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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes théoriques et numériques pour calculer la diffusion d'ondes de spin et leur transport balistique à travers deux types de nanomatériaux magnétiques désordonnés de terres rares - métaux de transition, à savoir le cobalt-gadolinium et le fer-gadolinium, comme éléments constitutifs des systèmes de nanojunctions. La modélisation développée dans ce travail décrit proprement les conséquences du désordre caractéristique de ces systèmes, à savoir de type alliage et celui de type structurel. Les méthodes théoriques et numériques développées servent en particulier à explorer les attributs de ces nanojonctions comme des filtres et des éléments de transmission assistée par résonance dans des dispositifs magnoniques. La thèse développe une version dynamique et non-locale pour l'approximation du potentiel (DNLCPA) afin d'étudier la dynamique de spin des systèmes ultraminces magnétiques désordonnés Fe-Gd et Co-Gd. Les potentiels aléatoires dynamiques de diffusion sont dérivés d'une manière inédite, exploitant les propriétés de phase des excitations de spin élémentaires dans le cadre du formalisme de Dyson. La méthode théorique est ensuite développée en deux manières fondamentales différentes, pour l'appliquer convenablement aux nano systèmes désordonnés qui présentent les types de désordre alliage et structurel. L'approche DNLCPA est ensuite conjuguée avec la théorie de raccordement de phase des champs (PFMT) pour étudier le transport balistique d'ondes de spin à travers les nanojonctions Co-Gd et Fe-Gd entre des gUides d'ondes de Co et Fe respectivement. L'approche PFMT-DNLCPA donne pour la première fois une modélisation des propriétés de diffusion et de transport d'ondes de spin incidents sur les nanojonctions, elle réussit à démontrer, modéliser et à quantifier la perte d'énergie en diffusion balistique due à chaque type de désordre. / The aim of this thesis is to develop theoretical and numerical methods to analyze the ballistic spin waves scattering and transport across two types of rare earth - transition metals disordered magnetic nanomaterials, namely the cobalt-gadolinium and the iron-gadolinium types, as building blocks for nanojunction systems. The theoretical computations developed in this work account properly for the consequences of the characteristic disorder present in these systems, whether alloy disorder for the former or structural amorphous-like disorder for the latter. The developed methods serve, in particular, to explore the attributes of these nanojunctions as filters and elements for resonance assisted transmission in a magnonic device. The thesis develops a novel and dynamic non-local version of the coherent potential approximation (DNLCPA), to study the spin dynamics on disordered ultrathin Co-Gd and Fe-Gd magnetic systems. The dynamic random scattering potentials are derived in a completely novel approach, exploiting the phase properties of the elementary spin excitations within the Dyson formalism. This approach is then developed in two different fundamental manners, and applied appropriately for the disordered nanosystems presenting alloy and structural disorder. The DNLCPA approach is incorporated with the phase field matching theory (PFMT) to study the spin waves ballistic transport across the Co-Gd and the Fe-Gd nanojunctions, sandwiched between Co and Fe leads respectively. This PFMT-DNLCPA method yields for the first time the description of the scattering and transport properties for the spin waves incident on the nanojunctions. Furthermore, our computations successfully demonstrate, model and quantify the diffusive energy loss in ballistic scattering due to each type of disorder.

Engineering new solid propellant materials requires optimization of several factors, to include energy density, burn rate, sensitivity, and environmental impact. Equally important is the need for materials that will maintain their mechanical properties and thermal stability during long periods of storage. The nanoscale materials considered in this dissertation are proposed metal additives that may enhance energy density and improve combustion in a composite rocket motor. Density Functional Theory methods are used to determine cluster geometries, bond strengths, and energy densities. The ground-state geometries and electron affinities (EAs) for MnxO?: x = 3, 4, y = 1, 2 clusters were calculated with GGA, and estimates for the vertical detachment energies compare well with experimental results. It was found that the presence of oxygen influences the overall cluster moment and spin configuration, stabilizing ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic isomers. The calculated EAs range from 1.29-1.84 eV, which is considerably lower than the 3.0-5.0 eV EAs characteristic of current propellant oxidizers. Their use as solid propellant additives is limited. The structures and bonding of a range of Al-cyclopentadienyl cluster compounds were studied with multilayer quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM:MM) methods. The organometallic Al-ligand bonds are generally 55-85 kcal/mol and are much stronger than Al-Al interactions. This suggests that thermal decomposition in these clusters will proceed via the loss of surface metal-ligand units. The energy density of the large clusters is calculated to be nearly 60% that of pure aluminum. These organometallic cluster systems may provide a route to extremely rapid Al combustion in solid rocket motors. Lastly, the properties of COOH-terminated passivating agents were modeled with the GPW method. It is confirmed that fluorinated polymers bind to both Al(111) and Al(100) at two Al surface sites. The oligomers HCOOH, CH3CH2COOH, and CF3CF2COOH chemisorb onto Al(111) with adsorption energies of 10-45 kcal/mol. The preferred contact angle for the organic chains is 65-85 degrees, and adsorption energy weakens slightly with increasing chain length. Despite their relatively weak adsorption energies, fluorinated polymers have elevated melting temperatures, making them good passivation materials for micron-scale Al fuel particles.