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Showing 1 to 3 of 3 (0.053 seconds)| 1 |
Advancements in Firefly Luciferase-Based Assays and Pyrosequencing TechnologyEriksson, Jonas January 2004 (has links)
Pyrosequencing is a new DNA sequencing method relying on thesequencing-by-synthesis principle and bioluminometric detectionof nucleotide incorporation events. The objective of thisthesis was improvement of the Pyrosequencing method byincreasing the thermal stability of firefly luciferase, and byintroducing an alternative DNA polymerase and a new nucleotideanalog. Furthermore, the development of a new bioluminescentassay is described for the detection of inorganicpyrophosphatase activity. The wild-type North American firefly(Photinus pyralis)luciferase is a heat-sensitiveenzyme, the catalytic activity of which is rapidly lost attemperatures over 30°C. Two strategies for increasing thethermostability of the enzyme are presented and discussed. Inthe first strategy, the solution thermodynamics of the systemis affected by osmolytes in such a way that heat-mediatedinactivation of the enzyme is prevented. In the secondstrategy, the enzyme is thermostabilized by mutagenesis. Bothstabilizing strategies can be utilized to allow bioluminometricassays to be performed at higher temperatures. For instance,both DNA polymerase and ATP sulfurylase activity could beanalyzed at 37°C. The osmolyte strategy was successfully employed forincreasing the reaction temperature for the Pyrosequencingmethod. By increasing the reaction temperature to 37°Cunspecific signals from primer-dimers and 3-end loopswere reduced. Furthermore, sequencing of a challenging templateat 37°C, which previously yielded poor, non-interpretablesequence signals at lower temperatures was now possible. Introduction of a new adenosine nucleotide analog,7-deaza-2-deoxyadenosine-5-triphosphate (c7dATP) reduced the inhibitory effect on apyraseobserved with the currently used analog,2-deoxyadenosine-5-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)(dATPαS). Sequencing of homopolymeric T-regions has previously beendifficult with the exonuclease-deficient form of the DNApolymerase I large (Klenow) fragment. By using the DNApolymerase from bacteriophage T7, known as Sequenase, templateswith homopolymeric T-regions were successfully sequenced.Furthermore, it was found that the strand displacement activityfor both polymerases was strongly assisted if the displacedstrand had a 5-overhang. In contrast, the stranddisplacement activity for both polymerases was inhibitedwithout an overhang, resulting in reduced sequencingperformance in double stranded regions. A firefly bioluminescent assay for the real-time detectionof inorganic pyrophosphatase in the hydrolytic direction wasalso developed. The assay is versatile and has a linearresponse in the range between 8 and 500 mU. Key words:bioluminescence, osmolytes, glycine betaine,thermostability, firefly luciferase, inorganic pyrophosphatase,inorganic pyrophosphate, Pyrosequencing technology, secondaryDNA-structures, Sequenase, Klenow-polymerase, reaction rates,temperature, c7dATP, dATPαS. / <p>QCR 20161027</p>
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Advancements in Firefly Luciferase-Based Assays and Pyrosequencing TechnologyEriksson, Jonas January 2004 (has links)
<p>Pyrosequencing is a new DNA sequencing method relying on thesequencing-by-synthesis principle and bioluminometric detectionof nucleotide incorporation events. The objective of thisthesis was improvement of the Pyrosequencing method byincreasing the thermal stability of firefly luciferase, and byintroducing an alternative DNA polymerase and a new nucleotideanalog. Furthermore, the development of a new bioluminescentassay is described for the detection of inorganicpyrophosphatase activity.</p><p>The wild-type North American firefly<i>(Photinus pyralis)</i>luciferase is a heat-sensitiveenzyme, the catalytic activity of which is rapidly lost attemperatures over 30°C. Two strategies for increasing thethermostability of the enzyme are presented and discussed. Inthe first strategy, the solution thermodynamics of the systemis affected by osmolytes in such a way that heat-mediatedinactivation of the enzyme is prevented. In the secondstrategy, the enzyme is thermostabilized by mutagenesis. Bothstabilizing strategies can be utilized to allow bioluminometricassays to be performed at higher temperatures. For instance,both DNA polymerase and ATP sulfurylase activity could beanalyzed at 37°C.