AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MARGARET MARZIYE ANDERSON, for the Masters of Science degree in Forestry, presented on September 12th, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. FIRE AND FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH AND EXPANSION OF EXISTING NATIVE CANEBRAKES [ARUNDINARIA GIGANTEA (WALT) MUHL] IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Jon Schoonover Giant cane [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt) Muhl.], a native bamboo, is an integral component of bottomland forests in the southeastern United States. Cane occurs as monodominant stands, also known as canebrakes, which historically covered vast areas of land. As a result of land conversion, overgrazing and altered fire regimes, an alarming 98% reduction of canebrakes has occurred. Due to the ecological significance of giant cane as wildlife habitat, a riparian buffer, its role in soil stabilization and potential as woody biomass, restoration interest has increased. Research with planted cane indicated fertilization and burning had interacting effects on cane growth, however in remnant natural stands, the influence of burning and fertilization on canebrake growth and spread is unknown. This study examined the survival and growth response of cane to burning and fertilization in remnant stands to provide guidance for rehabilitation, restoration and management. Four treatment plots were replicated eight times across seven sites in canebrakes growing in riparian zones adjacent to agricultural fields in the Cache River Watershed, Illinois. The four treatments were randomized factorial design of: 1) burning, 2) fertilization, 3) burning/fertilization, or 4) control. Within treatment plots, two interior and three exterior 1-m² subplots were randomly established to measure culm density (stems/ha), height (cm), diameter (mm), and spread (increase in live culm density by the outward movement from interior subplots into exterior subplots) prior to treatment and after one and two growing seasons. Fertilized and fertilized/burned plots were treated in summers of 2011 and 2012 with a half corn rate of nitrogen (56 kg ha-1), phosphorus (22 kg ha-1), and potassium (37 kg ha-1). Prescribed burning took place in March 2012. Data were analyzed using a three way analysis of variance (fire, fertilization and subplot) (α = 0.05). At year 0 (2011), culm density, height and diameter were not significantly different among treatments. By year 2, live culm density in interior plots slightly increased, however density in exterior plots tended to more than double, indicating canebrake expansion over time. Fertilization tended to increase height and had little effect on cane diameter. Research suggests that cane typically increases in both height and diameter simultaneously, suggesting that fertilization only partially provides the resources needed to stimulate growth. Further analysis on fertilization application rates and timing may be necessary to ascertain the efficiency of its role in culm growth and development. Giant cane responded to prescribed burning through a decrease in height and culm diameter. However, fire increased culm density through stimulation of the growth of new culms. In addition, though fire consumed a portion of existing culms, the canebrake emerged vigorously, demonstrating prescribed fire's utility as a tool for land managers to reduce competition and increase canebrake health and expansion.

xi, 103 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Although outcrossing is the most widespread mating system among animals and plants, the reason for this prevalence is not fully understood. Evolutionary theory has classified the potential selective pressures driving the evolution and maintenance of outcrossing into two broad categories: deleterious mutations and changing ecological conditions. Despite the inherent advantages of self-fertilization, exposure to either or both of these selective pressures is predicted to favor outcrossing over self-fertilization. I tested these predictions using experimental evolution in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans with genetically modified rates of outcrossing and selfing. I found that outcrossing reduces the fixation of deleterious mutations under mutation influx and that outcrossing expedites adaptation to a bacterial pathogen. Further, I identified facultative outcrossing, a novel life history characteristic, in specific C. elegans strains that predominantly reproduce by selfing but engage in outcrossing when stressed. The shift from a primarily selfing mating system to a predominantly outcrossing system is similar to the environmentally induced facultative sex observed in asexual species, which is thought to enable more rapid adaptation. Facultative outcrossing, although not previously documented, may play a major role in the life histories of many highly selfing species. Finally, most mutations are deleterious and therefore elevated mutation rates are generally thought to produce progressively larger reductions in fitness. Using the chemical mutagen ethylmethanesulfonate, I found the surprising result that populations exposed to a mutation