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Etude de composants passifs hyperfréquences à base de métamatériaux et de ferriteZhou, Tao 06 March 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Ce travail de thèse, qui se rattache au domaine des composants télécom, concerne l'étude de composants passifs élémentaires constitués de lignes de transmission coplanaires alliant ferrite et métamatériaux. Ces composants sont susceptibles de réaliser de nouvelles fonctions en électronique des hautes fréquences en combinant plusieurs phénomènes comme ceux de non réciprocité, des comportements main droite - main gauche et l'agilité en fréquence. Les applications visées portent sur un grand champ de composants microondes comme des antennes, des isolateurs, déphaseurs, coupleurs, filtres - agiles et performants. La modélisation, la fabrication et la caractérisation de ces composants ont été effectuées dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre l'INL et le LT2C. Les outils mis en œuvre dans ce travail comprennent la réalisation de ces composants en salle blanche, leur caractérisation en hyperfréquences (en général jusqu'à 20 GHz), leur simulation par un logiciel commercial de simulation par éléments finis (COMSOL) ainsi que le développement de techniques d'extraction de paramètres (Matlab). La mise en œuvre de ces outils a permis d'appréhender le comportement de ces lignes en termes de constante de propagation et de diagramme de dispersion. Sur le plan pratique, des composants inductifs et/ou capacitifs (capacités à fente ou interdigitées) ont été intégrés à des lignes de transmission coplanaires sur 2 types de substrats. Le premier substrat, diélectrique (Al203), sert de référence, tandis que le second est ferrimagnétique (YIG ou Y3Fe5O12) et présente un effet de non-réciprocité de la propagation du signal dans la configuration retenue. Sur alumine, les valeurs des capacités et des inductances intégrées atteignent 80 fF et 400 pH respectivement. Sur YIG, à partir d'études paramétriques originales sur différentes topologies de structures de test, les effets de non réciprocité attendus ainsi que les phénomènes de résonance gyromagnétique ont bien été mis en évidence. La simulation électromagnétique des structures est validée par un accord correct entre simulations et mesures. Il ressort de cette étude que la non réciprocité d'une ligne sur YIG chargée par des inductances parallèles peut être améliorée jusqu'à 15 dB environ par rapport à une simple ligne coplanaire sur YIG pour certaines bandes de fréquences. Enfin l'agilité en fréquence de la structure de bande des lignes CRLH est établie. Ces travaux ouvrent de très intéressantes perspectives pour le développement de nouveaux composants microondes et sont susceptibles de constituer un socle solide pour une suite des activités dans cette thématique.
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Ferrites de cobalt nanostructurés ; élaboration, caractérisation, propriétés catalytiques, électriques et magnétiquesAjroudi, Lilia, Ajroudi, Lilia 08 October 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Ce travail est consacré à l'élaboration et l'étude des propriétés catalytiques, électriques et magnétiques denanomatériaux à base de ferrite de cobalt. Les nanopoudres de ferrite de cobalt (CoxFe3-xO4 , x=0.6,1,1.2,1.8 ) ont étéélaborées par une nouvelle méthode chimique solvo-thermale. Les nanopoudres obtenues sont très bien cristallisées ontdes tailles de particules qui varient avec le taux de cobalt entre 4 et 7 nm et sont très homogènes en composition. Lesnanopoudres de ferrites de cobalt sont monophasées, de structure spinelle avec un paramètre de maille qui varie enfonction du taux de cobalt. Les nanopoudres de ferrites de cobalt ne s'oxydent pas sous air et en température .Lesnanopoudres de composition proches de x=1 sont stables jusqu'à 900°C, alors que pour de plus forts écarts à lastoechiométrie, des transformations de phase ont lieu au delà de 550°C.Les mesures catalytiques ont mis en évidence l'oxydation de CH4 en CO2 après passage sur le catalyseur pour tous leséchantillons. L'efficacité catalytique est maximale et l'énergie d'activation est la plus faible pour l'échantillon x=1.8 ;ceci est lié à la plus grande surface spécifique, et au plus fort taux de sites actifs pour cette composition.Les ferrites de cobalt élaborées présentent une conduction de type électronique avec un comportement semi conducteurjusqu'à 500-600°C et un comportement métallique au-delà. Les variations de conductivité d'une composition à l'autres'expliquent par les variations du nombre de paires [Co2+,Fe3+].Les nanoparticules ont un comportement superparamagnétique quelle que soit la composition. Ce comportement estdû principalement à un effet de taille et de forme, et à une distribution cationique différente entre les deux types desites tétraédriques et octaédriques de la structure spinelle. Ces ferrites présentent une aimantation à saturation prochede celle de l'état massif, du fait de la grande qualité cristalline attribuée à la méthode d'élaboration mise au point.
