This work analyzes financial situation of the company Skanska a.s. on the basis of financial reports of the period 2005 - 2009. Methodological part describes methods of financial analysis, which are applied in practical part. Conclusion summarizes findings executed in practical part.

International Financial Reporting Standard focuses on principle-based and fair-value, IFRS main assets weigh foundation, regard amalgamating the report form as enterprise main consolidated-report, attention to financial-report information reveal transparency and express so as to business's view. Corporate governance has managed already for the global common understanding on industry, chain of command of risk, system of managing, in order to improve the quality of managing, strengthen the foundation stone of managing physique and international competitiveness, the opportunity and transparency are tall that information is revealed, demonstrate the operation conditions and financial affairs of the company behave and can be supervised. Suitable International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Open for issue company, control inside system the proclaimed in writing include in there are management, the speciality accounting of International Financial Reporting Standard, reach the operation activity result, express and must stipulate and fill one in accordance with the communique that reveals its dependability through the figure of the financial statement, integrality, saving the regulation, rules and regulations procedure and work rule from damage, depending on to enterprise's assets, carry out implementation. Countries all over the world attention to transparency that enterprise manage more and more, no matter in Corporate governance, Control system or International Financial Reporting Standard information their reveal transparency all for ask usually mainly, International Financial Reporting Standard, Control system, Corporate governance the three and is both as moving closely bound uply in succession, can bring up high-quality enterprises and market culture.

The aim is to comprehensively describe the problems of land consolidation plans and prepare budgets of joint facilities performed in a frame of the landscaping. For individual plans of common facilities, cards of budgetary indicators will be processed. Finally, we will evaluate the resulting processed budgets and budget indicators.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is to analyse financial productivity of a chosen company, to find deficiencies and suggest possibilities for improvement of the situation. First there is theoretical part consisting of an introduction of chosen financial indicators, such as profitability, indebtedness etc., and also a description of Maple, programme used for mathematical exercises. In the practical part there is a description of Brno company TRON, the business objective of which is LED lighting. The financial indocators are made in the programme Maple, the balance and also profit and loss accounts for a few consecutive years are analysed, from which we can determine the financial situation of the company. The result should help the chosen company with future decisions.