rate at least fifty times greater than natural rates exhibited significantly greater fitness than populations exposed to substantially lower mutation rates. This unexpected fitness optimum may be the result of a volatile balance between the influx of deleterious mutations and compensatory mutations. This work confirms the predictions of several long-standing evolutionary theories by identifying both deleterious mutations and changing ecological conditions as selective pressures capable of driving the evolution and maintenance of outcrossing. These selective pressures, which are ubiquitous in nature, may explain the prevalence of outcrossing relative to selling. This dissertation includes previously published and co-authored materials. / Committee in charge: Barbara Roy, Chairperson, Biology; Patrick Phillips, Advisor, Biology; Karen Guillemin, Member, Biology; William Bradshaw, Member, Biology; Douglas Kennett, Outside Member, Anthropology

This work is part of a study of wet meadows within the project GA CR 526/09/1545. The objective of the project is to determine the importance of newly assimilated carbon for the plat-soil interactions of plants with in wet grassland ecosystems in changing environmental conditions. As part of this project, a wet grassland ecosystem near Hamr situated in the Nežárka river floodplain was assessed in terms of aboveground production. This work includes data from 2010 and 2011. Each year the biomass was sampled two times. At each sampling, 24 samples were collected from plots differing in the intensity of fertilization. The treatments included high intensity of fertilization, low intensity of fertilization and no fertilization. In 2010, the annual production of aboveground biomass was 863.88 gm-2 on plots with a high intensity of fertilization, 788.46 gm-2 on plots with low intensity of fertilization and areas 839.69 gm-2 on unfertilized plots. In 2011 the annual production of aboveground biomass was 1149.71 gm-2 on plots with high fertilization, 953.73 gm-2 in plots with low fertilization, and 930.25 gm-2 on plots without fertilization.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-11. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:29:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000853508.pdf: 567435 bytes, checksum: 8cbde09a618b33ffdab82f11efaa1cc2 (MD5) / A área plantada com eucalipto no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul continua em expansão, no entanto, os custos de produção tem aumentado, especialmente dos fertilizantes, reduzindo significativamente a rentabilidade dos produtores. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento do clone de eucalipto I-144 e seu estado nutricional em função da aplicação de doses de nitrogênio, fosforo e potássio e, parcelamento do N e K 2 O, em solo de textura arenosa no Cerrado, com baixos teores de P, K e matéria orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, fundo agrícola administrado pela Cargill Agrícola S/A, localizado no município de Três Lagoas/MS. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 (controle - sem adubação NPK); T2 (Dose padrão e parcelamento de N e K 2 O em 3 aplicações); T3 (Dose reduzida com parcelamento de N e K 2 O em 2 aplicações); T4 (Dose padrão com parcelamento de N e K 2 O em 2 aplicações); T5 (Dose reduzida com parcelamento de N e K 2 O em 1 aplicação) e T6 (Dose padrão com parcelamento de N e K 2 O em 1 aplicação). Foram avaliados o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), a altura de plantas, o volume de madeira com casca e determinadas às concentrações de macronutrientes nas folhas e no solo. A não fertilização do eucalipto resulta na redução do crescimento das plantas. O desenvolvimento do eucalipto clone I-144 aos 36 meses de idade não difere para doses e parcelamento de N e K 2 O / The planted area of eucalyptus in Mato Grosso do Sul continues to expand; however, production costs have increased, especially fertilizer, thus, reducing the profitability of producers. In this context, it was aimed to evaluate the growth of eucalyptus clone I-144 and its nutritional status according to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and split-application of N and K 2 O, in sandy soil in Cerrado, with low rates of P and K. The experiment was performed at the Renascença Farm, agricultural fund managed by Cargill Agricola S/A, located in Três Lagoas/MS. It was arranged in a randomized complete blocks experimental design with six treatments and five replications. The treatments were the following: T1 (control - without NPK); T2 (standard rate, the split-application of N and K 2 O, in 3 applications); T3 (reduced rate, the split-application of N and K 2 O, in 2 applications); T4 (standard rate, the split-application of N and K 2 O, in 2 applications); T5 (reduced rate of N and K 2 O, in 1 application) and T6 (standard rate of N and K 2 O, in 1 application). It was evaluated the diameter at breast height (DBH), the plant height, the volume of wood with bark and certain macronutrient concentration in the leaves and soil. The eucalyptus without fertilization results in reduced growth of the plants. The development of the eucalyptus clone I-144 after 36 months old does not differ for rates and split-application of N and K 2 O

