Young adulthood is an important period in the development of obesity. Undergraduate students are particularly at-risk since they gain more weight than those not attending university. As students transition from high school to university, they often adopt unhealthy lifestyle behaviours which are thought to lead to weight gain. On average, students gain three to five pounds (1.4-2.3 kg) during their first year of undergraduate education. However, less is known about how body composition changes throughout the four-year course of undergraduate education and what causes these changes. We thus conducted a systematic review to synthesize a comprehensive list of factors associated with obesity traits (e.g. body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass) in undergraduate students. Two hundred thirty-eight studies were included (175 cross-sectional, 49 cohort, 11 interventional, 3 qualitative). We identified age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, diet, eating habits, physical activity, sedentary activity, sleep, stress, university campus life, alcohol use, smoking, psychiatric disorders, body image, eating attitude, eating regulation, personality, and social/cultural influences as factors which are associated with obesity traits. These factors guided the design of the Genetic and EnviroNmental Effects on weight in University Students (GENEiUS) study, a prospective observational study which investigates the genetic and environmental determinants of body composition in undergraduate students over four years. The GENEiUS study will recruit 2500 multiethnic first- year undergraduates aged 17–25 years and will follow them every six months for four years. Primary outcomes are body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat mass and body fat percentage. This study will help design obesity prevention programs in universities. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1996. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45).

Denna uppsats utforskar den intrikata dynamiken av sociala och kulturella kontroverser inom populärmusikalisk diskurs med specifikt fokus på kränkningar och deras konsekvenser. Genom en kvalitativ låttextanalys av fyra låtar från Parents Music Resource Centers (PMRC) ”The Filthy Fifteen”, diskuterar denna studie samspelet mellan kränkning, moralpanik, kulturkrig och yttrandefrihet ur kritiska perspektiv. Genom att utforska dessa spridda men sammanhängande ämnen med hermeneutik och intersektionalitet som teoretiska verktyg, eftersträvar uppsatsen att synliggöra utmaningarna som artister, organisationer och musiklyssnare står inför, den känsliga balansen mellan individuella och kollektiva uttryck av kränkningar.

This diploma thesis The issues of juvenile criminal justice focuses on the area of juvenile criminal law which is a specific area of criminal law due to a necessity of a particular attitude towards youth. The legal regulation of the juvenile criminal law is incorporated particularly in ActNo. 218/2003 Coll. on the Responsibility of Juveniles for illegal Acts and on the Justice of Youth. Within the theme, the work seeks to capture especially the deviations that are special for the juvenile criminal law as opposed to the criminal law of adult offenders and to present a comprehensive overview of criminal justice over youth. The most extensive part of the thesis deals with the juvenile proceedings, attention is also paid to the substantive aspects of the juvenile criminal law and a considerable part discusses the proceedings in the affairs of children under fifteen. The introductory chapter defines the basic concepts as applied by the Act on the Justice of Youth, especiallyterminologically definesthose that are subject to special treatment. The following two chapters give an overview of the criminological aspects of juvenile delinquency and also outline the development of the legal regulation of juvenile justice in the Czech lands and present the form of the current legal regulation including its...

This master's thesis deals with informed search algorithms. It's theoretical section summarizes basic theoretical ideas and terms which are related to this topic. It means especially discrete mathematics, graph theory, artificial intelligence and agent systems. Cardinal aim of this section is to provide theoretical analysis of search algorithms and to classify them into informed and uninformed classes. Theoretical section describes basic search strategies such as breadth first search, deep first search and modifications of these strategies, then it is focused on informed search algorithms, specifically A* (A-Star), IDA* (Iterative Deepening A-Star) and SMA* (Simplified Memory bounded A-star). It also describes topics related to informed search strategies -- heuristic functions and problem relaxation method. Given algorithms are analyzed in order to compare their time and space complexity. Main goal of practical part of this thesis is to design and implement software application, which will use informed and uninformed search strategies described in theoretical section. This application is intended to solve fifteen puzzle problem, so-called Lloyds fifteen puzzle game. First part of practical section analyses fifteen puzzle from mathematical and informatical perspective, then it examines possible implementation variants of algorithms and heuristics and proposes design of the application. Description of main interfaces and classes of the realized application follows. At the end of this section the analysis of informed algorithms and heuristics is performed using the implemented application and obtained results are compared to theoretical characteristics of these algorithms.

