Med denna uppsats ämnar jag att designa fiktiva stammars utseende genom att basera deras utseende på existerande stammars visuella attribut och kulturer, genom en analys. Verket består av en serie bilder som innehåller karaktärsdesigner till det fiktiva spelet ”Feral”. Texten inleds med idén bakom verket och tankar om hur olika människor relaterar till kläder. Efter det så tas syftet och de mål som har definierats upp. Bakgrund och referenser redovisas sedan för att sätta verket i sin tänkta kontext. Metoden redovisas där en beskrivning om vilka böcker och källor har använts samt vilket tillvägagångssätt som använts för att komma fram till resultatet. Därefter kommer resultatredovisningen om analysen och det verk som skapades. Gruppvis redovisas de fiktiva stammarna med de tillhörande referensstammarna. Vilka val som gjordes och hur lösningarna såg ut tas även upp. Sedan följer de resterande stammarna som ingår i verket men med en aning kortare text då enbart 2 av 5 stammar var i fokus. Den centrala slutsatsen som presenteras i rapporten är att de arbetsmetoder som har använts för att skapa karaktärer och dess designer har fungerat väl. Efter det visas skisser som gjorts innan analysen och färdiga designer i del2.

The Big Thicket National Preserve (BTNP) is a unit of the National Park Service whose mission prioritizes conservation of its wildlands in the United States. One threat to natural resources of the BTNP has been impacts associated with feral hog (Sus scrofa) activities. Population numbers of this non-native game species have increased throughout Texas, including areas within the preserve. Recreational hunting permitted by the BTNP has served as a means of controlling hog numbers, although the reported amounts of hog damage to park resources appear to have increased in recent years. Population reduction of feral hogs and mitigation of their impacts require research that documents and validates feral hog impacts on park resources. Here, I evaluated (1) population trends of feral hogs for the past 20 years via data from hunter-card surveys and track-counts, and (2) feral hog impacts on native vegetation for 3 management units of the BTNP. Results from my analysis suggest a nearly 3-fold increase in hog numbers throughout the preserve since 1981. The overall damage to vegetation from hog rooting or wallowing averaged to 28% among the 3 units of the BTNP. Landscape features such as topography, soil moisture, soil type, and dominant vegetative cover types were used to predict hog damage. Floodplains had the most damage in the Big Sandy unit (45%), while flatlands were mostly impacted in the Turkey Creek unit (46%), and uplands in the Lance Rosier unit (32%). Vegetative cover was an important variable in explaining variation in hog damage throughout the 3 units of the preserve. Impacts were more widespread across different vegetative strata than previously believed. Study results also support the premise that hog damage in the BTNP parallels the increase in hog abundance over the past 20 years. A more aggressive program for population reduction of feral hogs and mitigation of their impacts is recommended for the BTNP to continue to meet its legal mandates for conservation.