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bardiviesso_dm_me_botfca.pdf: 435322 bytes, checksum: 356ce0e92c390cb5a0219bae0f6769bc (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A citricultura é um segmento de grande importância para a estrutura sócio-econômica brasileira, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor mundial de laranja. A fertirrigação é uma técnica que está cada vez mais se expandindo no cenário da citricultura. A aplicação de fertilizantes via fertirrigação é geralmente realizada através de doses preestabelecidas, sem o adequado monitoramento do estado nutricional da planta e das condições do solo. O manejo inadequado da fertirrigação pode ocasionar desequilíbrios nutricionais, além disso, tais desordens podem provocar efeitos negativos quanto á produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Sendo assim, tal técnica deve receber atenção especial quanto ao seu manejo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de cinco doses de N e K2O fornecidas via fertirrigação, sobre a produção e o estado nutricional de laranjeiras, e observar a sensibilidade das técnicas de análise de seiva, intensidade de coloração verde das folhas e solução do solo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Reginópolis-SP, em um pomar composto por laranjeiras da variedade ‘Valência’ sobre o porta-enxerto citrumelo ‘Swingle’, com 8 anos, durante o período de setembro de 2010 a agosto de 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco doses de N e K2O, 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% e 200%, em relação a recomendação convencional, que foi baseada nos resultados de análises de solo e folha e no histórico de produção. Para avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas e a dinâmica dos nutrientes no solo foram realizadas análises de solo, solução do solo, foliar, seiva e intensidade de coloração verde das folhas. A produção também foi avaliada. A elevação das doses de N e K2O promoveram... / The citrus industry is a segment of great importance to socioeconomic structure in Brazil, Brazil is the biggest producer of orange. Fertigation is a technique that is expanding in the citrus. The application of fertilizers through fertigation is usually done through pre-established rates, without adequate monitoring of the nutritional status of plant and soil conditions. The mismanagement of fertigation can cause nutritional imbalances, in addition, such disorders can cause negative effects on productivity and fruit quality. Therefore, this technique should receive special attention as to their management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different rates of N and K2O supplied by fertigation on the production and nutritional status of orange trees, and to assess the sensitivity analysis techniques sap, intensity of green leaves and the soil solution. The experiment was conducted in Reginópolis-SP, in an orange orchard composed of the variety 'Valencia' on the rootstock 'Swingle' citrumelo, with eight years during the period September 2010 to August 2011. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replicates, the treatments consisted of five rates of N and K2O, 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% and 200% over the conventional recommendation , which was based on results of soil and leaf analysis and production history. To assess the nutritional status of plants and nutrient dynamics in soil were performed to analyze soil, soil solution, leaf sap and intensity of green leaves. The production was evaluated too. The increasing levels of N and K2O promoted a reduction of pH, electrical conductivity and increased the levels of N-NH4, N-NO3, K, Mg, B, Cu and Mn in soil solution. The intensity of green leaves and the concentration of N-NO3, Ntotal and Mn in the sap... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ripardo_aks_me_botfca.pdf: 2207434 bytes, checksum: 268b16c74bac688318849a6cac26bf17 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O maracujá ‘Roxinho do Kênia’ é uma fruta que pode transformar-se numa fonte de renda importante para o agricultor, devido ao elevado valor pago no mercado europeu pela fruta in natura. A nutrição mineral é essencial para elevar a produtividade e melhorar a qualidade dos frutos, sendo o nitrogênio e o potássio os nutrientes mais absorvidos pelo maracujazeiro. Considerando a falta de estudos sobre as quantidades de N, P, K na cultura do maracujazeiroroxo, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento, produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do maracujazeiro ‘Roxinho do Kênia’ (Passiflora edulis var. edulis Sims), quanto a doses crescentes de NPK. O experimento foi implantado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. O delineamento estatístico foi em blocos ao acaso, empregando-se doses de NPK (20-05-20): 140, 200, 260, 320, 380 e 440 g/planta, com quatros repetições. As mudas foram plantadas no espaçamento de 2,50 x 2,50m, contendo quatro plantas por parcela. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: altura da planta com 30, 46, 63, 77 e 92 dias pós-plantio; diâmetro do tronco a 30 cm do solo com 30, 46, 63, 77, 92 e 107 dias pósplantio; produção; produtividade; classificação dos frutos por tipo com posterior contagem e pesagem; análise do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e vitamina C. O aumento nas doses de NPK não influenciou no crescimento em altura e diâmetro do caule das plantas na maioria dos tempos avaliados, porém aos 92 e 107 dias, respectivamente, houve efeito significativo para as doses; a adubação com NPK não influenciou nos demais parâmetros avaliados / The passion fruit 'Roxinho of Kênia' is a fruit that can become an important source of income for the farmer because of the high price paid in the European market for fresh fruit. The mineral nutrition is essential to raise productivity and improve fruit quality, with nitrogen and potassium nutrients most absorbed by passion. Considering the lack of studies on the amounts of N, P and K in the culture of the purple passion fruit, this study aimed to evaluate the development, productivity and quality of passion fruit Roxinho of Kênia (Passiflora edulis var. Edulis Sims), as to increasing levels of NPK. The experiment was established on the Experimental Farm Lageado belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in Botucatu, São Paulo. The statistical design was randomized blocks, using increasing doses of NPK (20-05-20) at doses of 140, 200, 260, 320, 380 and 440 g / plant, with four replications. Seedlings were planted at a spacing of 2.50 x 2.50 m, containing four plants per plot. The parameters evaluated were: plant height at 30, 46, 63, 77 and 92 days after planting, trunk diameter 30 cm of soil with 30, 46, 63, 77, 92 and 107 days after planting; production, productivity; classification fruit type with subsequent counting and weighing, analysis of Brix, acidity and vitamin C Increasing doses of NPK had no effect on growth in height and stem diameters of plants in most time periods studied, but at 92 and 107 days, respectively, there was a significant effect for the doses, the NPK fertilizer did not influence the other parameters were

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_hs_me_botfca.pdf: 735411 bytes, checksum: 6b64d742d955795c7db914d10a47c793 (MD5) / Embora existam recomendações de adubação para o cultivo comercial de abobrinha-de-moita, são escassos os trabalhos de pesquisa que relacionam o efeito da adubação potássica em cobertura sobre a produtividade e qualidade desta cultura. Assim, faz-se a necessidade de determinar doses deste nutriente em cobertura que auxiliem estas recomendações. Dessa forma, foram conduzidos ensaios no outono e na primavera na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da FCA-UNESP, em São Manuel-SP, Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram cinco doses de potássio em cobertura (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg K2O ha-1). Nos dois experimentos foram avaliadas as características químicas do solo ao final do cultivo, características vegetativas das plantas ao final do cultivo (altura, número de folhas, massa fresca e seca da parte vegetativa), características químicas da parte aérea (teor de macronutrientes na fase de diagnose foliar, teor de macronutrientes na parte vegetativa e no fruto ao fim do cultivo e a extração de macronutrientes na parte aérea ao fim do cultivo), características de produção de frutos (número de frutos totais e comerciais, produção total e comercial). No experimento de primavera, além destas características, também foram avaliadas o teor de macronutrientes nos frutos das colheitas semanais e as características de qualidade de frutos (pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis, relação sólidos solúveis e acidez total titulável, açúcares redutores e textura). Para a comparação das características comuns das duas épocas de experimentação foi realizada a análise estatística conjunta. Ocorreu aumento linear para as características teor de potássio no solo no outono e primavera, nas folhas diagnose... / Although there are fertilizer recommendations for commercial cultivation of summer squash, there are few research papers that relate the effect of potassium fertilizer in topdressing on productivity and quality of the crop. Thus, is necessary to determine doses of this nutrient to assist in covering these recommendations. Thus, experiments were conducted in the fall and spring on the Experimental Farm Manuel, the FCA-UNESP, São Manuel-SP, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were five levels of potassium fertilization (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg K2O ha-1). In both experiments were evaluated soil chemical characteristics at the end of the cycle, vegetative characteristics of plants at the end of the cycle (plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry mass of shoots) at the end of the cycle, the chemical characteristics of the plant ( macronutrients in the phase of leaf analysis, macronutrients in the vegetative plant parts and fruit at the end of the cycle and the extraction of nutrients in the plant at the end of the cycle), characteristics of fruit yield (fruit number and total trade, total output and commercial). In the spring experiment, and these characteristics were also assessed the macronutrient composition of the fruits of the weekly harvest and fruit quality characteristics (pH, total acidity, soluble solids, soluble solids and total acidity, reducing sugars and texture). For comparison of common features of two seasons of experimentation was performed statistical joint analysis. There was a linear increase of the characteristics of the potassium content in soil in autumn and spring, diagnosis leaves in autumn, the vegetative plant parts in spring and fruit in late season in the fall to the extent that increased doses... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_ces_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1119134 bytes, checksum: 2a9658153aec069a334942b772885d58 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente estudo objetivou identificar o perfil eletroforético seminal, as características do espermograma e fertilidade in vitro, do sêmen de touros proveniente dos períodos pré e pós-indução do processo degenerativo testicular por insulação. Para isso, foram selecionados quatro animais da raça Nelore, com idade entre trinta e trinta e seis meses. Amostras de sêmen foram colhidas três dias antes (P0) da indução do processo degenerativo e, sete (P7), quatorze (P14) e vinte e um (P21) após a retirada do insulto testicular com cinco dias de duração. Para a análise dos dados foram considerados três experimentos: 1) efeito dos períodos experimentais (P0, P7, P14 e P21) sobre o espermograma e perfil eletroforético do plasma seminal e membrana plasmática dos espermatozóides; 2) efeito dos períodos experimentais e seleção espermática por gradiente de Percoll sobre as características seminais e 3) fertilidade in vitro e associação com características seminais oriundas do período pré e pósinsulto testicular. No experimento 1, os espermogramas foram avaliados por métodos convencionais, coloração de Fuelgen para estimativa do percentual de fragmentação nuclear (FN) e, perfil eletroforético do plasma seminal e espermatozóides por SDSPAGE a 12,5%... / The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal gel electrophoresis profile, spermogramme characteristics and in vitro fertility rate, of semen obtained before and after induction of the testicular degenerative process by scrotal insulation. Four Nelore bulls, between thirty and thirty-six months of age, were subjected to a five days scrotal insult. Semen samples were collected three days (P0) before scrotal insulation and seven (P7), fourteen (P14) and twenty-one (P21) days after the removal of the testicular insult. Three experiments were considered for data analysis: 1) effect of the experimental periods (P0, P7, P14 and P21) on the spermogramme and seminal plasma and plasmatic membrane of spermatozoa gel electrophoresis profile; 2) effect of the experimental periods and sperm selection by Percoll gradient on the seminal characteristics; and 3) in vitro fertility rate and association with seminal characteristics from periods before and after testicular insult. In the experiment 1, the spermogrammes were evaluated by conventional methods beside in the Fuelgen stain for nuclear fragmentation (NF) and proteins profile by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE, 12,5%)...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kappes_c_dr_ilha.pdf: 1718636 bytes, checksum: 955e8aa77cf657ce36d88da312d29401 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Pesquisas são desenvolvidas buscando identificar a melhor dose de nitrogênio para o milho nos mais diferenciados sistemas de manejo do solo. Contudo, não há ainda concordância nos resultados, pois a dinâmica deste nutriente é influenciada pelo manejo do solo e pela cobertura vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de coberturas vegetais, sistemas de manejo do solo e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura no milho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Selvíria – MS, durante os anos agrícolas 2009/10 e 2010/11, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico argiloso (20o 20’ S e 51o 24’ W, com altitude de 340 m). Foram estabelecidos trinta e seis tratamentos com quatro repetições, em blocos casualizados, resultantes da combinação entre coberturas vegetais (milheto, crotalária e milheto + crotalária), manejo do solo (escarificador + grade leve, grade pesada + grade leve e sistema plantio direto) e doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 – fonte ureia). O híbrido de milho utilizado foi o DKB 350 YG®, semeado no espaçamento de 0,9 m entre as linhas e o nitrogênio aplicado no estádio V5. Os efeitos de cobertura vegetal e manejo do solo foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey e de dose pela análise de regressão. O milheto produz menor quantidade de massa seca em relação à crotalária, porém seus resíduos são mais persistentes no solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura proporciona incremento da maioria das características morfológicas e nutricionais de plantas e dos componentes de produção do milho. A utilização de crotalária e de milheto + crotalária como antecessoras, associada à aplicação de 90 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio em cobertura do milho sob sistema plantio direto, proporciona maior produtividade / Research has been developed to identify the best nitrogen rate for maize in many types of soil management systems. However, there is no agreement on the results so far, because the dynamic of nitrogen is influenced by soil management system and cover crops. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of cover crops, soil management systems and side-dressing nitrogen rates for maize. The field trials were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the growing season of 2009/10 and 2010/11, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20o 20’ S and 51o 24’ W, with altitude of 340 m). Thirty six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, with the combination of cover crops (millet, sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp), soil management systems (chisel plow + levelling disking, heavy disking + levelling disking, and no-tillage system) and side- dressing nitrogen rates (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 – urea source). The hybrid of maize used was DKB 350 YG® sown in the spacing of 0.9 m between lines and the nitrogen applied at V5 growth stage. The effects of cover crops and soil management were analyzed by Tukey test and nitrogen rates by regression analysis. The millet produces less amount of dry mass yield than sunn hemp, but its residues are more persistent on the soil surface. The side-dressing nitrogen application increases most of the morphological and plant nutritional characteristics and yield components of maize. Sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp grown previously, associated with 90 kg ha-1 side-dressing nitrogen application of maize under no-tillage system, provides higher grain yield

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:20:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000798526.pdf: 1204755 bytes, checksum: 0dd4e95cea3ac2d84ca0664600e548dc (MD5) / No Brasil, grande parte do plantio da cultura do eucalipto encontra-se em área de solo de baixa fertilidade, com pouca disponibilidade de fósforo (P) e potássio (K), e baixo teor de matéria orgânica (M.O.), o que implica em carência do fornecimento de nutrientes à planta, refletindo na redução da produtividade. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a fertilização nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica no crescimento das plantas de eucalipto visando qualidade nutricional e alta produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Renascença, fundo agrícola administrado pela Cargill Agrícola S/A, localizado no município de Três Lagoas/MS. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com dez tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses de nitrogênio (N) (0, 70, 105 e 140 kg ha-1), doses de P (0, 40, 70 e 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e doses de K (0, 90, 135 e 180 kg ha-1 de K2O). As doses de N e K foram aplicadas no plantio e em cobertura, com três parcelamentos (aos 2, 9 e 14 meses após o plantio), e as de P somente no plantio. Foram avaliados: o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP), altura de plantas, volume de madeira com casca, análise foliar dos nutrientes, a fertilidade do solo e as relações dos nutrientes nas folhas e no solo. O DAP e o volume foram influenciados positivamente pela fertilização nitrogenada, já a fosfatada e a potássica aumentaram o crescimento do eucalipto em DAP, altura e volume. As concentrações dos nutrientes estiveram adequadas mesmo com a ausência da aplicação de N, P e K. Com o aumento das doses de K houve incremento das concentrações foliares de K e diminuição das de cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) / In Brazil, much of the Eucalyptus planting is in soils area of low fertility, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) availability and organic matter (O.M.), which implies in low nutrients supply to the plant, reflecting the reduced productivity. In this context, it was aimed to evaluate nitrogen (N), P and K fertilizations on plant growth Eucalyptus aiming nutritional quality and high productivity. Experiment was conducted at Renascença Farm, agricultural fund managed by Cargill Agricola S/A located in Três Lagoas/MS. Experimental design was a randomized block with ten treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of N rates (0, 70, 105 and 140 kg ha- 1), P rates (0, 40, 70 and 100 kg ha-1 P2O5) and K rates (0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 K2O). Nitrogen and K were applied at planting and top-dressing and P rates only at planting. It was evaluated: diameter at breast height (DBH), plant height, volume of wood with bark and leaf analysis of macronutrients concentrations. The DBH and volume were influenced positively by N fertilization, P and K, since the eucalyptus growth in DAP, height and volume increased with P and K fertilization. The macronutrients concentrations were appropriate even in the absence of N, P and K application. Increasing rates of K was increased foliar concentrations of K and decreased calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)