invasive species in each region include: Rolling Plains – Prickly Pear (Opuntia phaecantha); Edwards Plateau – Redberry and Ashe Juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchh. And J. pinchotii Sudw., respectively); South Texas Plains – Huisache (Acacia smallii Isely). Mesquite (Prosopis glandulsa Torr.) was identified as a common invasive brush species across all three regions. When extreme fire was compared to the most commonly used invasive brush treatments, assuming the treatment was instituted in year one, it was economically superior in all cases and feasible (Net Present Value > 0 and Benefit/Cost Ratio >1) in all but two cases. The inclusion of forecasted rainfall figures with the combination of using the most commonly used brush treatment with extreme fire proved to substantially reduce the risk of instituting the treatment regimes. The probability distribution of NPVs was significantly smaller when treatment practices were spread over ten years and parcels than when treatment was restricted to the first year and whole ranch.

This component of the Conservation Innovation Grants Summer Burning project evaluates the economic feasibility of using prescribed fire that exceeds the current Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) technical standards as a rangeland restoration practice on privately owned land in Texas. This study has four objectives: (1) Evaluate the economic effectiveness of using prescribed extreme burns as a rangeland restoration tool compared to other rangeland restoration strategies. (2) Provide economic research results that will facilitate a review of the technical standards, specification, and potential policy changes by the NRCS with respect to the use of prescribed extreme burning. (3) Assess economic effects of extreme fire when used in combination with other treatment practices over a 20 year planning horizon. (4) Through modeling, forecasting, and simulation assess the risk associated with the use of extreme prescribed fire, with respect to weather (rainfall) conditions. The research covers four contiguous counties in each of three eco-regions in Texas: Rolling Plains, Edwards Plateau, and the South Texas Plains. Focus group meetings with landowners and NRCS/Extension personnel were held in each region to obtain preliminary information including common rangeland uses, most problematic invasive brush species, and the most commonly used treatment methods and associated costs. The primary invasive species in each region include: Rolling Plains – Prickly Pear (Opuntia phaecantha); Edwards Plateau – Redberry and Ashe Juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchh. And J. pinchotii Sudw., respectively); South Texas Plains – Huisache (Acacia smallii Isely). Mesquite (Prosopis glandulsa Torr.) was identified as a common invasive brush species across all three regions. When extreme fire was compared to the most commonly used invasive brush treatments, assuming the treatment was instituted in year one, it was economically superior in all cases and feasible (Net Present Value > 0 and Benefit/Cost Ratio >1) in all but two cases. The inclusion of forecasted rainfall figures with the combination of using the most commonly used brush treatment with extreme fire proved to substantially reduce the risk of instituting the treatment regimes. The probability distribution of NPVs was significantly smaller when treatment practices were spread over ten years and parcels than when treatment was restricted to the first year and whole ranch.