Submitted by JOSUÉ FERNANDES FROTA FILHO (frotafilho.jf@outlook.com) on 2018-04-24T17:00:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Josue_Dissertação_24_04_FINAL.pdf: 705810 bytes, checksum: c7f70d2764da25e302dc2b38af6c84bd (MD5) / Rejected by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: O arquivo pdf submetido ao repositório deve conter a ficha catalográfica e o certificado de aprovação (documentos obrigatórios). Favor inserir no arquivo pdf a ficha catalográfica e o certificado de aprovação (tudo em um arquivo só). Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-04-25T12:56:05Z (GMT) / Submitted by JOSUÉ FERNANDES FROTA FILHO (frotafilho.jf@outlook.com) on 2018-04-26T11:48:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Josue_Dissertação_24_04_FINAL corrigido.pdf: 927542 bytes, checksum: a658dd423a96120871bc91bfa99cbc9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-26T12:10:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fotafilho_jf_me_jabo.pdf: 927542 bytes, checksum: a658dd423a96120871bc91bfa99cbc9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T12:10:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fotafilho_jf_me_jabo.pdf: 927542 bytes, checksum: a658dd423a96120871bc91bfa99cbc9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O crescimento acelerado da aquicultura vem sendo acompanhado pela crescente preocupação em se garantir a sustentabilidade das atividades aquícolas. A sustentabilidade neste trabalho é baseada principalmente em duas dimensões: ambiental, e econômica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental e a viabilidade econômica em pequena escala de produção de pós-larvas do camarão de água doce da espécie Macrobrachium amazonicum, por meio de um conjunto indicadores de sustentabilidade. Foram considerados os ciclos de produção durante um ano de cultivo de pós-larvas do camarão-da-amazônia. A capacidade produtiva considerada foi de 290 milheiros de pós-larvas/mês. A sustentabilidade ambiental foi medida com base na utilização de recursos naturais, eficiência no uso destes recursos e poluição liberada ao ambiente pelo meio de cultivo. A sustentabilidade econômica foi medida com base nos aspectos sobre a eficiência no uso dos recursos financeiros e a capacidade de gerar recursos para reinvestimentos na atividade. Os resultados sugerem que há viabilidade econômica para o produtor que realiza larvicultura em sistemas de fundo de quintal (backyard hatchery). Além disso, os dados obtidos também mostraram que embora a larvicultura seja uma atividade bastante intensificada, há eficiência na utilização dos recursos naturais, sendo mais sustentável do que outras fases de produção, como o berçário e crescimento final da mesma espécie. Desse modo, o modelo utilizado é uma alternativa viável com sustentabilidade econômica e ambiental para produção de pós-larvas de M. amazonicum em sistemas familiares de produção. / The rapid growth of aquaculture has been accompanied by the increasing concern to ensure sustainability of aquatic activities. In this work, sustainability is based on environmental and economic dimensions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the environmental and economic sustainability of a small scale Macrobrachium amazonicum post-larvae production using a set of indicators for sustainability. Production cycles during one year of the Amazon Prawn hatchery was considered. The considered productive capacity was 290 thousand post larvae/month. Environmental sustainability measurements were based on the use of natural resources, efficiency in the use of resources and pollution released to environment from the production facility. Economic sustainability measurements were based on the aspects of efficiency in the use of financial resources and the capacity to generate resources for reinvestments in the activity. Results show that there is economic feasibility for the ‘backyard’ hatcheries system for freshwater prawn farmers. In addition, data indicate that in spite of hatchery being a highly intensified activity, there is efficiency in using natural resources, and it is more sustainable than other production phases, such as nursery and grow-out phase of the same species. To sum it up, the hatchery model studied is a feasible and sustainable alternative to produce M. amazonicum post-larvae with environmental and economic sustainability to be operated using either family labour production. / 88882.156917/2017-01