</p><p>The osmolyte strategy was successfully employed forincreasing the reaction temperature for the Pyrosequencingmethod. By increasing the reaction temperature to 37°Cunspecific signals from primer-dimers and 3-end loopswere reduced. Furthermore, sequencing of a challenging templateat 37°C, which previously yielded poor, non-interpretablesequence signals at lower temperatures was now possible.</p><p>Introduction of a new adenosine nucleotide analog,7-deaza-2-deoxyadenosine-5-triphosphate (c<sup>7</sup>dATP) reduced the inhibitory effect on apyraseobserved with the currently used analog,2-deoxyadenosine-5-O-(1-thiotriphosphate)(dATPαS).</p><p>Sequencing of homopolymeric T-regions has previously beendifficult with the exonuclease-deficient form of the DNApolymerase I large (Klenow) fragment. By using the DNApolymerase from bacteriophage T7, known as Sequenase, templateswith homopolymeric T-regions were successfully sequenced.Furthermore, it was found that the strand displacement activityfor both polymerases was strongly assisted if the displacedstrand had a 5-overhang. In contrast, the stranddisplacement activity for both polymerases was inhibitedwithout an overhang, resulting in reduced sequencingperformance in double stranded regions.</p><p>A firefly bioluminescent assay for the real-time detectionof inorganic pyrophosphatase in the hydrolytic direction wasalso developed. The assay is versatile and has a linearresponse in the range between 8 and 500 mU.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>bioluminescence, osmolytes, glycine betaine,thermostability, firefly luciferase, inorganic pyrophosphatase,inorganic pyrophosphate, Pyrosequencing technology, secondaryDNA-structures, Sequenase, Klenow-polymerase, reaction rates,temperature, c<sup>7</sup>dATP, dATPαS.</p>
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Micro RNA-Mediated regulation of the full-length and truncated isoforms of human neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (NTRK 3)Guidi, Mònica 13 January 2009 (has links)
Neurotrophins and their receptors are key molecules in the development of thenervous system. Neurotrophin-3 binds preferentially to its high-affinity receptorNTRK3, which exists in two major isoforms in humans, the full-length kinaseactiveform (150 kDa) and a truncated non-catalytic form (50 kDa). The twovariants show different 3'UTR regions, indicating that they might be differentiallyregulated at the post-transcriptional level. In this work we explore howmicroRNAs take part in the regulation of full-length and truncated NTRK3,demonstrating that the two isoforms are targeted by different sets of microRNAs.We analyze the physiological consequences of the overexpression of some of theregulating microRNAs in human neuroblastoma cells. Finally, we providepreliminary evidence for a possible involvement of miR-124 - a microRNA with noputative target site in either NTRK3 isoform - in the control of the alternativespicing of NTRK3 through the downregulation of the splicing repressor PTBP1. / Las neurotrofinas y sus receptores constituyen una familia de factores crucialespara el desarrollo del sistema nervioso. La neurotrofina 3 ejerce su funciónprincipalmente a través de una unión de gran afinidad al receptor NTRK3, del cualse conocen dos isoformas principales, una larga de 150KDa con actividad de tipotirosina kinasa y una truncada de 50KDa sin dicha actividad. Estas dos isoformasno comparten la misma región 3'UTR, lo que sugiere la existencia de unaregulación postranscripcional diferente. En el presente trabajo se ha exploradocomo los microRNAs intervienen en la regulación de NTRK3, demostrando que lasdos isoformas son reguladas por diferentes miRNAs. Se han analizado lasconsecuencias fisiológicas de la sobrexpresión de dichos microRNAs utilizandocélulas de neuroblastoma. Finalmente, se ha estudiado la posible implicación delmicroRNA miR-124 en el control del splicing alternativo de NTRK3 a través de laregulación de represor de splicing PTBP1.
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