It seems clear to me that humanity currently stands at a major crossroad where “the old truths have lost their validity and new ones are yet to emerge”, to quote late sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. It seems also clear that these “new truths” has to be formulated quickly if we do not want to end up on the wrong fork of the road... During recent years, these two insights has driven my desire to understand where we are now, how we ended up here and how we might move forward. Whereas I began in the field of architecture, my curiosity has led me to look into a wide array of subjects ranging from economy to thermodynamics and sociology in order to comprehend the bigger picture. In this thesis however, I have limited myself to the architectural realm again and I have done so through a close reading of a figure I found along the way: Christopher Wolfgang Alexander. During the course of the project, I have read his four-volume, magnum opus “The Nature of Order: An Essay on the Art of Building and the Nature of the Universe ” (2003-2004) where he summarizes over thirtyfive years of scientific and architectural research and practice into a “grand unified theory of architecture”. His views on many issues (social to scientific) align a lot with with mine so the goal of this project has been to let his theoretical framework guide my own creative process in order to be able to evaluate the result – does his work present some “new truths” to help us move forward or is it just another blind alley?

No description available.

1 The Issues of Juvenile Criminal Justice The Abstract This Master's degree thesis named "The Issues of Juvenile Criminal Justice" focuses on the issues of proceedings in the matters of children under the age of fifteen according to title third of the Act No. 218/2003 Coll. on the Responsibility of Juveniles for illegal Acts and on the Justice of Youth (hereinafter "ZSM"). These proceedings are unlike any other in that regard that although they are civil, they can't deny their penal aspect since they deal with the other offences, the acts which posses every element of a crime except for the fact that they were committed by someone not criminally liable. These proceedings are yet to be thoroughly examined by law literature or any other thesis and their statutory regulation itself is quite brief, that is despite the complexity of said issues. The first introductory chapter defines several basic concepts of these proceedings, such as "the child under the age of fifteen" or "other offence." Then, the ZSM is covered. This act is naturally crucial for the issue, though his relations to general civil and penal regulation must be explained. In the second chapter, called "Historical context," some key historical milestones are remembered, with the focus on Act No. 48/1931 Coll. on the Penal Justice System of the...

<p>In the fifteen-spined stickleback, <i>Spinachia spinachia</i>, males provide females with direct benefits by fanning, cleaning and guarding the offspring. Males announce their parental skills through intense body shakes during courtship. Females preferred to mate with more intensely shaking males. As a result, females got better fathers for their offspring, as such males achieved a higher hatching success. Not only did male behavioural cues attract females, but males also used their nests as extrabodily ornaments. The nest is held together with shiny secretional threads consisting of a glycoprotein. Females chose to spawn in nests with more secretional threads. A likely reason for this is that the threads are metabolically costly for the male to produce and the amount of secretion indicates a male's nutritional status, which is of great importance as parental duties are energetically costly. Moreover, females preferred nests built high up in the vegetation, as such nests were safer from egg predators. Competition with other males for females favoured males building higher nests than did their neighbours, probably because females preferred high nests. Male-male interactions, such as sneaking and egg stealing, caused decreased paternity among males in nature as assessed by a microsatellite analysis. Males adjusted their paternal effort according to their previous investment in the brood, but not according to paternity. Thus, female choice is based on multiple cues and results in better paternal care. Males invest in courtship, male-male competition, nest construction and paternal care, the outcome determining their success in mate attraction.</p>

In the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia, males provide females with direct benefits by fanning, cleaning and guarding the offspring. Males announce their parental skills through intense body shakes during courtship. Females preferred to mate with more intensely shaking males. As a result, females got better fathers for their offspring, as such males achieved a higher hatching success. Not only did male behavioural cues attract females, but males also used their nests as extrabodily ornaments. The nest is held together with shiny secretional threads consisting of a glycoprotein. Females chose to spawn in nests with more secretional threads. A likely reason for this is that the threads are metabolically costly for the male to produce and the amount of secretion indicates a male's nutritional status, which is of great importance as parental duties are energetically costly. Moreover, females preferred nests built high up in the vegetation, as such nests were safer from egg predators. Competition with other males for females favoured males building higher nests than did their neighbours, probably because females preferred high nests. Male-male interactions, such as sneaking and egg stealing, caused decreased paternity among males in nature as assessed by a microsatellite analysis. Males adjusted their paternal effort according to their previous investment in the brood, but not according to paternity. Thus, female choice is based on multiple cues and results in better paternal care. Males invest in courtship, male-male competition, nest construction and paternal care, the outcome determining their success in mate attraction.