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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The potential of entomopathogenic fungi for control of the leaf-cutting ant

Blowers, Matthew January 1994 (has links)
No description available.
2

The effects of plume property variation on odor plume navigation in turbulent boundary layer flows

Page, Jennifer Lynn. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D)--Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Weissburg, Marc; Committee Member: Hay, Mark; Committee Member: Kubanek, Julia; Committee Member: Webster, Donald; Committee Member: Yen, Jeannette. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
3

Seleção de ingredientes ativos para o controle do cupim subterrâneo Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) /

Casarin, Fabiana Elaine. January 2007 (has links)
Resumo: O cupim exótico Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) é a principal praga responsável por danos econômicos nas áreas urbanas da região sudeste do Brasil. No presente estudo foram realizados testes laboratoriais e de campo para avaliar a eficiência dos ingredientes ativos sulfluramida, hidrametilnona, ácido bórico, fipronil, piriproxifen e ciromazina para uso em iscas de controle desse cupim. Inicialmente, foram realizados experimentos em placas de Petri com o objetivo de selecionar as melhores concentrações de baixa toxicidade e que não fossem repelentes ou inibissem a alimentação dos cupins. As concentrações selecionadas foram usadas em uma segunda etapa de testes, nos quais foram utilizados um número maior de cupins. Os experimentos laboratoriais permitiram a seleção das seguintes concentrações para testes em campo: 0,01 ppm de sulfluramida; 200 ppm de hidrametilnona; entre 12.500 e 15.000 ppm de ciromazina; entre 1.000 e 12.500 ppm de piriproxifen; entre 3.000 e 2.000 ppm de ácido bórico. Somente, o ingrediente ativo fipronil não se mostrou adequado para uso em isca, devido à alta mortalidade obtida em todos os experimentos. Previamente aos testes de campo, foram estimados os territórios e as populações forrageiras das colônias de C. gestroi das áreas escolhidas. Os resultados de campo obtidos para C. gestroi nas áreas I (P.S.), II (L.U.) e III (S.O.R.) mostraram que não ocorreu nenhuma repelência ou inibição do consumo do papelão impregnado com os princípios ativos sulfluramida à 0,1 ppm, hidrametilnona à 400 ppm e ciromazina à 15.000 ppm. Contudo, o número de iscas e as concentrações utilizadas destes produtos não foram suficientes para eliminar nenhuma das colônias estudadas. Os resultados também sugerem que, em colônias naturais, as diferentes fontes alimentares exploradas pelos cupins subterrâneos e a competição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896) is a pest of major economic importance in the urban environments of southeastern Brazil. In this study, we performed laboratory and field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of sulfluramid, hydramethylnon, boric acid, fipronil, pyriproxyfen and cyromazine as active ingredients in bait. In the first experiment, we tested different concentrations of these active ingredients in Petri dishes, searching for the best slow-acting and non-repellent concentrations for this termite. Concentrations selected from the initial experiment were used in a second laboratory experiment using a large number of individuals. From the results of this second experiment we selected the following concentrations to be fieldtested: 0.01 ppm of sulfluramid; 200 ppm of hydramethylnon; between 12,500 and 15,000 ppm of cyromazine; between 1,000 and 12,500 ppm of pyriproxyfen; between 3,000 and 2,000 ppm of boric acid. The data displayed a fast mortality of termites exposed to fipronil, even in small concentrations, therefore demonstrating that it is not a suitable chemical to be used in baits against C. gestroi. For field experiments, we estimated population and territory size from three colonies of C. gestroi present at the experimental site. Field results showed no repellence for site I (P.S.), II (L.U.) and III (S.O.R.) using sulfluramid 0.1 ppm, hydramethylnon 400 ppm, and cyromazine 15,000 ppm. However, the number of baited used at the selected concentrations were not sufficient to totally eliminate the colonies. This result suggests that, in natural colonies of subterranean termites, different food resources and competition, in this case with the native species Heterotermes tenuis, could influence the success of the control programs. / Orientador: Ana Maria Costa Leonardo / Coorientador: Odair Correa Bueno / Banca: Maria Santina de Castro Morini / Banca: José Eduardo Marcondes de Almeida / Banca: Ana Eugenia de C. Campos Farinha / Banca: Alexandre de Sene Pinto / Doutor
4

