This diploma thesis, "The knowledge of a selected group of teachers about nutrition and the influence of food on the human organism" aims to find out about the level of knowledge that the teachers of the lower secondary stage of primary schools and the corresponding years of grammar schools possess in the field of nutrition and its influence on the human organism. Nutrition is a necessary part of life and the knowledge of proper nutrition is essential for the correct function of the human organism, prevention of various diseases, etc.; nutrition in children is evidently even more important than in adults. Furthermore, nutrition helps to improve academic importance, which is why teachers should have at least some level of knowledge in this field. In the theoretical part I try to sum up the very basics of the individual areas of nutrition, including a recommended fluid intake, micronutrients and macronutrients, or the influence of nutrition on the human psyche. The research for this thesis was done via a questionnaire survey, in which 260 teachers took part. The teachers came from randomly selected schools; their contact information was all publicly available and obtained from the websites of the individual schools. The questionnaire included 25 questions altogether and, among others, it also...

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Forty four first-calf heifers were randomly selected to determine lactational and metabolic responses to high fat diets and isoacids. All heifers were allowed ad libitum consumption of a control diet for the first 2 weeks of lactation and then offered experimental diets Eor the next 4 weeks. Each 6 cows of twenty four were randomly assigned to 1) a control diet (C) with 35.2% corn silage, 14.4% alfalfa haylage and 50.4% concentrate (dry matter basis), 2) C with 2% calcium stearate (S) substituted for corn grain, 3) C with 2% tallow (T) for corn grain, and 4) C with 10% whole cottonseed (W) for corn grain, cottonseed meal and cottonseed hulls. The remaining 20 heifers were randomly assigned to diets C, S, T, and W, each with 4g/kg isoacids added (CI, SI, TI, and WI). Fat supplementation or isoacid addition did not affect milk production. Addition cf isoacid increased milk fat percentage, 4% fat-corrected milk, milk fat production (kg/day) and dry matter intake. Differences due tc isoacid were greatest when added to W. Increased milk lactose percentage and weight gain were evident in animal receiving WI compared to W ration. Fat supplementation depressed percentages cf milk fat, milk lactose and milk solids-not-fat. Milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were not affected by treatments. Plasma glucose,and glucose and epinephrine challenge parameters were not affected by diet. Peak plasma non-esterified fatty acid response to epinephrine injection, detected at 10 to 12 minites, was similar for C, S, T, and W. Concentrations of individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total VFA in rumen fluid were increased by fat supplements. Isoacid addition increased the amounts of isobutyrate and isovalerate; however, acetate and total VFA concentrations were decreased compared to CI when isoacids were added to high fat diets. The ratio of acetate to propionate was similar for all diets. Digestibilities cf dry matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber were not influenced by diet. The efficiency of energy utilization was highest for control diet. In conclusion, lactational, metabolic, and physiological responses to S, CI, and WI were favorable. Responses to W were lowest. / M.S.

M.S.

Eighty-six crossbred (Duroc x Yorkshire) gilts were used in two trials (50 gilts in Trial 1 and 36 gilts in Trial 2) for an assessment of the effect of supplemental dietary fat during early gestation on fetal survival, fetal development, and fatty acid concentration in gilt plasma and fetal head and body. Three diets contained 4% (w/w) added fat either as coconut, soybean, or fish (menhaden) oils. A fourth diet was used as a control. On d 37 to 45 postbreeding, gilts were slaughtered and numerous fetal and ovarian measurements made. Two sets of four randomly selected fetuses per gilt from Trial 1 were prepared. Blood samples from each gilt were obtained on the day of slaughter for determination of the plasma fatty acid profile. Across both trials, percentage fetal survival did not differ according to treatment, but in Trial 2 fetal survival was higher (P < .06) for gilts fed fish oil, compared with the controls. The fatty acid profile of plasma of gilts and the conceptus tissues were similar; both were influenced by the fatty acid concentration of the diets. The ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids was higher in conceptus tissue than in maternal plasma and the ratio was higher (P < .05) for the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. The relatively high concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in fetal tissues supports the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acids play a role in the development of the pig conceptus and contributes to improve fetal survival. However, the high percentage fetal survival observed in all the treatments may have masked benefits of supplemental oil. / Master of Science

The effects of varied concentrations of a natural sewage grease on the oxidative activities of activated sludge were investigated in an effort to determine the feasibility of using activated sludge as a treatment method for wastes high in grease content. The method employed to measure the oxidative activities of the activated sludge was the standard Warburg respirometer technique. Cumulative net BOD curves were plotted to determine the magnitude of the oxidation. Total grease analyses were performed throughout the test period to establish a definitive pattern of depletion by oxidation. The experimental results indicated that the grease was completely assimulated within 24 hours and that there were no adverse pH changes during the course of oxidation. On the basis of the experimental evidence activated sludge shows great promise as a treatment method for wastes high in grease content. / Master of Science

Master of Science

M.S.