Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_cacac_me_botfm.pdf: 1691917 bytes, checksum: 9decbdf91d5ccd20c3aedefc1b66c009 (MD5) / Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de 613 casos de lesões não palpáveis de mama submetidas a punção aspirativa por agulha fina, dirigida por ultra-sonografia (PAAF-US), arquivados em nosso serviço particular de diagnóstico por imagem. Todas as pacientes, antes de realizarem a PAAF-US, submeteram-se a ultra-sonografia mamária para que fossem detectadas e caracterizadas as lesões não palpáveis, a pedido do clínico ou cirurgião dessas pacientes. Antes de iniciarmos a PAAF-US, o imaginologista e o patologista discutiam o caso em questão, analisavam os exames de imagem (mamografia quando havia, e o US das mamas). Assim, no momento da punção, o patologista já estava ciente da impressão diagnóstica do imaginologista. A ultra-sonografia em tempo real orientava o patologista até que o mesmo estivesse com a agulha junto à lesão e começasse a colher o material para análise. Dessa forma, realizávamos a PAAF-US a “4 mãos”. Observamos que o número de material considerado inadequado foi baixo, pois o patologista analisava a lâmina por ele mesmo preparada no ato da punção. Neste estudo foram excluídos dos cálculos estatísticos o único caso de material inadequado que representou 0,1% do total de 613 e os achados indeterminados da ultra-sonografia, da PAAF-US e da histologia. Em nosso trabalho, a Sensibilidade e a Especificidade da PAAF-US foi de 100% e não houve caso de falso-positivo ou de falso-negativo. Creditamos esses valores a diversos fatores, tais como a presença do patologista no ato da punção, realizando-a; o triplo diagnóstico onde clínica e imagem são do conhecimento do patologista e, finalmente, a ampla experiência em patologia mamária dos citopatologistas de nossa equipe. A ultrasonografia, em nossa opinião, é um bom método de escolha para orientar procedimentos invasivos de lesões não palpáveis... / A retrospective study done in 613 cases of nonpalpable breast lesions submitted to a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) by ultrasonography is filed in our diagnosis by image service in a private clinic. All patients, before the FNAB were submitted to a breast ultrasonography so that we could detect and characterize the nonpalpable lesions, which was asked by those patients’ physicians or surgeons. Before beginning US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy the roentgenologist and pathologist discussed the case in question, they analysed the exams through the image (mammography when there was one, and breast US). So, when the aspiration biopsy was beeing operated the pathologist was awave of the previous diagnosis opinion concluded by the roentgenologist. The ultrasonography in real time guided the pathologist until he had the needle in the lesion and could stard to collect the material for the analyses. In this way, we performed a “4 hand” USFNAB. We also could observe that the amount of material considered insufficient was low, thus the pathologist analysed the lamina by himself, which was prepared during biopsy. In this study we excluded from the statistics results the only case of insufficient material that represented a total of just 0,1% from these 613 patients, and the ones that were found indeterminated in the ultrasonography, from the citology and from histology. In our work, the US-FNAB sensitivity and specificity was 100% and there wasn’t any case of false-positive or false-negative. We believe this fact is possible because of several factors, such as: the pathologist assistance during the biopsy, performing it; the triple diagnosis in which the clinic and image are known by the pathologist, and also from the broad experience our staff of cytopathologists have in breast. The ultrasonography, in our opinion, is a good choice... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cunha_gn_dr_jabo.pdf: 465416 bytes, checksum: e2fa65c0170bcd5725dafe063644725b (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente as biópsias testiculares de cães obtidas por punção aspirativa por agulhas fina (PAAF) e “tru cut”. Foram utilizados 40 cães, adultos, hígidos, distribuídos em 2 grupos: G1 - punção biópsia aspirativa; e G2 - biópsia com agulha “tru-cut”. Cada grupo foi dividido em quatro subgrupos (Ga, Gb, Gc e Gd) com cinco animais cada, sendo estes orquiectomizados 3, 7, 14 e 62 dias após as biópsias PAAF ou “Tru-cut”. O material colhido pela PAAF foi submetido à avaliação citológica, e o proveniente da biópsia “tru-cut” e orquiectomia submetidos à histopatologia. Foram avaliados os espermiogramas e mensuração de comprimento e largura