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Microstructural Characterization Of Hypoeutectoid Steels Quenched From The Ae1 - Ae3 Intercritical Temperature Range By Magnetic Barkhausen Noise TechniqueBoyacioglu, Beril 01 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis aims to examine the possibility of using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise technique in characterizing the ferritic-martensitic microstructure of hypoeutectoid steels quenched from the intercritical temperature range. For this purpose, rectangular specimens were prepared from SAE 1020, 1040 and 1060 steels. The specimens were heated at different temperatures within the intercritical temperature range and then quenched into water. Microstructures of the specimens were characterized by metallographic examinations and hardness measurements. The measurements of the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) were performed by using both Rollscan and & / #956 / SCAN sensor connectors. It was seen that, for specimens having identical carbon content, Barkhausen emission decreased as the heating temperature increased. Moreover, in specimens heated at the same temperature, Barkhausen emission decreased as the carbon content of the specimen increased. In both cases, the decrease in Barkhausen emission is associated with the increase in martensite content. The results indicate that MBN is inversely proportional to hardness and that MBN is very sensitive to the microstructural condition of the material. It has been shown that using MBN is a powerful tool for evaluating the microstructure of hypoeutectoid steels quenched from the intercritical temperature range and that the use of this technique could be extended to characterize industrial dual phase steels.
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Microstructure Development In Nickel Zinc FerritesOkatan, Mahmut Baris 01 December 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Nickel zinc ferrites (NZF) have been considered as one of the basic components in high frequency electromagnetic applications especially in the field of telecommunications. In the present study, the aim was to produce high quality nickel zinc ferrite ceramics at low soaking temperatures. For this purpose, conventional ceramic manufacturing method based on mixed oxide precursors was followed using calcium fluoride, CaF2, as sintering additive.
During the sintering studies, it was noticed that both the microstructure and the electromagnetic properties of the NZF ceramics were modified to a great extent by CaF2. Therefore, material characterization studies involving microstructural, dielectric and magnetic properties were conducted with respect to CaF2 content of ceramics and soak duration.
The results showed that due to the presence of CaF2 in ceramics, significant improvements were achieved not only in kinetics of sintering but also in the parameters / DC electrical resistivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. For example, 1.0 wt% CaF2 added NZF ceramic produced in this study had a DC electrical resistivity of 1011 & / #61527 / -cm which was 100,000 times bigger than the one attained in pure NZF ceramic. On the other hand, the dielectric constant exhibited a flat behavior up to 40 MHz with a value around 16. In addition, no resonance peak was observed in dielectric loss factor spectra, and the typical values of dielectric loss factor lied below 0.01. Besides the achievements mentioned, the magnetic properties such as relative magnetic loss factor and hysteresis parameters were also improved.