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) are considered an exotic, free-ranging ungulate distributed within numerous countries and continents to include the United States. The reproductive efficiency, lack of predators, land use practices for domestic livestock (e.g., feeding stations, introduced water sources, intense cropping practices, etc.), and diet are leading factors in the expansion of feral hogs throughout their range. Feral hogs negatively impact floral and faunal communities, agricultural lands, and residential and recreational areas to include concerns with public safety and disease transmission. My study objectives were to (1) assess feral hog abatement strategies by (A) evaluating trap designs with the inclusion of electrical fencing, and (B) evaluating candidate baits for feral hog-specificity, and (2) assess prevalence levels for feral hog diseases. I evaluated 3 corral trap designs differing in the addition of electric fence configurations. Feral hog capture success data were collected and used to determine trap design efficacy. Treatments evaluated included (A) control corral trap with no electrical configurations, (B) corral trap with 1 electrical leg, and (C) corral trap with 2 electrical legs. ANOVA analyses suggest no differences (df = 2, P = 0.758) between trap designs; however, length of trapping effort (i.e., the number of days that trapping occurred) was a significant (df = 6, P < 0.001) factor in determining trap success. Pre-baiting was an important factor in observed trapping success. Trapping success declined after fourth day of continuous trapping. I recommend short, intensive trapping efforts (e.g., <4 days) when using corral traps in feral hog abatement programs. I also evaluated 14 candidate baits (with and without repellant) replicated 40 times to determine feral hog specificity. Three evaluated baits (i.e., PIGOUT™ strawberry, corn, and rice) were selected (df = 2, P < 0.05) more frequently by feral hogs than other combinations. Non-target species (e.g., raccoons) visited baits with repellants less (df = 2, P < 0.05) than baits without repellants. Repellant had no direct impact on feral hog visitation at bait sites. Trapping data also suggests that grains commonly farmed in local or regional areas are more likely to be consumed by feral hogs and, therefore considered in baiting options. Finally, of 412 feral hogs captured, 86 were sampled for prevalence of pseudorabies and Brucella suis. The prevalence of pseudorabies and B. suis was 20.9% and 13.9%, respectively within the study area. Based on disease study results, I recommend that natural resource managers take necessary precautions to protect themselves by wearing protective equipment and equipment and properly cooking feral hog meat. Additionally, resource managers should properly administer vaccinations to domestic and companion animals, and restricting domestic and companion animals from areas of high risk (e.g., carcasses of dead hogs and wallows).

Feral swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) are spreading across North America at an alarming rate. Four Canadian provinces and 39 states within the continental United States now report standing populations of feral pigs. Estimates place the number of feral hogs in Texas >2M, accounting for more than half of the United States population. It is known that feral swine impact local ecology following establishment, with regard to shifts in local flora and fauna. The overall objective of this research was to investigate the role of feral swine in tick-borne pathogen transmission in Texas. The underpinning objectives were to establish host records for tick species parasitizing feral swine, determine the species assemblages associated with feral swine among different ecoregions of Texas, determine by immunoassay to which tick-borne bacteria feral pigs were being exposed, and detect the DNA of tick-borne bacteria by polymerase chain reaction assay in the event of poor or early immune response by the host. Feral pigs (N=432) were harvested from June 2008 to June 2010 using box and corral traps and by aerial gunning. Seven species of ticks, Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, A. maculatum, Dermacentor albipictus, D. halli, and D. variabilis; and Ixodes scapularis, were collected. Immature stages of A. cajennense and A. americanum were collected as well. All classes of feral pigs, gender by age, were infested with ticks. Serum was collected through a multi-organizational effort from 2006 to 2010 and tested by ELISA for previous exposure to tick-borne pathogens in the genera Rickettsia and Ehrlichia (N=888) and Borrelia (N=849). Prevalence percentages by immunoassay were 27.59 percent, 13.18 percent and 2.12 percent for Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Borrelia, respectively. Samples positive by ELISA for exposure to Borrelia were further screened by Western Blot for exposure to Borrelia turicatae. The results were equivocal in most cases. Blood samples (N=233) were collected from 2008 to 2010 and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the DNA of these same three genera of bacteria. Two of the samples were positive by PCR for the presence of Borrelia DNA. Texas feral swine are serving as hosts for at least seven species of ticks and are interacting with tick-borne pathogen transmissions cycles in Texas.

It is widely recognized that livestock industries are vulnerable to intentional or accidental introductions of Foreign Animal Diseases (FADs). Combating disease is difficult because of unknown wildlife-livestock interactions. Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) could harbor and shed disease in areas used by domestic livestock such as cattle (Bos taurus). Extent of risk logically depends on spatio-temporal interactions between species. I used Global Positioning System (GPS) collars on cattle and hogs in combination with a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for detailed analysis on movement patterns of these 2 species on a ranch in southwestern Texas, USA. Motion-triggered video recorders were also utilized to determine interspecific activity patterns. I tested hypotheses that spatio-temporal distributions of domestic cattle and feral hogs on rangeland overlap and that interspecific contact occurs. If these posits are true, it is possible that introduced pathogens like foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) could be transmitted from feral hogs to cattle. Using a rate of 1 GPS fix/15 min (96 fixes/day), I found that spatial distribution of individual hogs and cattle overlapped on both the 95% and 50% kernel area use among 4 seasons. Both cows and feral hogs used Clay Flat, Clay Loam, and Rolling Hardland more so than other range sites. During Summer 2004, riparian zones were the most used feature, identified at 14% (2,760/19,365) of cattle and 70% (445/632) of hog fixes. Other than brush strips, cattle and feral hogs primarily interacted at riparian zones, fencelines, and roads. There were no direct interspecific contacts evident from GPS data, but 3 cases were recorded from video data. Indirect interspecific contacts that may be sufficient for disease transmission occurred much more frequently (GPS = 3.35 indirect contacts/day, video = cows follow hogs: 0.69 indirect contacts/day and hogs follow cows: 0.54 indirect contacts/day). Research results suggested that both species often travel along the same roads and fencelines to water and food sources, especially during extreme heat and low-precipitation conditions. This research provides basic information needed to improve models for management of FAD outbreaks in the U.S., based on specific knowledge of landscape usage and movement patterns of feral hogs and cattle.

<p>Med denna uppsats ämnar jag att designa fiktiva stammars utseende genom att basera deras utseende på existerande stammars visuella attribut och kulturer, genom en analys. Verket består av en serie bilder som innehåller karaktärsdesigner till det fiktiva spelet ”Feral”. Texten inleds med idén bakom verket och tankar om hur olika människor relaterar till kläder. Efter det så tas syftet och de mål som har definierats upp. Bakgrund och referenser redovisas sedan för att sätta verket i sin tänkta kontext. Metoden redovisas där en beskrivning om vilka böcker och källor har använts samt vilket tillvägagångssätt som använts för att komma fram till resultatet. Därefter kommer resultatredovisningen om analysen och det verk som skapades. Gruppvis redovisas de fiktiva stammarna med de tillhörande referensstammarna. Vilka val som gjordes och hur lösningarna såg ut tas även upp. Sedan följer de resterande stammarna som ingår i verket men med en aning kortare text då enbart 2 av 5 stammar var i fokus. Den centrala slutsatsen som presenteras i rapporten är att de arbetsmetoder som har använts för att skapa karaktärer och dess designer har fungerat väl. Efter det visas skisser som gjorts innan analysen och färdiga designer i del2.</p>

Thesis (Hons.)--University of Adelaide, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-64).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 88-89.

In most of the mammalian species the courtship is a very important event preceding the reproduction itself. In some species specific courtship strategies are well described, however, in horses they are not, although courtship may have a major impact on the reproductive success of the individual. In horses (Equus caballus), polygynous mammals with harem type of social organization, courtship naturally involved wide spectrum of behaviour, by contrast, under domestic conditions they almost do not occur. This diploma thesis addresses the courtship and reproduction in semi-feral and domestic horses, specifically Exmoor pony and Merens horse breed, and individual reactions of mares to the stallion in the breeding season. A total of 45 individuals were observed for 240 hours from February to June 2018. We assumed the similarity of courtship within particular couples, but the result of the statistical analysis was the opposite, a high variability in the behavioural pattern repeatability (ICC 0,235-0,832), which, however, did not correlate with individual mare characteristics, i.e. age (ρ=-0,194, p=0,472), parity (t=0,569, p=0,578) or postpartum estrus (t=-0,070, p=0,945). We also assumed that the mare, which would show aggressive behaviour to the stallion during the courtship, would end the courtship by leaving or...

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24469号 / 理博第4968号 / 新制||理||1709(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 伊谷 原一, 教授 村山 美穂 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM