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Dietary energy manipulation on fat deposition and metabolism in broilersZhong, Cheng 07 December 1990 (has links)
The objective of this work was to define the effects of
dietary energy intake on broiler fat deposition and
metabolism. Fatty broilers are one of the major problems in
the broiler industry.
The effects of changing calorie to protein (Cal/Pr)
ratios, and the addition of cellulose or dried distiller's byproduct
(DDBP) in the diet, on abdominal fat deposition, liver
lipogenesis and glucose oxidation and broiler performance
indicated that the mean body weight of broilers fed narrower
Cal/Pr ratio diets (124 and 143 for starter and grower,
respectively) were lower (P<.01) than broilers fed diets with
mid-Cal/Pr ratios (138 and 160) and wide Cal/Pr ratios (147
and 171). Feed conversion was better (P<.01) for broilers fed
the diet with wide Cal/Pr ratio than the broilers fed the diet
with narrow Cal/Pr ratio. Abdominal fat deposition increased
(P<.001) with wide Cal/Pr ratio than narrow Cal/Pr ratio. No
significant differences were found in in vitro liver
lipogenesis and glucose oxidation when Cal/Pr ratio was
widened. Mean body weight, feed conversion and abdominal fat
levels of broilers fed 5% cellulose or 10% DDBP diets were not
different when compared to broilers fed diets with the same
Cal/Pr ratio without these two feed ingredients.
The time-course of the deposition of abdominal fat
fitted a negative exponential growth curve. The data also
indicated that the highest potential for abdominal fat
deposition was during the first two weeks of age. When the
feed intakes of broilers were restricted for a 6 day period
beginning at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, the feed efficiencies
of all the restricted broilers were significantly improved
compared with broilers fed ad libitum. No significant
differences were observed in mean body weight between the
different treatments. The percentage of abdominal fat in
broilers restricted-fed starting either at 1 or 2 weeks old
for a 6-day period were lower (P<.05) than broilers fed ad
libitum. Feed restriction from days 7 to 12 reduced the
adipocyte size but not the number. Feed restriction decreased
(P<.05) lipogenesis at 2 and 8 weeks of age. No significant
effects were found in lipolysis between the restricted and ad
libitum-fed broilers. These studies demonstrate that early
feed restriction (days 7 to 12) reduced abdominal fat
deposition which is attributed to the reduction in the
adipocyte size. Smaller size adipocyte resulted from
decreased activity of lipogenesis. / Graduation date: 1991
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Impact of ethanol expansion on the cattle feeding industryDaley, Erin 17 September 2007 (has links)
The U.S. has a history of producing surplus corn, but the current and projected growth
in ethanol production combined with strong feed and export demand is causing an
overall increase in corn utilization. Although livestock feeders are projected to remain
the largest users of corn, corn utilization can be reduced if ethanol co-products are used
to replace a portion of corn in finishing rations.
The objective of this study was to determine the economic trade-offs for cattle
feeders when facing higher corn prices and increasing supplies of ethanol co-products.
A stochastic partial budget model was used to determine the impact on the cost of gain
when ethanol co-products are substituted into rations at varying inclusion rates. The
model was built for all four major cattle feeding states: Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, and
Colorado. Ration scenarios were developed for each state, based on the research
results of feedlot nutrition and personal communication with feedlot operators. The
various scenarios were simulated to determine the impacts of changing corn prices,
corn processing costs, cattle performance, and feeding and transportation costs for Wet
DistillerâÂÂs Grains with Solubles (WDGS) on the key output variable, cost of gain.
The model results indicated when 15 percent WDGS (on a dry matter basis)
replaces a portion of corn and protein supplement, the simulated cost of gain is lower than the base ration scenario when the feedlot is located within 200 miles of ethanol
production. When feedlots are located more than 200 miles from an ethanol plant,
Dried DistillerâÂÂs Grains with Solubles (DDGS) can be fed to lower the cost of gain;
therefore, ethanol co-products can be fed to help offset potential increases in corn
prices.
The partial budget model is a useful tool for livestock, corn, and ethanol
producers who are attempting to determine the impacts of ethanol expansion on corn
price and utilization. Policy makers can also benefit from the model analysis as they
face decisions in the future regarding ethanol and farm policy alternatives.