Hexaflumuron Efficiency and Impact on Subterranean Termite (Reticulitermes spp.) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Gut Protozoa

Perrott, Rachael Carina 26 June 2003 (has links)
The effect of competing food sources on termite consumption of hexaflumuron bait and subsequent mortality was examined. Also, the effect of hexaflumuron on the termite gut fauna was evaluated to determine if hexaflumuron could kill termites via a secondary mode of action. Hexaflumuron consumption in no-choice and choice tests was evaluated at 2d and 5d. Total diet consumption was not different between the treatment groups. Hexaflumuron consumption was reduced by a factor of 3 in the presence of a competing control diet and reduced by a factor of 57 in the presence of an inulin diet. In the choice test, termites preferred inulin over hexaflumuron. Termite mortality after hexaflumuron consumption was quantified at 5d, 15d, 20d, 25d, and 35d in three treatment groups. Mean mortality for termites fed only hexaflumuron diet was significantly higher than termites fed only control diet. Mean mortality for termites given a choice was no different than mortality for termites fed only hexaflumuron or control diet. LT50s for termites fed control diet, hexaflumuron diet, or both diets in the choice test, were 24.4d, 18.7d, and 20.6d, respectively. The choice test LT50 did not differ from the LT50 of either no-choice test. Termites fed only hexaflumuron diet had an earlier LT50 than termites fed only control diet. The effect of hexaflumuron on gut fauna survival was evaluated at 5d and 15d. No significant differences were found in total numbers of protozoa in termites fed either hexaflumuron or control diet. Pyrsonympha was the only protozoa significantly reduced by hexaflumuron consumption. / Master of Science
5

Fontes e níveis de proteína na alimentação do lambari-do-rabo-amarelo: desempenho prdutivo e análise econômica / Sources and protein levels in the diet of lambari-do-rabo-amarelo: productive performance and economic analysis

