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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Fibre orientation and breakage in glass fibre reinforced polymer composite systems : experimental validation of models for injection mouldings : validation of short and long fibre prediction models within Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight 2014

Parveen, Bushra January 2014 (has links)
End-gated and centre gated mouldings have been assessed with varying thickness and sprue geometries for the centre gate. Alternative image analysis techniques are used to measure the orientation and length of injection moulded short and long fibres composite components. The fibre orientation distribution (FOD) measurements for both geometries have been taken along the flow path. In shear flow the FOD changes along the flow path, however the FOD remains relatively constant during expansion flow. The core width and FOD at the skin within a long glass fibre (LGF) specimen is different in comparison to a short glass fibre (SGF) specimen. Fibre length measurements have been taken from the extrudate, sprue and 2 positions within the centre gate cavity. The size of the sprue has little influence on fibre breakage if the moulding is more than 1 mm thick The SGF FOD prediction models within Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight 2014 (ASMI) have been validated against measured SGF data. At present, by default, the models over-predict the < cos2θ > for most geometries. When the coefficients are tailored for each model, drastic improvements are seen in the FOD prediction. The recently developed SGF RSC model accurately predicts the FOD in shear, in a thin geometry, whereas the Folgar-Tucker model predicts the FOD accurately in expansion flow. The measured LGF fibre length distribution (FLD) and FOD have been validated against the LGF prediction models. The LGF models are currently under predicting the breakage and over-predicting < cos2θ >. The breakage prediction improves if measured FLD of the extrudate is input into the model.
2

Fibre Orientation and Breakage in Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Systems: Experimental Validation of Models for Injection Mouldings. Validation of Short and Long Fibre Prediction Models within Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight 2014

Parveen, Bushra January 2014 (has links)
End-gated and centre gated mouldings have been assessed with varying thickness and sprue geometries for the centre gate. Alternative image analysis techniques are used to measure the orientation and length of injection moulded short and long fibres composite components. The fibre orientation distribution (FOD) measurements for both geometries have been taken along the flow path. In shear flow the FOD changes along the flow path, however the FOD remains relatively constant during expansion flow. The core width and FOD at the skin within a long glass fibre (LGF) specimen is different in comparison to a short glass fibre (SGF) specimen. Fibre length measurements have been taken from the extrudate, sprue and 2 positions within the centre gate cavity. The size of the sprue has little influence on fibre breakage if the moulding is more than 1 mm thick The SGF FOD prediction models within Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight 2014 (ASMI) have been validated against measured SGF data. At present, by default, the models over-predict the <cos2θ> for most geometries. When the coefficients are tailored for each model, drastic improvements are seen in the FOD prediction. The recently developed SGF RSC model accurately predicts the FOD in shear, in a thin geometry, whereas the Folgar-Tucker model predicts the FOD accurately in expansion flow. The measured LGF fibre length distribution (FLD) and FOD have been validated against the LGF prediction models. The LGF models are currently under predicting the breakage and over-predicting <cos2θ>. The breakage prediction improves if measured FLD of the extrudate is input into the model. / Autodesk Ltd.
3

Zesílení kruhových sloupů při příčném cyklickém namáhání / Strengthening of circular column subjected to lateral cyclic loading