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Outcomes of dietitian involvement with leukemia patients receiving total parenteral nutritionMattson, Christine. January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis--PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Studies on the culture of Penaeus monodon, P. schmitti and P. vannamei (Crustacea: Penaeidae) with particular reference to nutritionWigglesworth, John Michael January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
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Novel function of spexin as a satiety factor in feeding controlWong, Ka-hei, 黃家禧 January 2013 (has links)
Spexin (SPX), also called neuropeptide Q (NPQ), is a novel neuropeptide discovered recently using the bioinformatic approach. Except for mammals, SPX has not been reported in lower vertebrates including fish and amphibians. Following its discovery, the biological functions of this peptide in both higher and lower vertebrates are still largely unknown.
To examine the structure and functions of SPX in fish model, molecular cloning of goldfish SPX has been performed and found to be highly comparable to its mammalian counterparts. In goldfish, broad expression of SPX transcripts has been found in various tissues. In vivo feeding studies have revealed that SPX mRNA levels in the telencephalon, optic tectum and hypothalamus of goldfish brain could be elevated by food intake. Brain injection of goldfish SPX, however, inhibited both basal and NPY- and orexin-induced feeding behaviour and food consumption. Similar treatment has also reduced transcript expression of NPY, AGRP and apelin with concurrent rises in CCK, CART, POMC, MCH and CRH mRNA levels in different brain areas examined. The differential effects of goldfish SPX on NPY, CCK and MCH transcript expression could also be noted in vitro in goldfish brain cell culture.
In mice, SPX has been also found to be expressed within the brain-gut axis, including the stomach and specific neuronal subpopulations within the hypothalamus, including the ARC, PVN, DMN, and VMN. Similar to goldfish, feeding has shown to affect SPX mRNA and protein expression. Fasted animals have lower SPX mRNA in the stomach, and lower SPX protein levels in the serum and glandular stomach; the opposite effects have been noted in ad libitumfed animals. Both IP and ICV injection of SPX could produce a short-term feeding inhibitory effect. Furthermore, ICV administration of SPX could also downregulate hypothalamic expression of NPY, NPY5R, AGRP, and GHSR mRNA, and upregulate leptin receptor and MC4R gene expression concurrently.
Taken together, these findings suggests that SPX may act as a satiety factor in vertebrate species. Apparently, SPX expression could be induced by feeding and the neuropeptide could act centrally to inhibit feeding by differentially regulating orexigenic and anorexigenic signals within the CNS. / published_or_final_version / Biological Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy
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ENERGY UTILIZATION IN LAYING HENSValencia, Mauro Eduardo Fernando, 1949- January 1978 (has links)
No description available.
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Feeding behaviour of lions (phanthera leo ) on a small reserveLehmann, MB, Funston, PJ, Owen, CR, Slotow, R 12 November 2007 (has links)
The prey selection and predatory behaviour of a single pride of lions (Panthera leo) was
studied in the 8500 ha Karongwe Game Reserve from 1999–2005. The study focused on the
difference between prey selection in the first three years when a two-male coalition was
present with a similar period thereafter when one of the males was removed and subadult
males dispersed from the pride. A total of 662 kills were recorded, with blue wildebeest
(Connochaetes taurinus), warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), waterbuck (Kobus
ellipsiprymnus), zebra (Equus burchelli) and impala (Aepyceros melampus) being the most
preferred species. Although there was preference for these species, and adult prey were
favoured, there was no significant selection for prey size, age or gender. There was a significant
difference in the number of kills made when the two-male coalition was present as
opposed to the single pride male. The solitary pride male spent significantly more time with
the females and shared most of their kills, and during this period dispersing subadult males
killed a substantial amount of prey when separated from the pride. Knowledge on predator
feeding behaviour is important for managers to assess impact on prey populations in
small reserves in order to manage them correctly, thereby preventing depletion of such
populations.
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The diet breadth of Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae)Schmalzel, Robert James January 1980 (has links)
No description available.
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THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATE LEVEL ON DIGESTIBLE ENERGY INTAKE AND RUMEN VOLATILE FATTY ACID RATIOS BY STEERSParrott, John Calvin, 1943- January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE AND STORAGE TIME ON THE UTILIZATION OF RECONSTITUTED MILOLoynachan, Ted Mac, 1941- January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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