do escroto e colhido o soro para pesquisa de anticorpo antiespermatozóides. Referente ao espermiograma e a mensuração do escroto não foram observados diferenças (p>0,05) significativas. A amostra direcionada para citologia e histologia obtida pelas duas técnicas foi considerada de quantidade suficiente para diagnóstico. Na histopatologia a PAAF apresentou menor área de lesão e reação inflamatória comparada a “tru cut”, no entanto esta última apresentou maior quantidade de material, preservando a arquitetura dos túbulos seminíferos e interstício. Não foi observado diferença (p>0,05) na produção de anticorpos anti-espermatozóides, após as biopsias. Concluímos que apesar das biópsias fornecerem material em qualidade e quantidade adequadas, e da PAAF ter se mostrado menos traumática, a escolha da técnica a ser empregada dependerá da finalidade para o qual o material se destina. / The aim of this study it was evaluate hystologicaly the testicular biopsies in dogs obtained by aspirative puncture by fine needle and “tru-cut”. Forty males dogs, adults, healthies were used, distributed in 2 groups: G1 – Fine Needle aspiration; and G2- biopsy by “Tru-cut”. Each group were shared in four groups (Ga, Gb, Gc e Gd) with 5 animals each, and all of then were orchiectomized after 3, 7, 14, 62 days after the biopsies by FNA and “tru-cut” being performed. The samples collected by FNA were submitted to cytology evaluate, and the sample from tru-cut biopsy and orchiectomy submitted to histopathology. The spermiograms were evaluated, the testicular length and with were measure, and the animal’s blood were collected to the anti-sperm antibody quantification. About the spermogram and measurement of scrotal bag any significative difference was observed (p>0,05). The sample to cytology and histology obtained from two techniques showed be in quantity enough to diagnostic. In histopathology, the biopsy FNA showed smaller damage area and inflammatory reaction compared to tru-cut, however this one showed biggest quantity of material, preserving the seminiferous tubules architeture and interstitium. It was not observed significative difference at anti-sperm antibodies production. We concluded that althought the biopsies provide material in quantity and quality appropriate, and the PAAF showed less traumatic, the choose of the technique to be used will depend the purpose for which the material is intended.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a acurácia da Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina (PAAF) em nódulos submucosos da cavidade bucal e da região de cabeça e pescoço como ferramenta auxiliar de diagnóstico. Foram selecionados 50 pacientes consecutivamente que procuraram a Clínica da Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica da FOUSP, portadores de lesões em boca e em região de cabeça e pescoço. O material obtido pela PAAF foi enviado a um mesmo patologista apenas com o diagnóstico clínico e após a emissão do laudo da PAAF o laudo do anátomo patológico era emitido servindo como padrão ouro. Após os cálculos, o resultado da sensibilidade foi de 75%, a especificidade foi de 96%, a acurácia foi de 58,8%, o valor preditivo positivo foi de 86% e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 93%. A significância foi estabelecida para 5% e o teste usado foi o teste de Kappa com valor de P<0,001 e um teste qui-quadrado, com valor de P=0,788. Pela análise dos resultados a PAAF teve uma alta sensibilidade para identificar lesões malignas, uma alta especificidade para identificar lesões benignas e uma baixa acurácia para se obter um diagnóstico definitivo. / The objectives of this present study are to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) in submucous nodules of oral cavity and nodules of head and neck region as an auxiliary tool of diagnoses. 50 patients that looked for the Clinic of the Discipline of Oral Stomatology of FOUSP were consecutively selected, carrying lesions in the oral cavity and the head and neck region. The material obtained by FNA was sent to only one pathologist with the clinical diagnosis and after the emission of FNAB report the biopsy report was emitted serving as the gold standard. After the calculation, the results of sensibility was 75%, the specificity was 96%, the accuracy was 58,8%, the positive predict value was 86% and the negative predict value was 93%. The significance was established for 5% and the tests used was Kappa with P<0,001 and a Chi-square with a P value of 0,778.With the results analysis the FNAB had a high sensibility to identify malignant lesions, a high specificity to identify benign lesions and a low accuracy to obtain final diagnoses.

Accurate diagnosis of small‐cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) is clinically important because of the therapeutic implications. SCLC must be distinguished from non‐small‐cell carcinoma (NSCLC) and lymphoma. Paranuclear blue inclusions (PBIs) were recently described as a feature of metastatic SCLC on air‐dried Wright‐stained bone marrow aspirate smears. To determine the utility of PBIs in distinguishing SCLC from NSCLC and lymphoma, we evaluated air‐dried Diff‐Quik‐stained smears from 103 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and 14 touch imprint specimens. PBIs were identified in 24 (89%) of 27 cases of SCLC, in 6 (9%) of 64 non‐small‐cell carcinomas (P < 0.00001), and in two (8%) of the 26 lymphoma cases (P < 0.00001). No PBIs were seen on any of the alcohol‐fixed Papanicolaou or hematoxylin‐eosin (HandE) stained smears examined. In conclusion, PBIs appear to be a feature of SCLC on air‐dried cytologic material stained with Romanowsky type stains. In the presence of cytologic features of SCLC, the identification of PBIs provides a useful diagnostic feature for diferentiating between SCLC and NSCLC carcinomas, and between SCLC and lymphomas in FNA specimens and touch imprints from surgical specimens.

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a self limited zoonotic disease that presents most commonly as a regional lymphadenopathy. We are reporting a case of a 25-year-old male patient who presented with fever and large right inguinal lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of cat scratch disease was confirmed based on the characteristic cytopathological features on aspirate smears from the lymph node and the serological titers for Bartonella henselae. This case report emphasizes the importance of combining Bartonella serology, and cytopathology in the diagnostic work-up of febrile lymphadenopathy and suspected CSD since the culture of this organism is arduous.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive, undifferentiated carcinoma that may arise on top of normal or abnormal thyroid. Making the diagnosis by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid with a long-standing history of multinodular goiter (MNG) is not uncommon. We report a case discussing the cytopathologic findings and the relationship with long-standing goiter and thyroid exposure to radioactive iodine treatment. Case: A 90-year-old male patient presented with a > 45-year history of MNG that was associated with thyrotoxicosis and multiple courses of radioiodine (I-131) treatment. He developed recent symptoms of dyspnea, dysphagia, neck swelling and unintentional weight loss. Computed tomography of the neck was done revealing a large MNG with retrosternal extension and calcifications. FNA was performed revealing highly anaplastic cells with a colloid background and presence of neutrophils. The diagnosis of ATC was made. The patient refused any kind of management and was discharged upon his request. He died 2 days after the procedure, and no autopsy was performed. Conclusion: ATC is an aggressive, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma that can be diagnosed by FNA and save the patient a surgical intervention. A background of MNG and history of radioactive iodine therapy is not uncommon.

BACKGROUND. The cytologic differentiation between neoplastic and reactive/reparative processes in the endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) of the pancreas can be difficult. Malignant transformation of the pancreatic ductal epithelium changes the expression of apomucins. The goal of the current study was to determine an optimal immunohistochemical panel of mucin (MUC) antibodies that would allow the cytomorphologic distinction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its differentiation from reactive/reparative processes and inadvertently sampled gastric and duodenal mucosa. METHODS. Pancreatic EUS-FNA specimens performed on 351 patients were reviewed. Expression profiles of MUC1, 2, 5AC, and 6 were examined on 56 cell block sections and 26 follow-up pancreatectomy specimens. RESULTS. MUC1 and 6 expression was found in nonneoplastic pancreatic samples, whereas there was an absence of expression of MUC2 and 5AC. MUC2 was detected in mucosal goblets cells of the duodenum, MUC6 in Brunner glands, and MUC5AC in gastric foveolar cells. MUC5AC expression in differentiating ductal adenocarcinomas from benign conditions demonstrated better operating characteristics than either MUC1 or MUC6. The apomucin expression pattern both in cytology and follow-up surgical pathology specimens was similar. In surgical pathology specimens, the panel of 3 antibodies, MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+, was noted in 15 of 17 ductal carcinomas (88.2%). In nonneoplastic pancreatic tissue, the expression panel MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC- was observed in 14 of 17 (82.4%) cases. In cytology specimens, the combination of MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+ was noted in 21 of 30 ductal carcinoma cases (70.0%), 3 of 6 atypical cases (50%), and 1 of 1 suspicious for malignancy cases (100%). The combination MUC1+/MUC2-/MUC5AC+ was not observed in any of the negative for malignancy or reactive cases (0 of 6). CONCLUSIONS. The most optimal panel for the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma in both the EUS-FNA specimens is a panel including MUC1/MUC2/MUC5AC, whereas a panel of all 4 antibodies (MUC1, 2, 5AC, and 6) will in addition aid in differentiating inadvertently sampled normal/reactive duodenal and gastric epithelium from neoplastic pancreatic tissue.