Sussel, Fábio Rosa 23 November 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como por objetivo desenvolver dietas nutricionalmente adequadas e financeiramente viáveis para o lambari, além de analisar economicamente a viabilidade de produção desta espécie no sistema de tanques-rede como alternativa de renda ao pescador artesanal. Previamente, foram realizados dois ensaios, os quais tiveram por finalidade determinar a densidade de estocagem adequada para lambaris em tanques-rede, bem como ajustar o manejo experimental (sistema de contagem e povoamento, tempo de exposição a anestésicos, dinâmica das biometrias, etc.). Os experimentos foram realizados no verão, entre os meses de janeiro e abril , na UPD de Pirassununga - APTA Polo Centro Leste, em 20 tanques-rede de 1 m3 alocados em tanque escavado de 1,5 m de profundidade, área de 180 m2, renovação de água de 10% ao dia e densidade de povoamento de 450 peixes/m3. No primeiro experimento, que teve início em 16/02/2011 e duração de 63 dias, avaliou-se a substituição da proteína de origem animal por proteína de origem vegetal nas dietas sobre o desempenho produtivo dos lambaris. Embora a substituição de 100% das fontes proteicas de origem animal por vegetal tenha afetado negativamente o ganho em biomassa [Biomassa (g) = 2945g - 2,2 POV], em termos práticos, este resultado é considerado de pouca relevância, já que 220g em 2945g não representam mais que 7% de ganho em peso. O aumento do custo de fórmula em dietas com base proteica de origem animal não justifica a diferença observada. Quanto à composição corporal dos peixes observou-se que houve influência dos tratamentos, sendo que dietas contendo inclusões de 50, 75 e 100% de ingredientes proteicos de origem vegetal proporcionaram maior deposição de extrato etéreo nos peixes. No segundo experimento, com início em 12/01/2012 e término em 12/03/2012, avaliou-se a relação entre níveis de proteína bruta (26 e 36%) e qualidade de ingredientes (basal ou premium) na alimentação e desempenho produtivo do lambari. Não foram observadas diferenças de desempenho produtivo entre os níveis proteicos utilizados, sugerindo que níveis de 26% de proteína bruta podem ser usados para o lambari; no entanto, a escolha de matérias-primas de qualidade é recomendada, já que estas influenciaram no desempenho. Os tratamentos deste experimento não influenciaram na composição corporal dos peixes. As análises bromatológicas de ambas as rações experimentais apresentaram valores condizentes com os propostos na formulação e, portanto, não interferindo no propósito da pesquisa. Complementando os estudos e utilizando os resultados de desempenho produtivo obtidos, realizou-se análise econômica a partir das dietas utilizadas no segundo experimento através do sistema de Partial Budget Analysis in Aquaculture, bem como a projeção de cultivo do lambari em módulos de um a quatro tanques-rede, seguida de análise da viabilidade econômica sob dois cenários de comercialização: R$ 0,30 e 0,20 por unidade. Observou-se que o melhor custo/benefício foi proporcionado pelos peixes alimentados com ração contendo 26% de PB e ingredientes premium, enquanto que a produção de lambaris no sistema de tanques-rede mostrou-se viável, quando comparado com as receitas obtidas por pescadores artesanais, a partir do cultivo em duas unidades de produção (TR), desde que sejam comercializados ao valor de R$ 0,30 por peixe. / This study aimed to develop nutritionally appropriate and financially viable diets for lambari, besides analyze economically the practicability of producing this species in cage system as an alternative f or subsistence fishermen. Previously, two experiments were done, which had the purpose of determin ing the appropriated stocking density for lambaris in cages, as well as adjusting the experimental management (counting and settlement systems, time of exposure to anesthetics, dynamics of biometrics, etc.). The experiments were done on summer, from January to April, in Pirassununga UPD - APTA Polo Centro Leste, in 20 cages of 1m3 allocated in a pond of 180m2, water renovation of 10% a day, and stocking density of 450 fish/m3. The first experiment, which started at 02/16/2011 and lasted 63 days, was about the replacement of animal origin protein by vegetal origin protein in order to evaluate productive performance of lambaris. Although the 100% substitution of protein source from animal by vegetal origin protein had negatively affected the gain in biomass [Biomass (g) = 2945g - 2,2 POV], in practical terms, this result is considered of low relevance, since 220g in 2945g doesn\'t represent more than 7% of weight gain. The increase of cost in diets with animal protein source doesn\'t justify the difference observed. Substitution of more than 50% of POA by POV on diet increased fat deposition on the fish carcass. On the second experiment, which began at 01/12/2011 and was finished at 03/12/2012, it was evaluated the relation between levels of crude protein (26 and 36%) and quality of ingredients (basal or premium) on feeding and productive performance of lambari. Differences of productive performance weren\'t noticed, suggesting that levels of 26% crude protein can be used for lambari, however, the choice of quality raw materials is recommended since it influenced the performance. The treatments in this experiment did not influence body composition of fish. Bromatological analysis of both experimental diets had values consistent with those proposed in the formulation and, therefore, didn\'t interfere on the purpose of this research. Finally, complementing the studies and using the results of productive performance obtained, it was performed an economic analysis was performed from the diets used on the second experiment using the model Partial Budget Analysis in Aquaculture, as well as the projection of lambari cultivation in modules from 1 to 4 cages, followed by an analysis of economic viability in two scenes of commercialization: R$ 0,30 and 0,20 per unit. It was observed that the best cost/benefit was provided by fish fed with diet of 26% crude protein and premium ingredients, whereas the production of lambaris in cage system was viable when compared to incomings obtained by subsistence fishermen, since they are cultivated, at least, in 2 modules of production, and the fish are commercialized for R$ 0,30/unit.
6