Banca: Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues / Banca: Salatiér Buzetti / Banca: Paulo Leonel Libardi / Banca: Carlos Roberto Espindola / Banca: Edson Eiji Matsura / Resumo: Por se tratar de um cultivo perene, a pupunheira se torna bastante exigente quanto aos atributos físico-químicos do solo, refletindo de forma mais imediata ao efeito causado pelo manejo que é adotado. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar por meio de análises lineares, geoestatísticas e multivariadas os atributos do solo que melhor expliquem a variabilidade linear e espacial da cultura da pupunha em Registro, SP. Em 2014, foi analisado os componentes produtivos da cultura da pupunha em função de alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um Cambissolo eutrófico. Foi demarcada a malha geoestatística, com 54 pontos amostrais, numa área de 1 ha. Quanto ao ponto de vista linear, diâmetro do caule e altura da planta foi explicada pelo modelo potencial direto e exponencial, o que foi altamente significativa, devido à resistência mecânica à penetração. A classificação em grupos foi feita por três métodos: método de agrupamentos hierárquico, método não-hierárquico k-means e análise de componentes principais. Assim, pode se concluir que a análise multivariada por meio da análise de componentes principais permitiu identificar dois grupos que explicam 67,8 % da variabilidade total dos dados, onde estes grupos são constituídos pelos atributos físicos densidade do solo, porosidade total, umidade gravimétrica e resistência mecânica à penetração que se mostraram com maior poder de explicação da variação do diâmetro do caule da pupunha. Já para os atributos químicos a classificação em grupos foi feita por três métodos: método de agrupamentos hierárquico, método não-hierárquico k-means e análise de componentes principais. Pode se concluir que a análise multivariada por meio da análise de componentes principais permitiu identificar dois grupos que explicam 56,62 % da variabilidade total dos dados, onde estes grupos são constituídos pelos atributos químicos matéria orgânica, potássio, magnésio.. / Abstract: Because it is a perennial crop, peach palm becomes quite demanding as physico-chemical soil properties, reflecting more immediately the effect caused by the management that is adopted. The objective of this study was to identify through linear analysis, geostatistics and multivariate soil attributes that best explain the linear and spatial variability of the culture of peach palm in Registro, SP. In 2014, was analyzed productive components of the culture of peach palm due to some physical and chemical attributes of a eutrophic Cambisol. It was demarcated the geostatistical grid with 54 sampling points in an area of 1 ha. As the linear point of view, stem diameter, and plant height was explained by the potential direct and exponential model, which was highly significant due to the mechanical resistance. Classification into groups was made by three methods: method of hierarchical clusters, non-hierarchical k-means method and principal component analysis. Thus, it can be concluded that the multivariate analysis using principal component analysis allowed us to identify two groups that explain 67.8% of the total variability of the data, where these groups are made up of the physical attributes of the soil density, total porosity, humidity and gravimetric penetration resistance that demonstrated greater explanatory power of the variation of peach palm stem diameter. As for the chemical attributes the classification in groups was made by three methods: method of hierarchical clusters, non-hierarchical k-means method and principal component analysis. It can be concluded that the multivariate analysis using principal component analysis allowed us to identify two groups that explain 56.62% of the total variability of the data, where these groups are made up of the chemical attributes organic matter, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, exchange capacity cation and aluminum saturation stood out as main components that demonstrated greater explanatory power...

The paper studied the structure of meals in selected restaurants in the Czech Republic and compared with selected Austrian catering facilities. The analysis shows that Austria is against the Czech Republic ahead of not only the quantity used in organic food, but also in the knowledge that is related to organic food. And not just in public catering facilities, but also in households. In the questionnaire survey was to determine knowledge about organic foods, the principles under which they were prepared, where you can buy at what price range varies. About the quality of organic food, people's interest in organic food, organic food as often used in homes both Czech and Austrian. Were also detected in the possibilities of school catering facilities, the reasons why organic food is often used and more. All of this was examined children's nursery school, primary school pupils and college students and executives interviewed kitchen. The result is that in the Czech Republic are used almost exclusively organic foods at home and rarely. While in the kitchens of school facilities for them is great interest either from the kitchen diners and employees. By contrast, in Austria, organic food is commonly used both in households and in public catering facilities and thein use is considered an asset. SWOT analysis derived from several sources provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, shows the appropriateness of inclusion of organic food to offer menus. Understanding the concept of organic food is gradually increasing, from our survey suggests that this concept students know 72% and 75% of staff kitchen. In Austria, this question knew the answer 100% of the respondents. 13% of respondents would welcome the offer of meals of organic foods in their cafeterias, dining halls in the Austrian would appreciate higher proportion of organic food. 60% of students in the questionnaire said that they can byu organic food in supermarkets, while in Austria prevails buy organic food directly on the farm. Most in the Czech Republic to sign purchase organic fruits and vegetables, in second place as milk and dairy products. In contrast to Austria, where most purchases organic milk and dairy products, fruit in second place and third place is vegetables.

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Precision Farming is by far the most exciting new agricultural technology developed during the past decade, and although technology transfer is especially difficult in agriculture for a number of reasons, this technology has survived its initial stages of implementation. Historically field boundaries were often along natural soil boundaries, leading to small fields, which were treated homogenously. As agricultural machinery was developed and grew ever larger, fields were often combined to allow for more efficient cultivation. As result, fields with varying properties were created resulting in inefficiencies. Precision Farming was developed to overcome this problem. In this paper some results of initial research undertaken in South Africa under a variety of circumstances will be shown. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Civil Engineering / Unrestricted

In Paraguay's rural northeast, small-scale farmers, called campesinos, are targeted by the military as sympathizers for El ejército del pueblo paraguayo (EPP), an alleged terrorist group comprising only 15 - 80 members nationwide. Since 2013, President Cartes' administration has used a threat of rural insecurity to militarize campesino settlements that are peacefully resisting displacement from foreign agroindustry. This thesis considers perspectives from campesinos both living in the countryside and imprisoned in the national penitentiary to examine effects of increased militarization. Testimonies demonstrate that a discourse of rural terrorism serves as a legitimizing mechanism to criminalize and eliminate campesino movements as obstacles to agroindustrial expansion.

Lupane and Hwange districts fall under natural region IV and V and lie in the semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe with low and erratic mean annual rainfall not exceeding 600mm. Seventy percent of Zimbabwe’s population lives in communal areas, whose livelihood is based on agriculture. The communities in these areas mainly practice mixed farming systems. However, crop production is constrained by water availability and suitable production techniques. As a result households in these areas are experiencing worsening levels of household food insecurity. Two irrigation schemes were identified for this study and these are located in these two districts. Tshongokwe irrigation scheme is located in Lupane district and Lukosi irrigation scheme is located in Hwange district and these irrigation schemes are about 25 hectares in size. Lupane and Hwange districts are considered to be one of the most food insecure areas in the country because of the frequent droughts and unreliable rainfall in the region. The major tool of enquiry in this study was the questionnaire which was used to collect data from the households that farm on irrigated land and those that farm on dryland farming. Household and farm characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires with the help of locally recruited and trained enumerators. Agricultural production, household consumption and marketing of agricultural produce were accessed using the questionnaire to establish problems experienced by farmers. The main objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of household food security using a logistic regression model. The model was initially fitted with thirteen variables, selected from factors identified by previous researchers that affect food security in communal areas. Six variables were found to be significant at 1, 5 and 10 percent significance level and all had the expected signs except farm size. These factors include access to irrigation, farm size, cattle ownership, fertilizer application, household size and per capita aggregate production. The results obtained were further analyzed to compute partial effects on continuous variables and change in probabilities on the discrete variables for the significant factors in the logistic regression model. Analysis of partial effects revealed that household size, farm size, cattle ownership and per capita aggregate production lead to a greater probability of household being food secure. Change in probability results showed that having access to irrigation and using fertilizer can increase the probability of household being food secure The findings of this study highlight a positive and significant relationship between access to irrigation, fertilizer application, cattle ownership, per capita aggregate production to household food security. Household size and farm size have a negative and significant relationship on household food security. This study shows the effectiveness of irrigated farming over dryland farming in the semi-arid areas. The results show increased agricultural production, crop diversification and higher incomes from irrigation farming as compared to dry land farming. Irrigation farming has enabled many households to diversify their source of income and generate more income. Irrigation has enabled households with irrigation not only to feed themselves throughout the year but also to invest on non-agricultural goods and services from incomes received from crop sales Based on the results from the logistic regression model, it can be concluded that household size, farm size, per capita aggregate production, cattle ownership, fertilizer application and access to irrigation have a positive effect on household food security and the magnitude of changes in conditional probabilities have an impact on household food security.

The present study examines rural youth perceptions of farming and their decision of whether or not to work as a farmer by paying special attention to personal career aspirations, social (peer and parental) influences, and structural (land, finance, market, and agricultural education) constraints as the “push” and “pull” forces of farming. Interviews were conducted with 59 youth in six villages of Kiambu County, Kenya. Findings revealed that non-agricultural career aspirations, such as engineering and teaching, may create the desire to migrate away from farming. While many youth held negative perceptions of farming, which were reinforced through peer and parental influence, a sub-set of youth expressed a passion for farming and considered farming an attractive career path. However, the existence of structural barriers and the difficulties in overcoming them, especially access to land, limited their participation in farming.

This study examines the economic and social aspects of part-time farming in two municipalities in the Fraser Valley region of British Columbia. The study was undertaken in 1970 under the auspices of the British Columbia Department of Agriculture and the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of British Columbia. The primary purpose of the study was to provide descriptive information about part-time farmers and to provide some framework within which policy decisions could be made. The study examines the physical characteristics of the part-time farm, the socio-economic characteristics of the part-time farm operator and his family, and the financial aspects of part-time farming. Some analysis is undertaken with respect to the findings of the survey and, where possible, these are related to census data for comparison between part-time farms and all census farms for the same area. The main conclusions drawn from these analyses were that part-time farmers were only distinguishable from the census population farmers on the basis of direct financial aspects of their farms. This was reflected in the much lower levels of farm sales and expenses experienced by part-time farmers. Several characteristics of both census farms and part-time farms were significantly different between the two municipalities. There were strong indications that neither of the two groups are homogeneous between regions. Consequently, it is difficult to envisage a single definition of farming, much less part-time farming, being formulated which will have application in such a diversified agricultural mosaic as is found in British Columbia. The study concludes by questioning the validity of a policy which segments the farm community on the basis of the farm operator having an off-farm job. The study suggests that the only meaningful indicator as to whether or not farm land resources are being effectively utilized is productivity as measured by the usual economic criteria of gross and net dollar receipts. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate