This study aimed to examine farmers’ descriptions of their experiences of cultivating Bt cotton and to see whether or not the farmers’ descriptions of their experiences are in coherence with the purposes with Bt cotton. This was carried out through qualitative semi-structured interviews with Bt cotton farmers in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, and a qualitative content analysis of the farmers’ descriptions. Our conclusions are among other, that the experiences of the farmers are various. Some farmers have experienced what Bt cotton was aimed to lead to; higher yields and reduced use of pesticides while other farmers have experienced the opposite.