Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 117).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2004. / Advisor: Rajat Bhaduri. Includes bibliographical references ( p. 162-168). Also available online.

We investigate properties of Koszmider spaces. We show that if K and L are compact Hausdor spaces with no isolated points, K is Koszmider and C(K) is isomorphic to C(L), then K and L are homeomorphic and, in particular, L is also Koszmider. We also analyse topological properties of Koszmider spaces and show that a connected Koszmider space is strongly rigid. In addition to Koszmider spaces, we introduce the notion of weakly Koszmider spaces. Having established an alternative characterisation thereof, we show that, while it is evident that every Koszmider space is weakly Koszmider, the reverse implication does not hold. We also prove that if C(K) and C(L) are isomorphic and K is weakly Koszmider, then so is L. However, if K is Koszmider, there always exists a non-Koszmider space L such that C(K) and C(L) are isomorphic. In the second part of the thesis we present two separable Koszmider spaces the construction of which does not use any set-theoretical assumptions except for the usual (ZFC) axioms. The first space is zero-dimensional, being the Stone space of a Boolean algebra. The second construction results in a separable connected Koszmider space.

Few and many-body systems usually feature interesting and novel behaviors compared with their counterparts in three dimensions. On one hand, low dimensional physics presents challenges due to strong interactions and divergences in the perturbation theory; On the other hand, there exist powerful theoretical tools such as the renormalization group and the Bethe ansatz. In this thesis, I discuss two examples: three interacting bosons in two dimensions and interacting bosons/fermions in one dimension. In both examples, there are intraspecies repulsion as well as interspecies attraction, producing a rich spectrum of phenomena. In the former example, a universal curve of three-body binding energies versus scattering lengths is obtained efficiently by evolving a matrix renormalization group equation. In the latter example, exact solutions for the BCS-BEC crossover are obtained and the unexpected robust features in their excitation spectra are explained by a comprehensive semiclassical analysis.

<p>We have performed a measurement of the photodisintegration of the lithium isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, using a monochromatic, polarised photon beam and a segmented neutron detector array which covers approximately 1/4 of 4Î srad. Using time-of-flight and scintillator light-output spectra we separate the data into individual reaction channels. This work is motivated by the need to compare with recent theoretical predictions and to provide data for future theoretical work. <p>For the photodisintegration of 6Li we took data at 12 photon energies between 8 and 35 MeV. We describe the data using a model consisting of two-body reaction channels and obtain angular distributions and absolute cross sections for many of these reaction channels. We compare our results with a recent Lorentz integral transform calculation (Bacca et al. Phys. Rev. C 69, 057001 (2004)). Our results are in reasonable agreement with the calculation, in contradiction with previous experimental results. <p>For the photodisintegration of 7Li, we took data at 9 photon energies between 10 and 35 MeV. We obtain cross sections for the reaction channel 7Li + Á ¨ n + 6Li(g.s.) at all photon energies with angular distributions at all but the highest energy. We obtain angular distributions and total cross sections for reaction channels involving excited states of the daughter nucleus, 6Li, at select energies. We hope that these measurements will provide incentive for new theoretical calculations. <p>We observe neutrons that can only be described by the reaction channel 7Li+Á ¨ n+6Li(10.0) which necessitates an excited state of 6Li with excitation energy Ex = 10.0 } 0.5 MeV that is not in the standard tables of excited states.

No description available.

<p>We have performed a measurement of the photodisintegration of the lithium isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, using a monochromatic, polarised photon beam and a segmented neutron detector array which covers approximately 1/4 of 4Î srad. Using time-of-flight and scintillator light-output spectra we separate the data into individual reaction channels. This work is motivated by the need to compare with recent theoretical predictions and to provide data for future theoretical work. <p>For the photodisintegration of 6Li we took data at 12 photon energies between 8 and 35 MeV. We describe the data using a model consisting of two-body reaction channels and obtain angular distributions and absolute cross sections for many of these reaction channels. We compare our results with a recent Lorentz integral transform calculation (Bacca et al. Phys. Rev. C 69, 057001 (2004)). Our results are in reasonable agreement with the calculation, in contradiction with previous experimental results. <p>For the photodisintegration of 7Li, we took data at 9 photon energies between 10 and 35 MeV. We obtain cross sections for the reaction channel 7Li + Á ¨ n + 6Li(g.s.) at all photon energies with angular distributions at all but the highest energy. We obtain angular distributions and total cross sections for reaction channels involving excited states of the daughter nucleus, 6Li, at select energies. We hope that these measurements will provide incentive for new theoretical calculations. <p>We observe neutrons that can only be described by the reaction channel 7Li+Á ¨ n+6Li(10.0) which necessitates an excited state of 6Li with excitation energy Ex = 10.0 } 0.5 MeV that is not in the standard tables of excited states.

The first-principles calculation method has been used to obtain electronic and structural properties of few-layer-graphenes (FLG) with and without an external electric potential Vext. For Vext=0, the AB stacked two-layer FLG has a band overlapping of 9meV. However, an energy gap (Eg) emerges when Vext is greater than about 0.04Volts. Beyond this threshold, Eg increases monotonically with the increase of Vext. The Eg vs. Vext result suggests a semi-metal-semiconductor transition in the AB stacked two-layer FLG, which can be utilized as a nanoscale electronic switch. Three- and four-layer AB stacked FLG¡¦s don¡¦t have a similar dependence of Eg on Vext

The research overviewed in this dissertation concerns highly accurate variational calculations of small molecular systems without assuming the Born--Oppenheimer approximation. The centerpiece of the research is the use of different forms of explicitly correlated Gaussian basis functions. These basis functions allow analytical evaluation of all necessary matrix elements and provide a very powerful tool for solving quantum mechanical problems encountered in various areas of physics. Most of the derivations presented in the dissertation are done within the formalism of matrix differential calculus that has proven to be a very handy and effective way of dealing with explicitly correlated Gaussians. As this fomalism is not widely used in physics or chemistry, some mathematical background is provided. The expressions obtained theoretically were implemented in a computer code that was run quite extensively on several parallel computer systems during the period of the author's Ph.D. study. The results of many such calculations are presented and discussed. The dissertation is primarily based on the content of the papers that were published in coathorship with my scientific advisor and other collaborators in several scientific journals. It also includes some topics that were not considered in the publications but are essential for the completeness and good understanding of the presented work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ventura_ds_me_ift.pdf: 470589 bytes, checksum: 7a9dc11d67fbc536096e87c18acc1e7c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho investigamos a universalidade em sistemas de três e quatro bósons através do cálculo das suas energias de ligação e dos raios quadráticos médios. Utilizando duas funções de escala calculadas com um potencial de alcance zero e um potencial de alcance finito corrigimos em primeira ordem em r0/a (r0 e a são, respectivamente, o alcance efetivo do potencial e o comprimento de espalhamento de dois corpos) o ponto onde os estados excitados de três corpos desaparecem. Estudamos também as estruturas dos estados de quatro corpos associados ao estado fundamental de três corpos para energia de dois corpos igual a zero. Esses estados são formados predominantemente por uma configuração do tipo 3+1. Os cálculos foram realizados no espaço das configurações usando um método variacional / In this work we investigated the universality in three- and four-boson systems calculating their energies and root-mean-square radii. Using two scaling functions calculated with a zero and a finite range potentials, we corrected to first order in r0/a (r0 and a are, respectively, the effective range of the potential and the two-body scattering length) the point where the three-body excited states disappear. We also studied the structures of the four-body statestied to the three-body ground state for a two-body energy equal zero. These states are predominantly composed by a 3+1 configuration. The calculations were performed in the configuration space using a variational method