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Flexible magnetic composite for antenna applications in radio frequency identification (RFID)Martin, Lara Jean 17 March 2008 (has links)
This work includes formulation of mechanically flexible magnetic composites and application to a quarter-wavelength microstrip patch antenna benchmarking structure operating in the lower UHF spectrum (~300-500 MHz) to investigate capability for miniaturization. A key challenge is to introduce sufficiently low magnetic loss for successful application. Particles of NiZn ferrite and BaCo ferrite, also known as Co2Z, were characterized. Flexible magnetic composites comprised of 40 vol% NiZn ferrite or BaCo ferrite particles in a silicone matrix were formulated. Effects of treating the particles with silane in the formulation process were not detectable, but larger particle size showed to increase complex permittivity and complex permeability. By comparing complex permittivity and complex permeability of the composites, BaCo ferrite was selected for the antenna application. Antennas on the developed magnetic composite and pure silicone substrates were electromagnetically modeled in a full-wave FEM EM solver. A prototype of the antenna on the magnetic composite was fabricated. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results was found. Comparison of the antennas on the magnetic composite versus the pure silicone substrate showed miniaturization capability of 2.4X and performance differences of increased bandwidth, reduced Q, and reduced gain. A key finding of this study is that a small amount of permeability (relative permeability ~2.5) can provide relatively substantial capability for miniaturization, while sufficiently low magnetic loss can be introduced for successful application at the targeted operating frequency. The magnetic composite showed the capability to fulfill this balance and to be a feasible option for RFID applications in the lower UHF spectrum.
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Core loss characterization and design optimization of high-frequency power ferrite devices in power electronics applications /Gradzki, Pawel Miroslaw. January 1992 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-250). Also available via the Internet.
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FRITTAGE ET MAITRISE DE LA MICROSTRUCTURE DE CERMETS : REDUCTION, DENSIFICATION, CROISSANCEClauss, A. 25 October 2006 (has links)
Cette thèse a porté sur le frittage et la maîtrise de la microstructure de matériaux cermets à base de ferrites de nickel et de cuivre. Des essais<br />macroscopiques (thermogravimétrie, dilatométrie) ont été associés à des observations microstructurales fines au cours de cycles thermiques de frittage<br />sous atmosphère contrôlée.<br />Différentes étapes de réduction des phases oxydes en présence de liant organique ou sous gaz hydrogéné ont été mises en évidence. Les mécanismes ont<br />été analysés et modélisés sur la base des diagrammes thermodynamiques adéquats.<br />Pour des pièces centimétriques, le paramètre pertinent est non pas la pression partielle d'oxygène du four mais la quantité d'oxygène dans les phases<br />solides.<br />Les variations de proportions et de compositions des phases avec la température entraînent des échanges entre les phases, qui ont été analysés en terme<br />de forces chimiques de frittage. Celles-ci contribuent à la densification par les réarrangements associés de la structure granulaire.
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Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas magnéticas de ferrita de níquel para detecção de ácido ascórbico e peróxido de hidrogênioFracari, Tiago Ost January 2018 (has links)
Neste estudo apresenta-se a síntese de duas amostras de nanopartículas de ferrita de níquel, denominadas C-NiFe2O4 e NiFe2O4, através de um método simples, de baixo custo e ambientalmente amigável. Estudos morfológicos, estruturais, eletrônicos, ópticos e magnéticos foram realizados com o intuito de caracterizar as propriedades desses materiais para que possibilitassem, além de maior grau de conhecimento, sua aplicação como sensores colorimétricos para detecção de ácido ascórbico e peróxido de hidrogênio. Mediante a análise térmica dos precursores, foi possível determinar os intervalos de temperatura de decomposição, assim como a temperatura ótima de formação das nanopartículas. A amostra NiFe2O4 é ferromagnética e corresponde a uma fase cúbica de espinélio inverso. Os dados de difração de raios X, espectroscopia Mössbauer e o modelo iônico sugerem a presença de um certo grau de substituição, possuindo em sua estrutura um cátion divalente como agente dopante. As nanopartículas de C-NiFe2O4 foram utilizadas como catalisador na oxidação do 3,3',5,5'-tetrametilbenzidina (TMB) em meio ácido para formar uma solução azul sem adição de outro reagente. Como resultado foi utilizado como sensor colorimétrico para detecção de ácido ascórbico, visto que este reduz o complexo