The problem concerned the financial indicators used to evaluate the financial condition of the six sister higher education institutions under the authority of the Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges. The purposes were to determine the financial ratios that best indicate financial condition; to calculate those financial ratios for the six designated Oklahoma higher education institutions; and to evaluate and compare the financial condition of the six institutions. This study attempted to further the use of financial ratio analysis as an objective addition to subjective studies that examine an institution's definition of its mission, objectives, and goals and its own assessment of the degree to which its resources allow it to attain those goals. The data were obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System; the financial reports were audited by independent certified public accountants and presented to the Board of Regents of Oklahoma Colleges; and John Minter Associates, Inc., provided the national norms. The set of financial ratios identified provides a means to study a single higher education institution through trend analysis and in comparison to national norms. It also works well with a sample of homogeneous institutions with interinstitutional comparison. The techniques are intended to provide a general profile of an institution’s financial health. Cause-and-effect ratio analysis has been proposed as another technique to aid administrators in determining changes in their financial statements and what may have caused them. The study identified a set of financial ratios that summarize the financial condition of a higher education institution. The ratios helped to analyze the financial solvency and viability of the six Oklahoma higher education institutions and focused on the ability of the institutions to meet current and future financial requirements. The importance of financial statement analysis should not be underestimated. The understandable format of financial ratios allows virtually any stakeholder to acquire a basic comprehension of the most critical financial policies of institutions and their financial condition.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1166218 bytes, checksum: 7fcb05d31169df50bbf76566f33a64de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective is to achieve and suggest the inclusion of a financial indicator in the monetary policy rule that captures oscillations in capital markets, thereby promoting the flexibility of the inflation targeting system in order to preserve its effectiveness and transparency. It is argued that in periods of high volatility, the performance should be broader monitoring of financial assets in an attempt to avoid a process of asset deflation which led the economy into recession. The theoretical basis of this work is guided studies of Bernanke and Gertler (1999, 2000) that argue pro-introduction of a financial variable in the Taylor rule; the monetary policy should take into account the fluctuations in the stock market when they alter the forecast of future inflation. The models Vector autoregression (VAR) and extensions of the ARCH model will be addressed in order to justify the inclusion of the financial indicator in the system of inflation targets. It was observed that the volatility models presented persistence in the crisis period (2007-2009) for the financial variable while for the SELIC, the persistence of shocks has been lower intensity which implies that monetary policy may not be reacting properly variations in the financial market. For the VAR model, there was confirmation of the central hypothesis of the work since, in time of crisis, the effect on the financial indicator of the SELIC rate is higher compared to pre-crisis period. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis of Bernanke and Gertler (1999) that the Central Bank should consider the financial market only in times of high volatility, and clearly present their strategies and reports of communication with the market. / O objetivo é obter e sugerir a inclusão de um indicador financeiro na regra de política monetária que capte as oscilações no mercado de capitais, promovendo, assim, a flexibilização do regime de metas inflacionárias de forma a preservar a sua eficácia e transparência. Argumenta-se que em períodos de grande volatilidade, seja conveniente a atuação mais ampla no monitoramento dos ativos financeiros buscando evitar um processo de deflação de ativos que conduzisse a economia à recessão. A base teórica deste trabalho pauta-se nos estudos de Bernanke e Gertler (1999, 2000) que argumentam pró-introdução de uma variável financeira na Regra de Taylor; a política monetária deve levar em consideração as oscilações no mercado de capitais quando estas alteram a previsão de inflação futura. Os modelos de Vetores Auto-Regressivos (VAR) e extensões do modelo ARCH serão utilizados como forma de justificar a inclusão do indicador financeiro no sistema de metas inflacionárias. Observou-se que os modelos de volatilidade apresentaram persistência no período de crise (2007-2009) para a variável financeira enquanto que para a SELIC, a persistência dos choques tem sido em menor intensidade o que implica que a política monetária pode não estar reagindo adequadamente às variações no mercado financeiro. Para o modelo VAR, houve confirmação da hipótese central do trabalho visto que, no período de crise, o efeito do indicador financeiro sobre a SELIC é maior comparado ao período pré-crise. Portanto, os resultados apóiam a hipótese de Bernanke e Gertler (1999) de que o Banco Central deve levar em consideração o mercado financeiro apenas em momentos de grande volatilidade, e apresentar claramente suas estratégias e seus relatórios de comunicação com o mercado.

[pt] Esta dissertação analisa 857 fusões e aquisições que satisfazem duas condições: as transações devem ter sido concluídas entre 2010 e 2020 e a empresa que busca a aquisição deve ser listada na Bolsa de Ações Brasileira. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é verificar se existe uma relação entre o ciclo de vida das empresas e a decisão de aquisição de outras empresas. O principal resultado é que empresas listadas em bolsa há menos tempo são mais propensas a adquirir outras empresas. A idade média das empresas adquirentes é de 34 anos, estando listadas na Bolsa há 10 anos, em média. A idade média de todas as empresas na amostra, por sua vez, é de 37 anos com tempo médio de 9 anos com ações listadas na B3. A maior propensão a aquisição por empresas mais novas é corroborada por regressões Logit. Essas regressões mostram que empresas maiores, mais rentáveis, mais líquidas e menos endividadas são mais prováveis de comprarem outras empresas, mas essas características se tornam mais importantes a medida que as empresas envelhecem. / [en] In this thesis, I analyze 857 mergers and acquisitions that satisfy two conditions: the transactions must have been completed between 2010 and 2020 and the company seeking the acquisition must be listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchang, B3. Using this sample, I seek to determine if there is an empirical relation between a company s age and its decision to acquire another company. The main findings is that firms are less likely to acquire other firms, as they get older. On average, public firms that buy other firms are 34 years old and they have been listed for 10 years. In the full sample, public firms are, on average, 37 years old, and they have been listed for nine years. Logit regressions confirm that younger public firms are more likely to buy other firms. The Logit regressions also show that public firms are more likely to buy other firms if the former are bigger, more profitable, more liquid, and less leveraged. These financial characteristics become more important for the acquisition decision, though, as they mature.

The subject of my master´s thesis is analysis of the operating costs in households in various energy categories of houses. The theoretical part is focused on passive homes issue where I explained principles and differences of standard constructions. The practical part is based on a concrete example of the differences and the structure of costs. The aim is to confirm or refute the hypothesis, which say that higher investment costs for the construction of low energy buildings could reduce costs and family budgets in the future. They also lead to higher liquidity.