Abatement Strategies and Disease Assessment for Feral Hogs in East Texas

Sumrall, Samuel Aaron 2011 May 1900 (has links)
Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) are considered an exotic, free-ranging ungulate distributed within numerous countries and continents to include the United States. The reproductive efficiency, lack of predators, land use practices for domestic livestock (e.g., feeding stations, introduced water sources, intense cropping practices, etc.), and diet are leading factors in the expansion of feral hogs throughout their range. Feral hogs negatively impact floral and faunal communities, agricultural lands, and residential and recreational areas to include concerns with public safety and disease transmission. My study objectives were to (1) assess feral hog abatement strategies by (A) evaluating trap designs with the inclusion of electrical fencing, and (B) evaluating candidate baits for feral hog-specificity, and (2) assess prevalence levels for feral hog diseases. I evaluated 3 corral trap designs differing in the addition of electric fence configurations. Feral hog capture success data were collected and used to determine trap design efficacy. Treatments evaluated included (A) control corral trap with no electrical configurations, (B) corral trap with 1 electrical leg, and (C) corral trap with 2 electrical legs. ANOVA analyses suggest no differences (df = 2, P = 0.758) between trap designs; however, length of trapping effort (i.e., the number of days that trapping occurred) was a significant (df = 6, P < 0.001) factor in determining trap success. Pre-baiting was an important factor in observed trapping success. Trapping success declined after fourth day of continuous trapping. I recommend short, intensive trapping efforts (e.g., <4 days) when using corral traps in feral hog abatement programs. I also evaluated 14 candidate baits (with and without repellant) replicated 40 times to determine feral hog specificity. Three evaluated baits (i.e., PIGOUT™ strawberry, corn, and rice) were selected (df = 2, P < 0.05) more frequently by feral hogs than other combinations. Non-target species (e.g., raccoons) visited baits with repellants less (df = 2, P < 0.05) than baits without repellants. Repellant had no direct impact on feral hog visitation at bait sites. Trapping data also suggests that grains commonly farmed in local or regional areas are more likely to be consumed by feral hogs and, therefore considered in baiting options. Finally, of 412 feral hogs captured, 86 were sampled for prevalence of pseudorabies and Brucella suis. The prevalence of pseudorabies and B. suis was 20.9% and 13.9%, respectively within the study area. Based on disease study results, I recommend that natural resource managers take necessary precautions to protect themselves by wearing protective equipment and equipment and properly cooking feral hog meat. Additionally, resource managers should properly administer vaccinations to domestic and companion animals, and restricting domestic and companion animals from areas of high risk (e.g., carcasses of dead hogs and wallows).
7

Toxicidade de formicidas utilizados em pastagens sobre a formiga não-alvo Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae) e seus efeitos na dinâmica populacional em condições de laboratório /

