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Given the great promise of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) as a therapeutic modality, the aim of the present study is to develop and optimise a technique that uses externally applied focused ultrasound energy and remote, ultrasound-based treatment monitoring to destroy subcutaneous fat safely, effectively and non-invasively. Based on initial cavitation and temperature measurements performed ex vivo in excised porcine fat at four different frequencies (0.5, 1.1, 1.6 & 3.4MHz) over a range of pressure amplitudes and exposure durations, it was concluded that 0.5MHz is the optimal frequency for this application since it is capable of instigating inertial cavitation at relatively modest pressures while enhancing focal heat deposition. Histological assessment of tissue treated above the cavitation threshold at 0.5MHz both ex vivo and in vivo demonstrated damage to adipocytes and connective tissue. Furthermore, a good correlation was identified between the energy of broadband emissions detected by the passive cavitation detector (PCD) and the focal temperature rise at 0.5MHz during ex vivo experimentation, which could be exploited as a tool for non-invasive monitoring of successful treatment delivery. In addition, localisation of cavitation activity by means of passive cavitation detection was achieved and shown to provide a strong indicator of the location of induced histological damage. Based on the specific requirements identified during initial experimentation, an application-specific HIFU transducer, cavitation detector and real-time treatment monitoring software was developed and tested ex vivo. This treatment system was found capable of producing extensive damage to adipocytes and collagen confined to the subcutaneous fat layer at the desired treatment depth, which coincided with the location of cavitation activity as displayed by the real-time treatment monitoring software.

<p>The amyloidoses are biochemically heterogeneous diseases with patholophysiologic deposits of various proteins. Amyloid deposits can occur either localized to one organ or tissue or as part of a systemic disease with deposits in many different tissue. The clinical course, prognosis and therapy are different for each type of amyloidosis and therefore a type specific diagnosis is demanded as early as possible. We describe a method for typing of the most common systemic amyloidoses based on Western blot analysis combined with specific</p><p>in- house antibodies, using subcutaneous fat biopsies. We found that the method is reliable and easy to perform and the tissue sample needed is obtained by minor surgery.</p><p>In the aortic intima amyloid deposits are often associated with atherosclerosis plaques. In our study we also investigated the prevalence of intimal amyloid from 10 patients age 58-94, amyloid deposits were present in 50% of the cases.</p> / <p>Amyloidos är ett sjukdomstillstånd där proteiner som normalt är lösliga i kroppen felveckas och formar långa olösliga fibriller som ansamlas i vävnader och organ såsom t.ex. hjärta, hjärna och lever. Det finns cirka 25 proteiner som kan ge upphov till amyloidos. Man kan skilja på två huvudgrupper av amyloidos, systemisk och lokaliserad. Vid lokal amyloidos kan inlagringar förekomma i specifika vävnader vid framför allt vissa åldersberoende sjukdomar som t.ex. Alzheimers sjukdom. Vid systemisk amyloidos förekommer inlagringar i praktiskt taget alla vävnader. Symtomatologin vid systemisk amyloidos är variabel och sjukdomsbilden kan vara svårtolkad men tidig och specifik diagnostik ger möjlighet till riktad terapi mot den bakomliggande sjukdomen. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera en Western blot metod som använts för typning av vanligaste formerna av systemisk amyloidos. De slutsatser som nåtts är att denna metod är snabbt, pålitligt och enkel att utföra. Diagnos erhölls med finnålsbiopsi av bukfettvävnad som är enkel, snabb och billig metod med liten risk för patienternas hälsa. Vi lyckades också med hjälp av immunhistokemisk infärgning titta på prevalens av amyloid i aortas intima.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_g_dr_jabo.pdf: 1488681 bytes, checksum: 7af24d565900fcef145d27e59cbc56e7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As células-tronco da linhagem mesenquimal representam uma fonte promissora para o tratamento de injúrias do sistema músculo-esquelético de equinos atletas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar técnicas de coleta e isolamento de células-tronco mesenquimais em equinos, determinar a caracterização morfológica e fenotípica e avaliar o comportamento celular sob diferentes condições de cultivo. Cinco cavalos foram submetidos à coleta de medula óssea do esterno e de tecido adiposo da região glútea. As amostras foram processadas para o isolamento de células mononucleares e cultivadas em dois tipos de meios de cultivo. No vigésimo quinto dia, foi adicionado TGF-β1, mantendo um grupo controle para cada meio. As técnicas de coleta e processamento foram avaliadas por meio de fatores como facilidade de obtenção, viabilidade celular e número de células obtidas. Características morfológicas qualitativas foram avaliadas semanalmente mediante observação das colônias por microscopia óptica de luz invertida. Características fenotípicas foram avaliadas testando-se marcadores de superfície. Os efeitos do TGF-β1 sobre as culturas de células foram determinados por meio de avaliação citoquímica, número de unidades formadoras de colônia e porcentagens de apoptose e necrose. Foram observadas diferenças entre as amostras em fatores como a viabilidade celular após descongelamento, formação de colônias e relação entre necrose e apoptose em meios de cultivo diferentes. O TGF-β1 apresentou um efeito indutor de apoptose e estimulou a formação de colônias e a produção de proteoglicanas sulfatadas confirmando o efeito condrogênico / Mesenchymal stem cells could be a new treatment for healing musculo-skeletal injuries of equine athlete. The objectives of this study were: to analyze the harvest and isolation techniques of equine mesenchymal stem cells, to determine morphological and phenotypical characterization and to evaluate cellular behavior in different culture conditions. Five horses had sternal aspirates bone marrow and croup fat tissue harvest. Both of them harvested materials was processed for mononuclear cells isolation and cultivate in two different kinds of culture medium. Twenty-five days later TGF-β1 was add in both culture mediums, remains a control group for each one. The harvest and process techniques were evaluated through some factors like: easily of harvest, cellular viability and cellular number. Morphological qualitative characteristics were described weekly by culture microscopy observation. Phenotypical characteristics were evaluated testing cluster markers. The effects of TGF-β1 on the cells cultures were determined by histological evaluation, number of unit forming colony and relation between necrosis and apoptosis. Differences between bone marrow and fat tissue cells were observed in some factors like: cellular viability after freezing, unity colony forming and relation between necrosis and apoptosis in different mediums culture. TGF-β1showed apoptosis inductor effect and stimulated the unit forming colony and sulfated proteoglicans production confirming the chondrogenic effect

Background: Skinfold thickness (ST), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) measurements are simple methods for assessing fat tissue at defined body parts. We examined these parameters in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents in Leipzig. Our study provides current percentile curves for biceps, triceps, subscapular and iliac crest ST, plus WC, HC, Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Waist-to-Height Ratio. Materials and methods: 6,344 visits were recorded involving 2,363 individuals from 3 to 16 years in age. Continuous age- and gender-related percentiles (3rd, 10th, median, 90th, 97th percentiles) were estimated using Cole's LMS method. Results: For biceps and triceps ST, boys show a peak at the beginning of adolescence with a subsequent decrease, while percentile values among girls rise across the age range. Subscapular and iliac crest percentiles also show increasing curves with disproportionately high values for P90 and P97. Boys show higher values of WC, girls have higher levels of HC. WC and HC median percentiles constantly increase in both sexes with a plateau at the age of 16 for girls. Conclusion: Trends for all parameters of body fat are in line with other national and international studies. Unlike the KiGGS study, our study provides circumference data across the whole of our age range, i.e. from 3-16 years.:I. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1. Vorbemerkung 2. Wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund 2.1. Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter 2.2. Bestimmung des Körperfettanteils bei Kindern und Jugendlichen 2.3. Die Bedeutung kindlichen Übergewichts und dessen Folgeschäden 2.4. Assoziation von Körperfettparametern und kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren im Fokus 2.5. Anthropometrische Referenzwerte für Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland 3. Fragestellung 4. Publikation 5. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 6. Literaturverzeichnis II. Anlagen 1. Abbildungen 2. Tabellen 3. Formeln nach Slaughter zur Abschätzung des Körperfettanteils III. Darstellung des eigenen Beitrags IV. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit VI. Danksagung

Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue are the lipid filled cells with various functions such as, shock absorber, energy storage, and thermal insulation. In this study, the impact of compressive stress at the microstructural level on the porcine abdominal adipose tissue is analyzed under different strain rates of 0.1%, 1%, and 10%. The compressed tissues were fixed in formalin followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, which were further analyzed at the cellular level using an optical microscope. The preliminary results showed a linear relationship between stress and strain up to 20% strain amplitude. Additionally, the stiffness of the fat tissue was observed to increase with the increase in loading rate. The non-linearity behavior of the adipose tissue and its effects on the cellular level will be studied to understand the mechanical response of fat tissue and its ability to mitigate and absorb energy from low to high strain rate.

