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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Reward-based Algorithm for Hyperparameter Optimization of Neural Networks / En Belöningsbaserad Algoritm för Hyperparameteroptimering av Neurala Nätverk

Larsson, Olov January 2020 (has links)
Machine learning and its wide range of applications is becoming increasingly prevalent in both academia and industry. This thesis will focus on the two machine learning methods convolutional neural networks and reinforcement learning. Convolutional neural networks has seen great success in various applications for both classification and regression problems in a diverse range of fields, e.g. vision for self-driving cars or facial recognition. These networks are built on a set of trainable weights optimized on data, and a set of hyperparameters set by the designer of the network which will remain constant. For the network to perform well, the hyperparameters have to be optimized separately. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the use of reinforcement learning as a method for optimizing hyperparameters in convolutional neural networks built for classification problems. The reinforcement learning methods used are a tabular Q-learning and a new Q-learning inspired algorithm denominated max-table. These algorithms have been tested with different exploration policies based on each hyperparameter value’s covariance, precision or relevance to the performance metric. The reinforcement learning algorithms were mostly tested on the datasets CIFAR10 and MNIST fashion against a baseline set by random search. While the Q-learning algorithm was not able to perform better than random search, max-table was able to perform better than random search in 50% of the time on both datasets. Hyperparameterbased exploration policy using covariance and relevance were shown to decrease the optimizers’ performance. No significant difference was found between a hyperparameter based exploration policy using performance and an equally distributed exploration policy. / Maskininlärning och dess många tillämpningsområden blir vanligare i både akademin och industrin. Den här uppsatsen fokuserar på två maskininlärningsmetoder, faltande neurala nätverk och förstärkningsinlärning. Faltande neurala nätverk har sett stora framgångar inom olika applikationsområden både för klassifieringsproblem och regressionsproblem inom diverse fält, t.ex. syn för självkörande bilar eller ansiktsigenkänning. Dessa nätverk är uppbyggda på en uppsättning av tränbara parameterar men optimeras på data, samt en uppsättning hyperparameterar bestämda av designern och som hålls konstanta vilka behöver optimeras separat för att nätverket ska prestera bra. Målet med denna uppsats är att utforska användandet av förstärkningsinlärning som en metod för att optimera hyperparameterar i faltande neurala nätverk gjorda för klassifieringsproblem. De förstärkningsinlärningsmetoder som använts är en tabellarisk "Q-learning" samt en ny "Q-learning" inspirerad metod benämnd "max-table". Dessa algoritmer har testats med olika handlingsmetoder för utforskning baserade på hyperparameterarnas värdens kovarians, precision eller relevans gentemot utvärderingsmetriken. Förstärkningsinlärningsalgoritmerna var i största del testade på dataseten CIFAR10 och MNIST fashion och jämförda mot en baslinje satt av en slumpmässig sökning. Medan "Q-learning"-algoritmen inte kunde visas prestera bättre än den slumpmässiga sökningen, kunde "max-table" prestera bättre på 50\% av tiden på både dataseten. De handlingsmetoder för utforskning som var baserade på kovarians eller relevans visades minska algoritmens prestanda. Ingen signifikant skillnad kunde påvisas mellan en handlingsmetod baserad på hyperparametrarnas precision och en jämnt fördelad handlingsmetod för utforsking.
2

Hyperparameter optimisation using Q-learning based algorithms / Hyperparameteroptimering med hjälp av Q-learning-baserade algoritmer

Karlsson, Daniel January 2020 (has links)
Machine learning algorithms have many applications, both for academic and industrial purposes. Examples of applications are classification of diffraction patterns in materials science and classification of properties in chemical compounds within the pharmaceutical industry. For these algorithms to be successful they need to be optimised,  part of this is achieved by training the algorithm, but there are components of the algorithms that cannot be trained. These hyperparameters have to be tuned separately. The focus of this work was optimisation of hyperparameters in classification algorithms based on convolutional neural networks. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibility of using reinforcement learning algorithms, primarily Q-learning, as the optimising algorithm.  Three different algorithms were investigated, Q-learning, double Q-learning and a Q-learning inspired algorithm, which was designed during this work. The algorithms were evaluated on different problems and compared to a random search algorithm, which is one of the most common optimisation tools for this type of problem. All three algorithms were capable of some learning, however the Q-learning inspired algorithm was the only one to outperform the random search algorithm on the test problems.  Further, an iterative scheme of the Q-learning inspired algorithm was implemented, where the algorithm was allowed to refine the search space available to it. This showed further improvements of the algorithms performance and the results indicate that similar performance to the random search may be achieved in a shorter period of time, sometimes reducing the computational time by up to 40%. / Maskininlärningsalgoritmer har många tillämpningsområden, både akademiska och inom industrin. Exempel på tillämpningar är, klassificering av diffraktionsmönster inom materialvetenskap och klassificering av egenskaper hos kemiska sammansättningar inom läkemedelsindustrin. För att dessa algoritmer ska prestera bra behöver de optimeras. En del av optimering sker vid träning av algoritmerna, men det finns komponenter som inte kan tränas. Dessa hyperparametrar måste justeras separat. Fokuset för det här arbetet var optimering av hyperparametrar till klassificeringsalgoritmer baserade på faltande neurala nätverk. Syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka möjligheterna att använda förstärkningsinlärningsalgoritmer, främst ''Q-learning'', som den optimerande algoritmen.  Tre olika algoritmer undersöktes, ''Q-learning'', dubbel ''Q-learning'' samt en algoritm inspirerad av ''Q-learning'', denna utvecklades under arbetets gång. Algoritmerna utvärderades på olika testproblem och jämfördes mot resultat uppnådda med en slumpmässig sökning av hyperparameterrymden, vilket är en av de vanligare metoderna för att optimera den här typen av algoritmer. Alla tre algoritmer påvisade någon form av inlärning, men endast den ''Q-learning'' inspirerade algoritmen presterade bättre än den slumpmässiga sökningen.  En iterativ implemetation av den ''Q-learning'' inspirerade algoritmen utvecklades också. Den iterativa metoden tillät den tillgängliga hyperparameterrymden att förfinas mellan varje iteration. Detta medförde ytterligare förbättringar av resultaten som indikerade att beräkningstiden i vissa fall kunde minskas med upp till 40% jämfört med den slumpmässiga sökningen med bibehållet eller förbättrat resultat.
3

Automatic identification of northern pike (Exos Lucius) with convolutional neural networks

Lavenius, Axel January 2020 (has links)
The population of northern pike in the Baltic sea has seen a drasticdecrease in numbers in the last couple of decades. The reasons for this are believed to be many, but the majority of them are most likely anthropogenic. Today, many measures are being taken to prevent further decline of pike populations, ranging from nutrient runoff control to habitat restoration. This inevitably gives rise to the problem addressed in this project, namely: how can we best monitor pike populations so that it is possible to accurately assess and verify the effects of these measures over the coming decades? Pike is currently monitored in Sweden by employing expensive and ineffective manual methods of individual marking of pike by a handful of experts. This project provides evidence that such methods could be replaced by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), an automatic artificial intelligence system, which can be taught how to identify pike individuals based on their unique patterns. A neural net simulates the functions of neurons in the human brain, which allows it to perform a range of tasks, while a CNN is a neural net specialized for this type of visual recognition task. The results show that the CNN trained in this project can identify pike individuals in the provided data set with upwards of 90% accuracy, with much potential for improvement.

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