Tofolo, Viviane Cristina. January 2007 (has links)
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar conhecer os efeitos de três substâncias químicas, sulfluramida, fipronil e clorpirifós, sobre a espécie de formiga não-alvo Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae), respondendo às seguintes questões: as marcas comerciais de iscas formicidas granuladas utilizadas neste trabalho são atrativas a esta espécie de formiga não-alvo ou simplesmente repelentes? Sendo atrativas, qual o comportamento exercido pelas operárias? Elas ingerem as iscas no local ou carregam para o interior do ninho? Há devolução? Em condições de múltipla escolha alimentar, esta atratividade permanece ou ocorre somente na ausência do alimento convencional? No que acarreta o contato direto e indireto das formigas com as iscas? Ocorre mortalidade significativa? Qual dos ingredientes ativos é mais prejudicial? Os produtos são seletivos? Os resultados obtidos através dos testes em laboratório revelaram que, em condições normais de exposição, as operárias de E. brunneum não foram repelidas pelas iscas formicidas. No entanto, não houve atratividade suficiente para induzir o carregamento ou ingestão. Quando esse material foi umedecido, a atratividade aumentou significativamente, permitindo que porções das iscas fossem ingeridas na própria arena de forrageamento ou carregadas para o interior do ninho e distribuídas aos outros indivíduos, não sendo registrada, em nenhum dos tratamentos, a devolução total ou parcial das porções carregadas. Após 48 horas de exposição, os três ingredientes ativos foram tóxicos, de modo que a população foi reduzida em 35,56% no tratamento com clorpirifós, 31,11% com sulfluramida e 30% com fipronil ao final de 20 dias de observação. As iscas à base de fipronil foram mais atrativas que as de sulfluramida e clorpirifós...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work aimed at contributing to a better knowledge on the effects of three chemical substances, sulfluramid, fipronil and chlorpyrifos, on the non-target species of ant Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae), answering the following questions: are the brands of granulated insecticide baits employed in this work attractive to this species of non-target ant or are they just repellent? If attractive, what is the behavior exhibited by the workers? Do they ingest the baits in the spot or take them into the nest? Is there any devolution? Under conditions of multiple food choice, does this attractiveness remain or does it happen only in the lack of the conventional food? What is the outcome of direct or indirect contact between the ants and the baits? Is there significant mortality? Which of the active ingredients is the most harmful? Are the products selective? The results obtained from the tests in laboratory showed that, under conditions of normal exposure, the workers of E. brunneum were not repelled by the insecticide baits. Nevertheless, there was not enough attractiveness as to lead to transporting or ingesting. When the material was moistened, the attractiveness increased significantly, allowing portions of bait to be ingested at the very foraging arena or to be taken into the nest and distributed to the other individuals. Total or partial devolution of the portions carried was not observed in any of the treatments. After a 48 hour exposure the three active ingredients proved to be toxic, for the population was reduced in 35.56% in the treatment with chlorpyrifos, 31.11% with sulfluramid and 30% with fipronil at the end of 20 days of observation. The fipronil based baits were more attractive than the ones based on sulfluramid and chlorpyrifos...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Edilberto Giannotti / Coorientador: Marcos Aparecido Pizano / Banca: Evoneo Berti Filho / Banca: Nivar Gobbi / Mestre
8

Fontes e níveis de proteína na alimentação do lambari-do-rabo-amarelo: desempenho prdutivo e análise econômica / Sources and protein levels in the diet of lambari-do-rabo-amarelo: productive performance and economic analysis