Mansour, Mohamad January 2019 (has links)
Předložená disertační práce se zabývá zesílením kruhových železobetonových sloupů pomocí vlákny vyztužených polymerů (tzv. FRP – fibre reinforced polymer) namáhaných laterálním cyklickým zatížením. Tato výzkumná studie se zaměřuje na zkoumání využití FRP tkaniny pro dodatečné zesílení, zlepšení chování kruhových železobetonových sloupů a vytvoření návrhového algoritmu pro zesílení kruhového sloupu pomocí kompozitních FRP materiálů. Návrhový algoritmus byl odvozen na základě analytické studie, numerických simulací a výsledků experimentální činnosti. Na základě těchto výsledků byl navržen postup pro návrh zesílení sloupů ovinutím, který předpovídá chování železobetonových sloupů vystavených laterálním cyklickým zatížením. Při experimentální práci byly zkušební vzorky zatíženy současně axiální sílou a příčným cyklickým zatížením. Toto bylo provedeno dvěma různými způsoby. První způsob zatěžování byl proveden konstantní velikostí laterální síly po daný počet cyklů (1 milion) se sledováním změny deformace. A druhý způsob provedení spočíval v zatížení konstantní deformací se sledováním úbytku síly během zatěžovací zkoušky. Dizertační práce rovněž předkládá přehled současného stavu poznání zesílení železobetonových kruhových sloupů ovinutím FRP tkaninou vystavených působení seismického zatížení. Dále uvádí přehled návrhových metodik a normová ustanovení Eurokódu a ACI. Experimentální program byl proveden za účelem ověření chování ovinutých kruhových sloupů při působení laterálního cyklického zatížení. Závěr práce sumarizuje poznatky o chování sloupů zesílených ovinutím FRP tkaninou při působení laterálního cyklického zatížení a představuje empirický model pro návrh zesílení ovinutím při vysokém a nízkém cyklickém zatížení.
4

OPTIMERING AV BROSTRUKTURERS PRESTANDA.En utredning om ersättning av betong i brokantbalkar till fiberförstärktpolymerkomposit

Svensson, Nathalie, Winsa, Mathias January 2024 (has links)
Inledning: Kantbalkar på broar är en utsatt konstruktionsdel som ofta har beständighetsproblem och betongkantbalkar är svåra att utföra till den kvalitet som krävs. I denna studie undersöks möjligheten att byta ut den traditionella betongkantbalken till en fiberförstärkt polymerkomposit (FRP-komposit) med avseende på trafiksäkerhet, beständighet och lönsamhet. Studien omfattar endast brokantbalkar och inte hela brokonstruktioner. Metod: Studien omfattar litteraturstudie och beräkningar. Insamling av information till litteraturstudien sker genom sökning i forskningsdatabaser. Beräkningar utförs genom handberäkningar och med hjälp av programvara. FEM Design 17 används för att ta fram inre spänningar i konstruktionen och Granta EduPack används för att hitta material som uppfyller kraven. Beräkningar utförs i enlighet med Eurokoderna. Resultat: Spänningar i konstruktionen uppgick som högst till 151 MPa. De karakteristiska hållfasthetsvärdena i materialet behövde som högst motsvara minst 240 MPa när reduktionsfaktorer bestämts. Av totalt 782 tillgängliga FRP-kompositer i Granta EduPack fanns 18 som klarade samtliga krav på bärförmåga. Litteraturstudien fann flera tidigare studier där FRP-kompositer använts i brokonstruktioner med goda resultat angående beständighet och långsiktig lönsamhet.Diskussion och slutsatser: Flera antaganden gjordes i beräkningarna, vilka förenklar modellen och påverkar resultatets pålitlighet. Vidare påverkas resultatet av både konstruktionens design och profilers tjocklek. Resultatet av beräkningarna skulle dock kunna användas som en uppskattning av de hållfasthetsvärden som FRP-kompositer behöver uppnå i en kantbalkskonstruktion. Resultatet av litteraturstudien indikerar att en brokantbalk i FRPkomposit skulle vara fördelaktigt beständighetsmässigt, samt att det skulle kunna vara ekonomiskt lönsamt i längden, men det behövs vidare studier för att bekräfta detta. / Introduction: Edge girders on bridges are an exposed structural part that often has durability problems and concrete edge girders are difficult to produce to the required quality. In this study, the possibility of replacing the traditional concrete edge girder with a fibre reinforced polymer composite (FRP-composite) is investigated regarding traffic safety, durability, and profitability.The study covers only bridge edge girders and not entire bridge structures. Method: The study includes literature study and calculations. Collection of information for the literature study is done by searching in research databases. Calculations are performed by hand calculations and with the help of software. FEM Design 17 is used to produce internal stresses in the construction and Granta EduPack is used to find materials that meet the requirements. Calculations are conducted in accordance with the Eurocodes. Results: Stresses in the construction amounted to a maximum of 151 MPa. The characteristic strength values in the material had to correspond at most to at least 240 MPa when reduction factors were determined. Out of a total of 782 available FRP-composites in Granta EduPack, there were 18 that met all the load-bearing capacity requirements. The literature study found several previous studies where FRP-composites were used in bridge structures with good results regarding durability and long-term profitability. Discussion and conclusions: Several assumptions were made in the calculations, which simplify the model and affect the reliability of the results. Furthermore, the result if affected by both the design of the construction and the thickness of the profiles. However, the result of the calculations could be used as an estimate of the strength values that FRP-composites need to achieve in an edge girder construction. The results of the literature study indicate that a bridge edge girder in FRP-composite could be advantageous in terms of durability, and that it could be economically profitable in the long run, but further studies are needed to confirm this
5

Development of Dynamic Test Method and Optimisation of Hybrid Carbon Fibre B-pillar

Johansson, Emil, Lindmark, Markus January 2017 (has links)
The strive for lower fuel consumption and downsizing in the automotive industry has led to the use of alternative high performance materials, such as fibre composites. Designing chassis components with composite materials require accurate simulation models in order to capture the behaviour in car crashes. By simplifying the development process of a B-pillar with a new dynamic test method, composite material products could reach the market faster. The setup has to predict a cars side impact crash performance by only testing the B-pillar in a component based environment. The new dynamic test method with more realistic behaviour gives a better estimation of how the B-pillar, and therefore the car, will perform in a full-scale car side impact test. With the new improved tool for the development process, the search for a lighter product with better crash worthiness is done by optimising a steel carbon fibre hybrid structure in the B-pillar. The optimisation includes different carbon fibre materials, composite laminate lay-up and stiffness analysis. By upgrading simulation models with new material and adhesive representation physical prototypes could be built to verify the results. Finally the manufactured steel carbon fibre hybrid B-pillar prototypes were tested in the developed dynamic test method for a comparison to the steel B-pillar. The hybrid B-pillars perform better than the reference steel B-pillar in the dynamic tests also being considerably lighter. As a final result a hybrid B-pillar is developed that will decrease fuel consumption and meet the requirements of any standardized side impact crash test. / Strävan efter lägre bränsleförbrukning och minimalistiskt tänkande inom bilindustrin har lett till användning av alternativa högpresterande material, såsom fiberkompositer. Vid design av chassi-komponenter utav kompositer krävs noggranna simuleringsmodeller för att fånga upp bilens beteende vid en krock. Genom att förenkla utvecklingsprocessen för en B-stolpe med en ny dynamisk testmetod kan produkter bestående av fiberkompositer nå marknaden snabbare. Provuppställningen skall förutse bilens prestanda vid ett sidokrocktest genom att endast testa B-stolpen i en komponentbaserad miljö. Den nya dynamiska testmetoden med ett mer realistiskt beteende skall ge en bättre uppskattning om hur B-stolpen, och därmed bilen, kommer att prestera i ett fullskaligt sidokrocktest. Med utvecklingsprocessens nya förbättrade verktyg kan strävan mot lättare produkter med bättre krocksäkerhet utvecklas genom optimering av en hybrid B-stolpe i stål och kolfiber. Optimeringen innefattar olika kolfibermaterial, laminatvarianter och styvhetsanalyser. Genom att uppgradera simuleringsmodeller med nya material och adhesiva metoder kunde fysiska prototyper tillverkas för att verifiera resultaten. Slutligen testades de tillverkade prototyperna utav stål och kolfiber i den nyutvecklade dynamiska testmetoden för jämförelse mot den ursprungliga stål B-stolpen. Hybrid B-stolparna presterade bättre än referensstolpen utav stål i de dynamiska provningarna och är samtidigt betydligt lättare. Det slutgiltigt resultatet är en utvecklad hybrid B-stolpe som både ger minskad bränsleförbrukningen och uppfyller kraven för ett standardiserat sidokrocktest.

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