Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2009. / Härtill 5 uppsatser. "Based on joint research training between SLU and Makerere University"

The occurrence of coccidiosis is an enormous problem of pheasant farming. The aim of this study is to show, that this disease can be cured by unconventional dietary supplements. Dietary supplements which were used in this study were as follows: prebiotics (Ascophyllum nodosum), probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum), homeopathics, Sulfacox and scrap from the seed by Vitis vinifera. The experiment took place in the Ranč Daniela farm in the town Hůrka (close to the Horní Planá Town) from 26.7.2014 to 5.10.2014. Six groups of pheasants were made - three experimental groups and one control group. All groups were consisted of 15 individuals. The pheasant Phasianus colchicus was used in this experiment. Dietary supplements were served for two weeks, than the serving stopped for two weeks and continued again. The samples of excrements were tested all the study long using the floatation method in Sheather's sugar solution. The results were marked and evaluated. The favourable effect of Ascophyllum nodosum, homeopatics and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal tract of pheasant was significant.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Civil Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Penisula University of Technology / Agriculture in rural communities of South Africa is negatively affected by the poor quality of soils with low fertility. With limited financial resources, non-commercial farmers are not able to purchase chemical fertilizers or other products necessary for plant production. Alternatives such as composting of human excreta and animal manure have found favour in many regions of the world for improving soil fertility for sustainable crop production. Human faeces contain nutrients and have potential to be used as fertilizer in agriculture. Faeces should not be regarded as waste, but rather as a product that can be used for the provision of an affordable agricultural fertilizer. The MobiSan facility is a urine diversion toilet installed at Pooke se bos informal settlement, where the disposal of waste is difficult for number of reasons such as lack of space, inadequate infrastructure and no access roads. However, the lack of safe disposal of desiccated human faeces from MobiSan facility has created a detrimental effect within the settlement that lead to unwanted conditions. The alternative means of reducing the pollution loads within the settlement areas is to look at localized on-site treatment of composting methods that can treat desiccated human faeces from MobiSan facility to meet standards for agricultural applications. Faeces can be treated and stored under controlled process called composting to enhance the nutrients value for plant production. Without composting, human faeces usually have a low initial fertilizing value. Analysis of the studies done in Uganda showed an enhancement of the composted faeces-to-food waste from 78-litre reactors attained 19% N, 34% P and 28% K; and also E. coli and total coliforms were found lower than the detected value with high temperatures exceeding 50°C and pH (4.5-8.7). Given the initial low fertilizing value of human faeces, further treatment method is required to make it suitable for agricultural use. Several methods are used to enhance the fertilizing of human excreta, amongst these is the composting. In this line, three composting methods, namely Co-composting, Skyloo-composting and Bio-process composting were piloted with great importance in the settlement for reasons such as: Low O&M costs, Use of locally available materials, and no energy needed to treat human faeces…The application of the three composting methods could provide the community within the settlement with work opportunities and also improving soil fertility using locally-available fertilizers. The initial characteristics of desiccated human faeces from the MobiSan facility were determined by sampling and testing quality parameters namely pH, Oxygen, temperature, moisture content, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Faecal coliform and E. coli. The initial results of desiccated human faeces from the MobiSan facility showed a low fertilizing value when compared to previous literature, with values of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium being respectively 4.7%, 3.4% and 1.5%, while those of E-Coli and Faecal coliform being 5.9x103cfu/g and 7.8x103cfu/g respectively. Results on the composted faeces using the Co-composting method were as follows: Nitrogen: 22.2%, Phosphorus: 25.4%, Potassium: 31.1%. Skyloo composting method results were found with Nitrogen: 16.2%, Phosphorus: 19.6%, Potassium: 15.2% and results obtained from Bio-process composting method were: Nitrogen: 25.3%, Phosphorus: 28.6%, Potassium: 33.2%. Results of the study showed that the three composting methods were suitable for treating human faeces from the MobiSan facility. Results indicate that the enhanced fertilizing value and reduction of pathogens in composting process could make the compost safe for agricultural application. Bio-process composting was found to be the most suitable method as it enhanced the fertilizing value of desiccated faeces to 83% N; 88% P and 95% K. The composting process also significantly reduced the concentration of E.coli and Faecal coliforms. Results of this study intended to address the issue for the disposal of desiccated human faeces from MobiSan by assessing the potential of composting in enhancing the fertilizing value of human faeces for agricultural application. Results provided also an understanding of the fertilizing value of human faeces and assisted subsistence farmers (small scale) with valuable knowledge of the fertilizing value of desiccated human faeces from Mobisan and the potential of composting in enhancing it for safe use in agriculture.