Nódulos de tireoide são achados clínicos comuns e, atualmente, o método diagnóstico de escolha para diferenciar lesões benignas de lesões malignas é a análise citopatológica dos nódulos através de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF). Estudos prévios já indicaram que os níveis séricos de TSH podem estar associados ao risco de malignidade nodular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o TSH sérico é um preditor de malignidade em nódulos de tireoide em pacientes submetidos à PAAF. A amostra contemplou 100 indivíduos puncionados consecutivamente no Centro de Pronto Diagnóstico Ambulatorial, CPDA, HCPA e que apresentavam níveis de TSH dentro da normalidade. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à PAAF da tireoide com controle ultrassonográfico e tiveram, posteriormente, a análise citopatológica da PAAF e a avaliação histopatológica do bloco celular. A análise estatística baseou-se em dados de frequências e testes não-paramétricos foram utilizados para correlacionar as variáveis. A população de estudo foi composta por 100 pacientes, sendo 89 mulheres e 11 homens. A média de idade foi de 54,1 ± 14,2 anos e o tamanho médio dos nódulos foi de 2.53 ± 1.36 centímetros. Vinte e seis % destes pacientes apresentavam algum tipo de doença tireoidiana prévia. A média do nível de TSH sérico entre os 100 indivíduos foi de 1.81 ± 1.08 uUI/mL. De acordo com o diagnóstico citopatológico da PAAF complementado pelos achados do bloco celular foram classificados como malignos 8% dos nódulos, 70% benignos, 11% suspeitos/ indeterminados, 8% insuficientes e 3% lesões foliculares. A média de TSH para os grupos maligno, benigno, suspeito/indeterminado, insuficiente e lesão folicular foi de, respectivamente, 2.48, 1.59, 2.21, 2.35 e 2.20 uUI/ml (p>0.05). Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos diagnósticos avaliados, apesar de haver uma variação entre os níveis de TSH entre os grupos refletindo, provavelmente, o pequeno tamanho da amostra. / Thyroid nodules are common and currently the first choice of investigation in distinguishing benign from malignant disease is the cytological analysis of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Previous studies have indicated that serum TSH levels might be associated with the likelihood of malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum TSH is a predictor of malignancy of thyroid nodules in patients undergoing FNAB. One hundred consecutive patients, who underwent FNAB as part of clinical investigation of thyroid nodule in a multidisciplinary setting tertiary hospital, underwent ultrasonography followed by FNAB, cytology and cell block analysis. Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups. The study population comprised of 89 female and 11 male patients. The mean age was 54.1 ± 14.2 years. 26% had previous thyroid disease. Mean TSH levels was 1.81 ± 1.08 uUI/mL and the mean nodule size was 2.53 ± 1.36cm. Final cytology/cell block diagnosis classified 8% as malignant, 70% as benign, 11% suspicious/indeterminate, 8% insufficient and 3% follicular lesion. The mean TSH values for malignant, benign, suspect, insufficient and follicular lesion group were as follows: 2.48, 1.59, 2.21, 2.35 and 2.20 uUI/ml, respectively. No statistical significance was detected between TSH levels and final cytology/cell block diagnosis, possibly reflecting the small sample size (P>0.05). We observed a variation between TSH levels among the groups covered in this study, but there was no statistically significant difference among them.

In this study, meta-analysis of diagnostic tests, Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (SROC) curve, bivariate random effects and Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (HSROC) curve theories have been discussed and accuracy in literature of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) biopsy that is used in the diagnosis of masses in breast cancer (malignant or benign) has been analyzed. FNA Cytological (FNAC) examination in breast tumor is, easy, effective, effortless, and does not require special training for clinicians. Because of the uncertainty related to FNAC&lsquo / s accurate usage in publications, 25 FNAC studies have been gathered in the meta-analysis. In the plotting of the summary ROC curve, the logit difference and sums of the true positive rates and the false positive rates included in the meta-analysis&lsquo / s codes have been generated by SAS. The formula of the bivariate random effects model and hierarchical summary ROC curve is presented in context with the literature. Then bivariate random effects implementation with the new SAS PROC GLIMMIX is generated. Moreover, HSROC implementation is generated by SAS PROC HSROC NLMIXED. Curves are plotted with RevMan Version 5 (2008). It has been stated that the meta-analytic results of bivariate random effects are nearly identical to the results from the HSROC approach. The results achieved through both random effects meta-analytic methods prove that FNA Cytology is a diagnostic test with a high level of distinguish over breast tumor.

Nódulos de tireoide são achados clínicos comuns e, atualmente, o método diagnóstico de escolha para diferenciar lesões benignas de lesões malignas é a análise citopatológica dos nódulos através de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF). Estudos prévios já indicaram que os níveis séricos de TSH podem estar associados ao risco de malignidade nodular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o TSH sérico é um preditor de malignidade em nódulos de tireoide em pacientes submetidos à PAAF. A amostra contemplou 100 indivíduos puncionados consecutivamente no Centro de Pronto Diagnóstico Ambulatorial, CPDA, HCPA e que apresentavam níveis de TSH dentro da normalidade. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à PAAF da tireoide com controle ultrassonográfico e tiveram, posteriormente, a análise citopatológica da PAAF e a avaliação histopatológica do bloco celular. A análise estatística baseou-se em dados de frequências e testes não-paramétricos foram utilizados para correlacionar as variáveis. A população de estudo foi composta por 100 pacientes, sendo 89 mulheres e 11 homens. A média de idade foi de 54,1 ± 14,2 anos e o tamanho médio dos nódulos foi de 2.53 ± 1.36 centímetros. Vinte e seis % destes pacientes apresentavam algum tipo de doença tireoidiana prévia. A média do nível de TSH sérico entre os 100 indivíduos foi de 1.81 ± 1.08 uUI/mL. De acordo com o diagnóstico citopatológico da PAAF complementado pelos achados do bloco celular foram classificados como malignos 8% dos nódulos, 70% benignos, 11% suspeitos/ indeterminados, 8% insuficientes e 3% lesões foliculares. A média de TSH para os grupos maligno, benigno, suspeito/indeterminado, insuficiente e lesão folicular foi de, respectivamente, 2.48, 1.59, 2.21, 2.35 e 2.20 uUI/ml (p>0.05). Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos diagnósticos avaliados, apesar de haver uma variação entre os níveis de TSH entre os grupos refletindo, provavelmente, o pequeno tamanho da amostra. / Thyroid nodules are common and currently the first choice of investigation in distinguishing benign from malignant disease is the cytological analysis of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Previous studies have indicated that serum TSH levels might be associated with the likelihood of malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum TSH is a predictor of malignancy of thyroid nodules in patients undergoing FNAB. One hundred consecutive patients, who underwent FNAB as part of clinical investigation of thyroid nodule in a multidisciplinary setting tertiary hospital, underwent ultrasonography followed by FNAB, cytology and cell block analysis. Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups. The study population comprised of 89 female and 11 male patients. The mean age was 54.1 ± 14.2 years. 26% had previous thyroid disease. Mean TSH levels was 1.81 ± 1.08 uUI/mL and the mean nodule size was 2.53 ± 1.36cm. Final cytology/cell block diagnosis classified 8% as malignant, 70% as benign, 11% suspicious/indeterminate, 8% insufficient and 3% follicular lesion. The mean TSH values for malignant, benign, suspect, insufficient and follicular lesion group were as follows: 2.48, 1.59, 2.21, 2.35 and 2.20 uUI/ml, respectively. No statistical significance was detected between TSH levels and final cytology/cell block diagnosis, possibly reflecting the small sample size (P>0.05). We observed a variation between TSH levels among the groups covered in this study, but there was no statistically significant difference among them.