de transferência de carga, TMBOX, novamente para TMB. A calibração analítica apresentou uma faixa linear entre 1-20 μM para a concentração de ácido ascórbico, com limite de detecção (3/m) de 0,93 μM. A determinação em suplementos de vitamina C através do método de adição de padrão mostrou a eficiência do sensor para detectar ácido ascórbico em amostras reais. Já a amostra de NiFe2O4 demonstrou atividade catalítica semelhante as peroxidases naturais, oxidando o TMB na presença de H2O2 para formar TMBOX, que dá coloração azul a solução. Dessa forma, NiFe2O4 foi utilizado em um sensor colorimétrico para detecção de H2O2 e a calibração analítica revelou duas faixas lineares, uma entre 2,28 - 28,60 μM e a outra entre 28,60 μM - 114,20 μM. O limite de detecção (3/m) foi de 1,94 μM. Ambos os métodos apresentaram boa repetibilidade, com coeficiente de variação de 3,5% e 4% respectivamente. / This study presents the synthesis of two samples of nickel ferrite nanoparticles, termed C-NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4, through a simple, low cost and environmentally friendly method. Morphological, structural, electronic, optical and magnetic studies were carried out with the aim of characterizing the properties of these materials, which allowed the application of colorimetric sensors for the detection of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Through the thermal analysis of the precursors, it was possible to determine the decomposition temperature ranges, as well as the optimum temperature of formation of the nanoparticles. The sample NiFe2O4 is ferromagnetic and corresponds to a cubic phase of inverse spinel. The X-ray diffraction data, Mössbauer spectroscopy and the ionic model suggest the presence of a certain degree of substitution, having in its structure a divalent cation as a doping agent. The C-NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were used as catalysts in the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in acidic medium to form a blue solution without addition of another reagent. As a result, it was used as a colorimetric sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid, as it reduces the charge transfer complex, TMBOX, again to TMB. The analytical calibration showed a linear range between 1-20 μM for the concentration of ascorbic acid, with a detection limit (3 /m) of 0.93 μM. The determination of vitamin C supplements using the standard addition method showed the efficiency of the sensor to detect ascorbic acid in actual samples. Already NiFe2O4 sample demonstrated catalytic activity similar to natural peroxidases, oxidizing the TMB in the presence of H2O2 to form TMBOX, which gives blue coloration to the solution. Thus, NiFe2O4 was used in a colorimetric sensor to detect H2O2, and the analytical calibration revealed two linear ranges, one between 2.28 - 28.60 μM and the other between 28.60 μM - 114.20 μM. The detection limit (3 /m) was 1.94 μM. Both methods presented good repeatability, with a coefficient of variation of 3.5% and 4% respectively.
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Analysis, Simulation and Measurements of CBS Antennas Loaded with Non-Uniformly Biased Ferrite MaterialJanuary 2012 (has links)
abstract: When ferrite materials are used in antenna designs, they introduce some interesting and unique performance characteristics. One of the attractive features, for example, is the ability to reconfigure the center frequency of the antenna. In addition, ferrite materials also introduce a number of challenges in the modeling and simulation of such antennas. In order for the ferrite material to be useful in an antenna design, it usually is subjected to an external magnetic field. This field induces the internal magnetic field inside the ferrite material. The internal field plays a pivotal role in the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Thus, from the numerical point of view, accurate computation of this field is critical to the overall accuracy of the analysis. Usually the internal field is non-uniform and its computation is often a rather complex and non-trivial task. Therefore, to facilitate the modeling, simplifying assumptions, which introduce some kind of averaging, are often made. In this study, ferrite-loaded cavity-backed slot antennas are used to demonstrate that averaging procedures can lead to very unsatisfactory results. For instance, it is common practice to assume that the external field is uniform by averaging its distribution. One of the pivotal points in this study is the demonstration that the external magnetic field plays a very significant role and should be included in the modeling without averaging, if the accurate results are to be attained. Results presented in this study clearly support this argument. A procedure which avoids such averaging is presented and verified by comparing simulations with measurements. In contrast to the previous formulations, the modeling methodology developed in this dissertation leads to accurate results which compare very well with measurements for both uniform and non-uniform field distributions. The utility of this methodology is especially evident for the case when the magnetic field is severely non-uniform. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2012