The Hull Street Integrated Housing Project, in Kimberley, is one of the projects supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida, in South Africa. The vision of the project is to provide low cost housing for the people of Kimberley. As a way of ensuring sustainability, the project adopts the Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) approach where urine and faeces are separated from the source. The concept of Ecosan is new to many people around the world. To make the concept workable and acceptable effective implementation strategies are required. At the Hull Street, after the first of the four phases 144 unit houses have been completed all fitted with the UDS. Urine from the UDS as well as the greywater from the kitchen and bathroom are connected to infiltrate into the ground. This arrangement is called the “quick-fix”. The faeces from the houses are sent to the compost yard for composting so that the residents could use the compost in their gardens. This study which involves interview with some selected workers and residents in Hull Street focuses on the modus operandi of the Ecosan unit of the Hull Street project with special emphasis on the methods of human excreta disposal and education strategies.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo isolar e identificar os microrganismos aeróbicos e a frequência de isolamento de Escherichia coli patogênica ao homem em fezes de cães sem sintomas de colibacilose e assim averiguar a participação do cão como fonte de infeção de colibacilose humana. No período de setembro de 2002 a outubro de 2004, foram coletadas 220 amostras de fezes de animais capturados pelos CCZ de Guarulhos, Cotia e Barueri, cidades do Estado de São Paulo. O método de coleta foi através de swabs estéreis profundamente ao intestino dos animais anestesiados, mantidos sob refrigeração e em caldo BHI. As bactérias foram isoladas por semeadura em Mac Conkey, ágar sangue e Sabouraud. Houve crescimento de microrganismos em 100% delas. Foram isolados os seguintes microrganismos: 120 (54,54%) estirpes de E. coli em cultura pura e 76 (34,54%) estirpes em associação com outros agentes, Proteus mirabilis (2,27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2,27%), dentre outros microrganismos. Deve-se ressaltar ainda o isolamento de leveduras (Candida albicans) em associação com outros agentes a partir de 05 (2,27%) amostras de swabs retais. Uma vez isoladas, seus genes de virulência foram detectados por PCR. De um total de 196 estirpes de E. coli isoladas, 123 (62,75%) apresentaram um ou mais dos fatores de virulência estudados. Dessas 196 estirpes, 16 (8,16%) foram positivas para afa, 54 (27,55%) foram positivas para sfa, 38 (19,38%) foram positivas para pap, 66 (33,67%) foram positivas para aer, 31 (15,81%) foram positivas para cnf, 13 (6,63%) foram positivas para hly, 01(0,51%) foi positiva para VT2 e nenhuma das linhagens foi positiva para LT, STa e STb. Os cães aparentemente sadios, sem sintomas de colibacilose, poderiam estar participando da cadeia epidemiológica como reservatórios de E. coli uropatogênica ao homem, pois os genes encontrados com maior número foram aer, sfa e pap presentes em infecções extraintestinais, mais especificamente infecções urinárias. Os cães podem participar como reservatório de estirpes de E. coli resistentes a antimicrobianos. Das amostras de E. coli testadas, 85,64% apresentaram resistência à Cefalotina e 0% de resistência à Norfloxacina. Há a necessidade de mais pesquisas sobre o modo de transmissão das E. coli patogênicas entre o cão e o homem e dos fatores de virulência uropatogênicos encontrados com maior frequência tais como aer, sfa e pap. / The objective of the present study was to isolate and identify aerobic microorganisms and the isolation frequency of E. coli pathogenic to man in faeces of dogs without colibacillosis symptoms and thus to verify the participation of dog as a source of human colibacillosis infection. In the period between September 2002 to October 2004, 220 samples of faeces were collected from animals captured by the CCZ of Guarulhos, Cotia and Barueri, cities in the São Paulo state. The collection method used was barren swabs deeply to the intestine of anesthetized animals, which were kept under refrigeration and in a BHI broth. The bacteria were isolated through sowing in Mac Conkey, agar blood and Sabouraud. In 100% of them there was microorganism growth. The following microorganisms were isolated: 120 (54.54%) E. coli lineages in pure culture and 76 (34.54% lineages in association with other agents, Proteus mirabilis (2,27%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.27%,) amongst other microorganisms. The isolation of yeasts (Candida Albicans) in