Orientador: José Corrêa de Lacerda Neto / Banca: Ana Liz Garcia Alves / Banca: Cristina de Oliveira Massoco / Banca: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni / Banca: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Resumo: As células-tronco da linhagem mesenquimal representam uma fonte promissora para o tratamento de injúrias do sistema músculo-esquelético de equinos atletas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar técnicas de coleta e isolamento de células-tronco mesenquimais em equinos, determinar a caracterização morfológica e fenotípica e avaliar o comportamento celular sob diferentes condições de cultivo. Cinco cavalos foram submetidos à coleta de medula óssea do esterno e de tecido adiposo da região glútea. As amostras foram processadas para o isolamento de células mononucleares e cultivadas em dois tipos de meios de cultivo. No vigésimo quinto dia, foi adicionado TGF-β1, mantendo um grupo controle para cada meio. As técnicas de coleta e processamento foram avaliadas por meio de fatores como facilidade de obtenção, viabilidade celular e número de células obtidas. Características morfológicas qualitativas foram avaliadas semanalmente mediante observação das colônias por microscopia óptica de luz invertida. Características fenotípicas foram avaliadas testando-se marcadores de superfície. Os efeitos do TGF-β1 sobre as culturas de células foram determinados por meio de avaliação citoquímica, número de unidades formadoras de colônia e porcentagens de apoptose e necrose. Foram observadas diferenças entre as amostras em fatores como a viabilidade celular após descongelamento, formação de colônias e relação entre necrose e apoptose em meios de cultivo diferentes. O TGF-β1 apresentou um efeito indutor de apoptose e estimulou a formação de colônias e a produção de proteoglicanas sulfatadas confirmando o efeito condrogênico / Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells could be a new treatment for healing musculo-skeletal injuries of equine athlete. The objectives of this study were: to analyze the harvest and isolation techniques of equine mesenchymal stem cells, to determine morphological and phenotypical characterization and to evaluate cellular behavior in different culture conditions. Five horses had sternal aspirates bone marrow and croup fat tissue harvest. Both of them harvested materials was processed for mononuclear cells isolation and cultivate in two different kinds of culture medium. Twenty-five days later TGF-β1 was add in both culture mediums, remains a control group for each one. The harvest and process techniques were evaluated through some factors like: easily of harvest, cellular viability and cellular number. Morphological qualitative characteristics were described weekly by culture microscopy observation. Phenotypical characteristics were evaluated testing cluster markers. The effects of TGF-β1 on the cells cultures were determined by histological evaluation, number of unit forming colony and relation between necrosis and apoptosis. Differences between bone marrow and fat tissue cells were observed in some factors like: cellular viability after freezing, unity colony forming and relation between necrosis and apoptosis in different mediums culture. TGF-β1showed apoptosis inductor effect and stimulated the unit forming colony and sulfated proteoglicans production confirming the chondrogenic effect / Doutor

The amyloidoses are biochemically heterogeneous diseases with patholophysiologic deposits of various proteins. Amyloid deposits can occur either localized to one organ or tissue or as part of a systemic disease with deposits in many different tissue. The clinical course, prognosis and therapy are different for each type of amyloidosis and therefore a type specific diagnosis is demanded as early as possible. We describe a method for typing of the most common systemic amyloidoses based on Western blot analysis combined with specific in- house antibodies, using subcutaneous fat biopsies. We found that the method is reliable and easy to perform and the tissue sample needed is obtained by minor surgery. In the aortic intima amyloid deposits are often associated with atherosclerosis plaques. In our study we also investigated the prevalence of intimal amyloid from 10 patients age 58-94, amyloid deposits were present in 50% of the cases. / Amyloidos är ett sjukdomstillstånd där proteiner som normalt är lösliga i kroppen felveckas och formar långa olösliga fibriller som ansamlas i vävnader och organ såsom t.ex. hjärta, hjärna och lever. Det finns cirka 25 proteiner som kan ge upphov till amyloidos. Man kan skilja på två huvudgrupper av amyloidos, systemisk och lokaliserad. Vid lokal amyloidos kan inlagringar förekomma i specifika vävnader vid framför allt vissa åldersberoende sjukdomar som t.ex. Alzheimers sjukdom. Vid systemisk amyloidos förekommer inlagringar i praktiskt taget alla vävnader. Symtomatologin vid systemisk amyloidos är variabel och sjukdomsbilden kan vara svårtolkad men tidig och specifik diagnostik ger möjlighet till riktad terapi mot den bakomliggande sjukdomen. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera en Western blot metod som använts för typning av vanligaste formerna av systemisk amyloidos. De slutsatser som nåtts är att denna metod är snabbt, pålitligt och enkel att utföra. Diagnos erhölls med finnålsbiopsi av bukfettvävnad som är enkel, snabb och billig metod med liten risk för patienternas hälsa. Vi lyckades också med hjälp av immunhistokemisk infärgning titta på prevalens av amyloid i aortas intima.