Fábio Rosa Sussel 23 November 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como por objetivo desenvolver dietas nutricionalmente adequadas e financeiramente viáveis para o lambari, além de analisar economicamente a viabilidade de produção desta espécie no sistema de tanques-rede como alternativa de renda ao pescador artesanal. Previamente, foram realizados dois ensaios, os quais tiveram por finalidade determinar a densidade de estocagem adequada para lambaris em tanques-rede, bem como ajustar o manejo experimental (sistema de contagem e povoamento, tempo de exposição a anestésicos, dinâmica das biometrias, etc.). Os experimentos foram realizados no verão, entre os meses de janeiro e abril , na UPD de Pirassununga - APTA Polo Centro Leste, em 20 tanques-rede de 1 m3 alocados em tanque escavado de 1,5 m de profundidade, área de 180 m2, renovação de água de 10% ao dia e densidade de povoamento de 450 peixes/m3. No primeiro experimento, que teve início em 16/02/2011 e duração de 63 dias, avaliou-se a substituição da proteína de origem animal por proteína de origem vegetal nas dietas sobre o desempenho produtivo dos lambaris. Embora a substituição de 100% das fontes proteicas de origem animal por vegetal tenha afetado negativamente o ganho em biomassa [Biomassa (g) = 2945g - 2,2 POV], em termos práticos, este resultado é considerado de pouca relevância, já que 220g em 2945g não representam mais que 7% de ganho em peso. O aumento do custo de fórmula em dietas com base proteica de origem animal não justifica a diferença observada. Quanto à composição corporal dos peixes observou-se que houve influência dos tratamentos, sendo que dietas contendo inclusões de 50, 75 e 100% de ingredientes proteicos de origem vegetal proporcionaram maior deposição de extrato etéreo nos peixes. No segundo experimento, com início em 12/01/2012 e término em 12/03/2012, avaliou-se a relação entre níveis de proteína bruta (26 e 36%) e qualidade de ingredientes (basal ou premium) na alimentação e desempenho produtivo do lambari. Não foram observadas diferenças de desempenho produtivo entre os níveis proteicos utilizados, sugerindo que níveis de 26% de proteína bruta podem ser usados para o lambari; no entanto, a escolha de matérias-primas de qualidade é recomendada, já que estas influenciaram no desempenho. Os tratamentos deste experimento não influenciaram na composição corporal dos peixes. As análises bromatológicas de ambas as rações experimentais apresentaram valores condizentes com os propostos na formulação e, portanto, não interferindo no propósito da pesquisa. Complementando os estudos e utilizando os resultados de desempenho produtivo obtidos, realizou-se análise econômica a partir das dietas utilizadas no segundo experimento através do sistema de Partial Budget Analysis in Aquaculture, bem como a projeção de cultivo do lambari em módulos de um a quatro tanques-rede, seguida de análise da viabilidade econômica sob dois cenários de comercialização: R$ 0,30 e 0,20 por unidade. Observou-se que o melhor custo/benefício foi proporcionado pelos peixes alimentados com ração contendo 26% de PB e ingredientes premium, enquanto que a produção de lambaris no sistema de tanques-rede mostrou-se viável, quando comparado com as receitas obtidas por pescadores artesanais, a partir do cultivo em duas unidades de produção (TR), desde que sejam comercializados ao valor de R$ 0,30 por peixe. / This study aimed to develop nutritionally appropriate and financially viable diets for lambari, besides analyze economically the practicability of producing this species in cage system as an alternative f or subsistence fishermen. Previously, two experiments were done, which had the purpose of determin ing the appropriated stocking density for lambaris in cages, as well as adjusting the experimental management (counting and settlement systems, time of exposure to anesthetics, dynamics of biometrics, etc.). The experiments were done on summer, from January to April, in Pirassununga UPD - APTA Polo Centro Leste, in 20 cages of 1m3 allocated in a pond of 180m2, water renovation of 10% a day, and stocking density of 450 fish/m3. The first experiment, which started at 02/16/2011 and lasted 63 days, was about the replacement of animal origin protein by vegetal origin protein in order to evaluate productive performance of lambaris. Although the 100% substitution of protein source from animal by vegetal origin protein had negatively affected the gain in biomass [Biomass (g) = 2945g - 2,2 POV], in practical terms, this result is considered of low relevance, since 220g in 2945g doesn\'t represent more than 7% of weight gain. The increase of cost in diets with animal protein source doesn\'t justify the difference observed. Substitution of more than 50% of POA by POV on diet increased fat deposition on the fish carcass. On the second experiment, which began at 01/12/2011 and was finished at 03/12/2012, it was evaluated the relation between levels of crude protein (26 and 36%) and quality of ingredients (basal or premium) on feeding and productive performance of lambari. Differences of productive performance weren\'t noticed, suggesting that levels of 26% crude protein can be used for lambari, however, the choice of quality raw materials is recommended since it influenced the performance. The treatments in this experiment did not influence body composition of fish. Bromatological analysis of both experimental diets had values consistent with those proposed in the formulation and, therefore, didn\'t interfere on the purpose of this research. Finally, complementing the studies and using the results of productive performance obtained, it was performed an economic analysis was performed from the diets used on the second experiment using the model Partial Budget Analysis in Aquaculture, as well as the projection of lambari cultivation in modules from 1 to 4 cages, followed by an analysis of economic viability in two scenes of commercialization: R$ 0,30 and 0,20 per unit. It was observed that the best cost/benefit was provided by fish fed with diet of 26% crude protein and premium ingredients, whereas the production of lambaris in cage system was viable when compared to incomings obtained by subsistence fishermen, since they are cultivated, at least, in 2 modules of production, and the fish are commercialized for R$ 0,30/unit.
9

The shiner, and its use as a source of income in Worcester, and Southeastern Worcester County, Massachusetts

Spayne, Robert William January 1959 (has links)
No description available.
10

Effects of angling on mortality and behavior of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

Linkous, Thomas E. January 1975 (has links)
No description available.

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