association with other agents from 05 (2.27%) rectal samples swabs must be emphasized. Once isolated virulence genes were detected by PCR. Of a total of 196 isolated lineages of E.coli, 123 (62.75%) presented one or more of the studied virulence factors. Of these 196 lineages, 16 (8.16%) were positive for afa, 54 (27.55%) positive for sfa, 38 (19.38%) positive for pap, 66 (33.67%) positive for aer, 31 (15.81%) positive for caf, 13 (6.63%) positive for hly, 01 (0.51%) positive for VT2 and none of the lineages were positive for LT, Sta and STb. Apparently healthy dogs, without colibacillosis symptoms could be participating in the epidemiological chain as an E. coli reservoir uropathogenic to man, as the genes found with high frequency were aer, sfa and pap present in extraintestinal infections, more specifically urinary infections. The dogs can participate as a reservior of E. coli lineages resistant to antimicrobials. Of the E. coli samples tested, 85,64% presented resistance to Cefalotina and 0% resistance to Norfloxacina. More research is needed on how the transmission of pathogenic E. coli between the dog and man happens and also on the uropathogenic virulence factors found more frequently, such as aer, sfa and pap.

In the winter 2015/2016, about 700 reindeer were winter grazing on the islands of Holmöarna. Since the islands had not been used for reindeer grazing for more than 100 years, this is a unique opportunity to study how reindeer influence the vegetation that has developed in the absence of reindeer. Moreover, it also means that all reindeer faeces depositions and grazing damages originate from the last year. Most of the reindeer grazing occurred on Ängesön and Grossgrunden, at least during winter, due to lichen rich habitats. To investigate which habitats were available for reindeer, the abundance of these habitats and which resources they provide, 239 randomly selected study sites were investigated. To find out reindeer utilization of resources and impact on vegetation, all faecal droppings from reindeer were counted. Also, lichen height, lichen cover, lichen volume, grazing damages of lichens and vegetation, trampling, and digging, were recorded at every study site. Old-grown spruce forest was the most abundant habitat, providing reindeer with ground lichens, bilberries and epiphytic lichens. Pine forest, rich in ground lichens, was the most preferred and used habitat based on lichen cover and lichen volume, lichen damage and trampling. NMSD ordination confirmed a strong relationship between lichen height and lichen cover, i.e. lichens were heavily grazed in every habitat where lichens were recorded. Reindeer depositions of dungs and pellets were found in all habitats, but were most abundant in spruce forest with ground lichens. Strong relationships between lichen damages, digging signs and reindeer pellets confirmed more activities where lichens were abundant. Grazing of bilberry shoots and trampling, both indications of summer activities by reindeer, were also closely associated, indicating that bilberry shoots was an important food resource in summer on these islands. In the light of my result, the islands of Holmöarna have good provision for reindeer, in winter by richness of ground lichens in pine forest and old spruce forest, and summer primarily by bilberries in old grown spruce forest, mixed forest and pine forest with Vaccinium ssp. Although almost all suitable habitats show signs of reindeer activities after only one year, there is still abundant winter and summer food resources available for future grazing. There is thus plenty of resources available for reindeer on the islands of Holmöarna and reindeer are able to utilize them. If they are suitable to use for reindeer grazing in the future is thus more dependent on logistic problems like difficulties in transporting the reindeer from mainland to the islands.

The thesis gives a comprehensive picture of Werner Schwab, Austrian playwright and performer. He ranked among the most performed German-speaking authors at the time of his death in 1994. The main objective of this work, whose basis lies in Schwab's dramatic production, is to provide a comprehensive monographic study. The thesis deals not only with the dramas, but also with their relationship to the theatrical production of Thomas Bernhard and Elfriede Jelinek. The chapter on the author's personal life is followed by chapters "Postdramatic Theatre", "Theatre of Cruelty", and "Folk Play", where you can find the answer to the question of the place of Schwab's drama in the overall concept of literature at the end of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the unique language usage he developed, called "Schwabisch" after the author.