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I SKAFFERIET integrerar man forskning och produktion av VERTIKAL ODLING med SAMLINGSPLATSER för folket i SORUNDA. Anställda forskar om och håller utbildningar kring hur man effektivast kan odla HYDROPONISKT. Huset kan ses som en MASKIN där utformningen baserats på att MAXIMERA FÖRUTSÄTTNINGARNA för vertikal odling.  Huset är uppdelat i två delar. Ena delen är glasad och där sker den vertikala odlingen. Den andra delen är klädd i SOLPANELER och där finns samlingsplatserna. Odlingen är separerad från övriga huset av HYGIENSKÄL. Tanken är att plantorna ska få SOLLJUS från söder, och vid behov finns UV-LAMPOR under vintern eller vid behov.  Näringslösningen som växterna står i kommer från biomassa, vilken i sin tur kommer från restprodukter vid jordbruket i området.Växterna står i en NÄRINGSLÖSNING bestående av REGNVATTEN, som samlas från taket till en vattentank i huset, samt av BIOMASSA som kommer från spillprodukter från jordbruket i Sorunda.  Varorna som produceras kommer att gå direkt till den LOKALA COOP samt de två LOKALA RESTAURANGERNA som idag ännu inte använder några lokala matvaror. / In Skafferiet they integrate research and production of vertical farming with gathering places for the people living in Sorunda. Employees research about vertical farming and hold courses about how to grow fruits and vegetables hydroponically in the most efficient way. The house is divided into two parts. The first part has a glass facade and that is where the vertical farming takes place. The second part has a sunpanel facade and inside is where the gathering rooms are. The two parts are divided because of hygiene reasons since the crops are being sold in the supermarket, in the bottom floor and in the two local restaurants in Sorunda which today do not sell any locally produced products.  The idea is that the crops get sunlight from the south and during night and winter there are UV-lamps to cover the plants´ needs. The crops stand in a nutrient solution of rain water, that is being collected from the roof into water tanks, and of biomass from waste products from Sorunda agriculture.

Zbrojovka factory is located near to the historical center of the city quarter of Zabrdovice Near to the area are situated listed buildings, major streets and riverbank of Svitavy . The area is a vast , once very significant and outstanding factory premises. Unfortunately today it became percieved only as extensive . Therefore it can happen to be livable again. In my work I have focused mainly on the revitalization of the southern and central parts of the area . which I perceived as the most authentic ones . The northern part of the area is suitable for new construction,namely for apartments in a quiet location near the waterfront of Svitavy . In the context of long-term neglected objects, there has to be removed the state will have to be a substantial portion. As a temporary solution of using this large open area there is a possibility of creating different kinds of sports activities and areas . Buildings in the east part of the site is partly degraded in working order or its architecture differ from the rest of the complex . It is also an increased level of noise from the adjacent railway line . I propose to use the building as a rentable commercial space or spaces for a small production .

This project focuses on sustainable production. The monocultural large-scale agriculture and forestry contributes with great strain on nature in the form of deforestation and eutrophication. At the same time, production is a central part of rural supply, and inthe extension also for all residents of the country. Unlike the city where demand drives land prices to such an extent that it pays to build vertically, the typology of the countryside is rather characterized by the opposite. Still, the relatively low land value in the countryside is so important for the ecological and economic sustainability of the whole country. What would happen if we priced the ecological values in evaluation of rural land prices, could it also be possible to build vertically even there? With this as a starting point, I have designed a vertical aquaponic cultivation tower, which produces both vegetables and crops, but also fish and energy. The tower is clad with both solar cells and solar panels, which ensures a sustainable self-sufficient energy supply, while excess energy can also supply surrounding buildings and businesses. In this project, I have replaced a 110 ha large cultivation area with vertical cultivation towers corresponding to the same production capacity in crops but which to the surface only occupy 1.1 ha. My idea with the saved land is to allow it to return to nature, primeval forest in the long run. In addition to the obvious ecological benefits, a changed use of land can enable a place for recreation in the middle of this “tower forest”, something that the classic arable farming rarely allows to any great extent. / I detta tredje och avslutande projekt här i Alberga har jag tagit avstamp i en av demest centrala utmaningarna för landsbygden. Detta handlar om hållbar produktion.Av Sveriges totala landyta brukas idag 8 % av marken för jordbruk, att jämföramed den bebyggda ytan på 3 %. Ytterligare ca 62 % nyttjas för skogsbruk. (SCB,Markanvändningen i Sverige). Det monokulturella storskaliga jord och skogsbruketbidrar med stora påfrestningar för naturen i form av avskogning och övergödning.Samtidigt är produktionen en central del av landsbygdens försörjning, och iförlängningen även för alla landets invånare. Till skillnad från i staden där efterfrågan driver markpriser i en sådan grad att detlönar sig att bygga på höjden är landsbygdens typologi snarare kännetecknad av detmotsatta. Ändå är den relativt lågt värderade marken på landsbygden så viktig förden ekologiska och ekonomiska hållbarheten för hela landet. Vad skulle hända om viprisade in de ekologiska värdena i landsbygdens markpriser, skulle det då kunna lönasig att även där bygga på höjden? Med detta som utgångspunkt har jag utformat ett vertikalt aquaponiskt odlingstorn, som både producerar grönsaker och grödor, men även fisk och energi. Tornet är klätt med både solceller och solpaneler vilket säkerställer en hållbar självförsörjande energitillgång, samtidigt som överskott av energi även kan förse omkringliggande bebyggelse och verksamheter. I detta projekt har jag ersatt ett 110 ha stort odlingsareal med vertikala odlingstorn motsvarande samma produktionskapacitet i grödor men som till ytan bara upptar 1,1 ha. Min tanke med den bespararade marken är att tillåta den återgå till skog, urskog på lång sikt.Förutom de uppenbara ekologiska fördelarna så kan även den ändrade markanvändingenmöjliggöra en plats för rekreation mitt i odlingstornsskogen, något som det klassiskaåkerjordbruket sällan tillåter i någon större utsträckning.

During the water quality and sludge characterization phase, average effluent quality over the course of a day was not found to be impaired during a 7-month sampling and monitoring study at the three trout farms. However, effluent quality was found to change significantly during times of high farm activity (i.e. feeding, harvesting, cleaning, etc.). Normalized Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations were found to be as high as 115 mg/l during harvesting and 63 mg/l during feeding. Solids characterization studies proved farm waste solids degrade over time and that their particle size distributions are a function of the feed size and activity of a certain raceway. Waste solids accumulation studies proved that the solids removal efficiency of farm sediment traps were very low, and after a certain period of time, they reached capacity due to particle scouring. A pilot plant was constructed in the water and sludge treatability phase to prove a baffled settling scheme was sufficient to treat average and peak TSS concentrations during a normal workweek. The study found optimal TSS removals at detention times of 15-20 minutes, and overflow rates of 77.4 – 48.9 m3/m2·d. Given economic, spatial, and operational constraints, sedimentation was found to be the most feasible treatment technology for raceway-system trout farms. / Master of Science

The population of the world is increasing exponentially each year with a large population base. Agricultural fields are facing the pressure of dealing with food insufficiency, whereas the challenges of limited resources of arable land and fresh water on the earth should be taken into account at the same time. Smart farming was born at the right time to cope with the problem and has become one of the most powerful approaches to reducing the ecological footprint of farming and improving agricultural yield. The four most important variables that impact crop yield are soil productivity, the accessibility of water, climate, and pests or diseases. This thesis emphasizes the application of chemical fertilizers to corn and disregards the impact of water, pests, and disease for the moment. In this study, three scenarios are explored deeper one by one. The only factor that varies among the three scenarios is the nitrogen amount available to the plant. Fertilizers have outstanding performance in improving the yield and quality of plants in agricultural fields, and this is the emphasis of this thesis. Compared with the fertilizer properties and characteristics of frequently used commercial fertilizers, polymer-coated urea was selected as the fertilizer in this study because the feature of nitrogen can be released into the soil slowly and in a controlled manner. Scenario 1 created an ideal condition where unlimited nitrogen was provided to the corn. Scenario 2 assumed that a fixed amount of polymer-coated urea was applied at the beginning of the sowing season only. Scenario 3 figured out an optimal yield by separating the fertilizer application at the beginning and in the middle of the growing days with the same amounts of fertilizer used in Scenario 2. The model was performed based on historical data from Oklahoma and Ottawa using IoT sensors. The simulation model generated with Python figured out that approximately the end of June to the start of July is the best time to apply the remaining fertilizer, assuming that the sowing stage starts on May 1. The percentage of polymer-coated urea applied initially was found to usually be around 10% in the tested regions. The model was used to predict the yield in Ottawa using from 40.94 g/(m^2) in Scenario 2 to 55.43 g/(m^2) in Scenario 3, achieving an outstanding increasing rate of 35.38%.

Mötesplatsen i Edesta syftar till att sammanföra en fragmenterad landsbygdsmiljö i sydvästra Södertälje genom att lyfta områdets existerande kvaliteter, såsom odling, hantverk och utbildning på en gemensam plats i ett historiskt nav. Byggnadens gestaltning har resulterat i en korsform för att möta upp dessa kvaliteter och skapa rum däremellan. Vidare samspelar dess form med ladugårdens invid för att betona sin tillhörighet i sammanhanget. Tillsammans med det långa växthuset med uthyrbara lotter skapar dessa tre enheter ett tun med en sida öppen mot vägen för att bjuda in allmänheten.  Med ett fokus på odling syftar mötesplatsen till att öka människors välmående och inkludering i ekosystemet samtidigt som den biologiska mångfalden främjas. Byggnaden är tänkt att ge ett permanent uttryck genom massiva material samtidigt som den i sin enkla form vill vara flexibel för kommande förändringar. Materialen har i sin tur till stor del valts utifrån vad som finns tillgängligt lokalt och ter sig mer skonsamt mot naturen, däribland lera, gran och furu. / Meeting Place Edesta strives to unite a fragmented rural area in the Southwest of Södertälje by elevating its existing qualities, such as farming, handicraft and education on a common place in a historical hub. The building's formation has resulted in a cross-shape to meet these qualities and create rooms in between. Furthermore it’s shape interacts with the barn beside it to emphasize it’s affiliation in the context. Together with the long greenhouse, with rentable lots, these buildings form a rural square with one side open to the road to invite the public.  With a focus on farming the meeting place serves to increase the wellbeing of humans and their inclusion in the ecosystem as well as the biological diversity is favoured. The building is thought to give a permanent impression through the use of massive materials whilst it wants to be flexible for forthcoming changes through it’s simple shape. The materials have in turn been chosen from what’s available locally and more environmentally friendly, such as clay, fir and pine.

<p> This study appraises the significance of a selected number of variables - economic demographic, and physical - in explaining the inter-farm variation in gross cash income on a sample of small-scale multiple enterprize farms, Jamaica, West Indies. Chapter I outlines the purpose and methodology of the analysis, while Chapter II describes the physical geography and farming systems of the area. A review of literature germane to the main body of the study is covered in Chapter III. Specifying a model that traces out the relative significance of those variables which are hypothesized as influences on the inter-farm variation in gross cash income is the focus of Chapter IV. The final chapter summarizes and interprets the main findings of the study.</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The world’s population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050. This exponential growth imposes a significant challenge on food security making the development of efficient crop production a growing concern. The traditional methods of analyzing soil and crop yield rely on manual field surveys and the use of expensive instruments. This process is not only time-consuming but also requires a team of specialists making this method of prediction expensive. Prediction of yield is an integral part of smart farming as it enables farmers to make timely informed decisions and maximize productivity while minimizing waste. Traditional statistical approaches fall short in optimizing yield prediction due to the multitude of diverse variables that influence crop production. Additionally, the interactions between these variables are non-linear which these methods fail to capture. Recent approaches in machine learning and data-driven models are better suited for handling the complexity and variability of crop yield prediction. Maize, also known as corn, is a staple crop in many countries and is used in a variety of food products, including bread, cereal, and animal feed. In 2021-2022, the total production of corn was around 1.2 billion tonnes superseding that of wheat or rice, making it an essential element of food production. With the advent of remote sensing, Unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs are widely used to capture high-quality field images making it possible to capture minute details for better analysis of the crops. By combining spatial features, such as topography and soil type, with crop growth information, it is possible to develop a robust and accurate system for predicting crop yield. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of deep neural network that has shown remarkable success in computer vision tasks, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Their ability to automatically extract features and patterns from data sets makes them highly effective in analyzing complex and high-dimensional datasets, such as drone imagery. In this research, we aim to build an effective crop yield predictor using data fusion and deep learning. We propose several Deep CNN architectures that can accurately predict corn yield before the end of the harvesting season which can aid farmers by providing them with valuable information about potential harvest outcomes, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. UAVs equipped with RGB (Red Green Blue) and multi-spectral cameras were scheduled to capture high-resolution images for the entire growth period of 2021 of 3 fields located in Ottawa, Ontario, where primarily corn was grown. Whereas, the ground yield data was acquired at the time of harvesting using a yield monitoring device mounted on the harvester. Several data processing techniques were employed to remove erroneous measurements and the processed data was fed to different CNN architectures, and several analyses were done on the models to highlight the best techniques/methods that lead to the most optimal performance. The final best-performing model was a 3-dimensional CNN model that can predict yield utilizing the images from the Early(June) and Mid(July) growing stages with a Mean Absolute Percentage error of 15.18% and a Root Mean Squared Error of 17.63 (Bushels Per Acre). The model trained on data from Field 1 demonstrated an average Correlation Coefficient of 0.57 between the True and Predicted yield values from Field 2 and Field 3. This research provides a direction for developing an end-to-end yield prediction model. Additionally, by leveraging the results from the experiments presented in this research, image acquisition, and computation costs can be brought down.

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