Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Jorge Catalan Casagrande.pdf: 797804 bytes, checksum: 3d1cac408c197e2a9460c8a871d796a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-10 / This thesis examines the theology-literature interface; more specifically, it analyzes theologically and literately the novel Entre Todos os Homens (Among All Men) by Frei Betto. The approach focuses particularly on the anthropological bias - the method proposed by Manzatto - since the analysis underlying the theological narrative of the novel as much as the literary analysis of Jesus' character shows a deeply humanizing theology. In truth, the research moves from theology to anthropology, that is, the image of God conveyed by the novel ends in anthropology contained in the Jesus character. It follows, therefore, that Jesus as a character of Entre Todos os Homens carries in himself the fullness of human existence, either by the theological resources or by the literary devices which the author uses. This means that being God-incarnate is precisely the Jesus character's close relationship with God himself who turns out to affirm and further emphasize his humanity in the pages of the novel, making, in this way, that this ancient character acquires again conditions to surprisingly convince the reader throughout the narrative simply on account of his human attributes. / A presente dissertação versa sobre a interface teologia-literatura, mais especificamente, analisa teológica e literariamente o romance Entre todos os homens de Frei Betto. A abordagem incide especialmente sobre o viés antropológico - método proposto por Manzatto - uma vez que tanto a análise teológica subjacente a narrativa do romance quanto à análise literária da personagem Jesus evidencia uma teologia profundamente humanizadora. A bem da verdade, a pesquisa caminha da teologia a antropologia, ou seja, a imagem de Deus veiculada pelo romance desemboca na antropologia contida na personagem Jesus. Conclui-se, assim, que Jesus enquanto personagem de Entre todos os homens carrega em si a plenitude da existência humana seja pelos recursos teológicos seja pelos recursos literários dos quais o autor lança mão. Isto significa que sendo Deus-encarnado é justamente a relação de proximidade da personagem Jesus com o próprio Deus que acaba por afirmar e ressaltar ainda mais sua humanidade nas páginas do romance, fazendo desta feita, com que esta velha personagem adquira novamente condições de surpreender convincentemente o leitor ao longo da narrativa por conta pura e simplesmente de seus atributos humanos.

The purpose of this study is to explore different power dynamics in the spiritualist movement of fin-de-siècle Sweden. The source material for this exploration is the spiritualist magazine of Efteråt, which was the main spiritualist magazine in Sweden at the time, in print between 1891–1922. The main material for this study is specifically the texts that fall under the genre of ”fictionalized witness-accounts” of supernatural phenomena. These witness accounts yield reoccurring tropes that are either actors, arenas, or narratives. The process of finding these tropes is made through discourse analysis as constructed by Norman Fairclough complemented using grammar and props as presented by Mattias Fyhr. The theoretical tools utilized are the framework of Luce Irigaray and the relationship between the subject and the object, the concept of receptivity as coined by Ann Cvetkovich, and finally the concept of heterotopia as coined by Michel Foucault. The relationship between a masculine subject and a feminine object is generally maintained throughout the source material. However, this dynamic is open to destabilization. This is especially prominent in the arena of the séance room, where perceived feminine volatility is both a liability and a resource. This also rises interesting perspectives concerning male mediums. This destabilization in further deepened when the concept of receptivity is applied and the relationship between the spirit world and the material world is come into question: where is agency situated? The last result concerns the spiritualist movement and its relationship to hegemonic society. With the help of the concept of heterotopia the different spiritualist rooms show what is deemed lacking in society at large, as well as the perceived functions they have within the movement.

I investigate the spoken dialogue of four Indian novels in English: Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable (1935), Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan (1956), Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayan's The World of Nagaraj (1990), and Rohinton Mistry's Family Matters (2002). Roger Fowler has said that literature, as a form of discourse, articulates ideology; it is through linguistic criticism (combination of literary criticism and linguistic analyses) that the ideologies in a literary text are uncovered. Shobhana Chelliah in her study of Indian novels in English concludes that the authors use Indian English (IndE) as a device to characterize buffoons and villains. Drawing upon Fowler's and Chelliah's framework, my investigation employs linguistic criticism of the four novels to expose the ideologies reflected in the use of fictionalized English in the Indian context. A quantitative inquiry based on thirty-five IndE features reveals that the authors appropriate these features, either to a greater or lesser degree, to almost all their characters, suggesting that IndE functions as the mainstream variety in these novels and creating an illusion that the authors are merely representing the characters' unique Indian worldviews. But within this dialect range, the appropriation of higher percentages of IndE features to specific characters or groups of characters reveal the authors' manipulation of IndE as a counter-realist and ideological device to portray deviant and defective characters. This subordinating of IndE as a substandard variety of English functions as the dominant ideology in my investigation of the four novels. Nevertheless, I also uncover the appropriation of a higher percentage of IndE features to foreground the masculinity of specific characters and to heighten the quintessentially traditional values of the older Brahmin generation, which justifies a contesting ideology about IndE that elevates it as the prestigious variety, not an aberration. Using an approach which combines literary criticism with linguistic analysis, I map and recommend a multidisciplinary methodology, which allows for a reevaluation of fictionalized IndE speech that goes beyond impressionistic analyses.