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Etude du procédé de fabrication de noyaux ferrimagnétiques complexes par mise en forme isostatique : application aux transformateurs intercellulaires / Study of the manufacturing process of complex ferrimagnetic cores by isostatic forming : application to intercellular transformersLe, Trong Trung 01 July 2016 (has links)
Les besoins actuels en électronique de puissance concernent principalement la fiabilité et l'augmentation de la densité de puissance. Dans les deux cas, ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler l'intégration de puissance constitue une solution. Les problèmes de fiabilité peuvent être résolus par la diminution du nombre d'interconnexions et par la maitrise complète de la réalisation des convertisseurs et, ceux liés à la densité de puissance, par la réduction des dimensions et par la mutualisation d'un certain nombre de fonctions: intégration des passifs, substrats fonctionnalisés, composants de couplage... Ceci passe nécessairement par une stratégie de choix de structures de conversion permettant de répondre à ces questions. Les convertisseurs multi-niveaux, multicellulaires entrelacés sont un exemple de structure permettant de réduire la taille et le volume des composants magnétiques. Le point clé de ces structures réside dans le partage des flux magnétiques entre les différentes phases du convertisseur via un transformateur intercellulaire (ICT). Ce type de composant permet l'entrelacement de nombreuses cellules de commutation. Il consiste en un noyau magnétique de forme spécifique et souvent complexe. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse concernent le développement de technologies permettant la réalisation de composants magnétiques de type ICT en vue de leur intégration. Les principales propriétés du matériau (magnétiques et diélectriques) nécessaires à la réalisation de ce type de composant nous ont conduits à choisir une ferrite de type Ni0,30Zn0,57Cu0,15Fe2O4 susceptible de s'adapter tant aux fréquences de fonctionnement qu'à la gamme de puissance envisagée. Différents procédés de mise en œuvre (et les paramètres qui leur sont associés) ont été étudiés. Il s'agit soit du formage, via l'utilisation de moules souples ou encore du pressage isostatique, et de l'usinage soit à cru soit après frittage. Concernant l'usinage, deux systèmes distincts nous ont permis la mise en forme des noyaux complexes soit en 2 D soit en 3D. Les résultats de cette démarche tant en termes d'objet que de propriétés du composant, sont présentés. L'influence des différents paramètres utilisés lors de la réalisation (température de frittage, pression,...) sur les caractéristiques finales est aussi étudiée. / Current issues in power electronics are mainly related to the reliability and the increase in the power density. In both cases, what is called power integration is proposed as the solution. Reliability issues can be solved by reducing the number of interconnections and by the full design and elaboration of converters; and those related to the power density are addressed by reducing the dimensions and the mutualization of a number of functions: integration of passive components, embedded substrates, coupling components... This necessarily involves the choice of a strategy for converting structures. Multilevel converters, interleaved multicellular converters are an example of structures that reduce the size and volume of magnetic components. The key point of these structures is the sharing of magnetic flux between the different phases of the converter via an intercellular transformer (ICT). This type of component allows interleaving many switching cells. It consists of a magnetic core of specific, often complex and shape. The work done in this thesis concerns the development of technologies for the realization of ICT magnetic components for their integration. The main material properties (magnetic and dielectric) necessary for the implementation of this type of component oriented us towards a ferrite Ni0,30Zn0,57Cu0,15Fe2O4 able to work at the proposed operating frequencies and power range. Various elaboration processes (and the parameters associated with them) were studied. It is either forming, through the use of flexible molds or by isostatic pressing, and machining either raw or after sintering. By machining, two separate systems have enabled us obtaining complex magnetic cores either in 2D or in 3D. The results of this approach in terms of object and component properties are presented. The influence of various parameters used during the production (sintering temperature, pressure,...) on the final characteristics is also investigated.
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