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Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm University, 2004. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-69).

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document Copyright 2000, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bisschoff, J 2000, Oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds as flame retardants for polyester fabric, MEng dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01122007-112752 / > H 81/th / Dissertation (M Eng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

Thesis (Ph. D.(Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Title from opening screen (viewed June 14, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

The key issue addressed by this dissertation is that a number of heritage buildings undergoing the adaptive reuse are having building components such as timber structure, timber staircase which cannot meet the current fire safety regulation. Given this, it is imperative to begin researching the reasons why the timber component in heritage buildings cannot comply with the current statutory fire resistance requirement and find out the methods in preserving the timber component. The dissertation will focus on timber floor which is a highly important component in meeting the fire safety requirement as it provides the compartment separation to inhabit the rapid spread of fire and smoke in a building and as the same time it is usually a character defining element having heritage value. The dissertation will try to find out the different methods of conserving the timber floor of the heritage building under adaptive reuse with examples. The different methods will be evaluated based on the fire performance, statutory acceptance and conservation principles and the appropriate method will be matched to the adaptive reuse heritage buildings in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: light-weight truss construction, fire scenario, fire-retardant-treated wood. Includes bibliographical references (p.81-83).

Com a publicação das normas NBR 14323:1999 Dimensionamento de estruturas de aço de edifícios em situação de incêndio e NBR 14432:2000 Exigências de resistência ao fogo de elementos construtivos de edificações, despertou-se, ainda mais, a preocupação com o dimensionamento das estruturas em caso de incêndio. Quando o aço é exposto a altas temperaturas apresenta reduções na resistência ao escoamento e no módulo de elasticidade. Em função dessas reduções, a NBR 14432:2000 apresenta tempos requeridos de resistência ao fogo, com os quais, pode-se optar pelo dimensionamento da estrutura, apresentado na NBR 14323:1999, ou pelo revestimento térmico. No entanto, essa última norma não permite a utilização do método simplificado de dimensionamento para perfis formados a frio. Quanto aos revestimentos térmicos, o mais utilizado no Brasil é a argamassa projetada, não adequada aos perfis formados a frio. O presente trabalho faz um breve histórico sobre estruturas de aço em situação de incêndio, sobre perfis formados a frio em temperatura ambiente e em situação de incêndio, além de apresentar tipos de revestimentos térmicos e suas aplicações. Finalmente sugere uma possível maneira de dimensionamento por meio da NBR 14762:2001 Dimensionamento de estruturas de aço constituídas por perfis formados a frio com adaptações para situação de incêndio e de proteção desses perfis em situação de incêndio. / The interest in design of steel structures in fire situation carried out in consequence of publication of Brazilians codes ABNT/NBR 14323:1999 named \"Steel structures fire design - Procedure\" and ABNT/NBR 14432:2000 \"Fire-resistance requirements for building construction elements - Procedure\". When the steel is exposed to elevated temperatures (for example, fire situation) reductions in the strength and deformation properties must be considered. In this sense, the code ABNT/NBR 14432:2000 prescribes values of parameter TRRF (Fire strength required time), with are used for design of steel structures using a simplified method prescribed in ABNT/NBR 14323:1999, or specifying fireproofing. However, this last code doesn\'t prescribe a simplified method for cold-formed steel in fire condition, and the fireproofing materials largely used in Brazil are the sprays, which are not appropriate to cold-formed profiles. In this sense, the main goal of the present work is show a brief context about steel structures in fire conditions, in special cold-formed profiles in room temperature and fire situation, and many types of fire protection materials used in steel structures and its applications. Finally, is suggested a design method to cold-formed profiles in fire, adopting the code ABNT/NBR 14762:2001 \"Design of cold-formed steel structures\", in which appropriate adaptations are considered, as well as a protection procedure to this profiles in fire conditions.

Thesis (MTech. degree: Environmental Management.)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012. / Determines the presence and levels of common brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in surface water and sediments in Jukskei River catchments with the aim of identifying potential pollution sources using Geographical Information System (GIS) land use map in order to provide baseline data required to protect water resources against such hazardous chemicals.

Thesis (DTech. degree: Environmental Management)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012. / Discusses polybromobiphenyls (PBBs) and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among brominated flame retardants commonly used as additive flame retardants and are now well-known pollutants. They can easily be released from household and office materials if present and tend to settle on dust. Of all the PBDEs congeners, the detection of BDE-209 is considerably more difficult than the lower congeners. Furthermore, there is no available data on the presence of PBBs and PBDEs in indoor dust in South Africa, and, therefore, it was deemed necessary to conduct the present study.

Com a publicação das normas NBR 14323:1999 Dimensionamento de estruturas de aço de edifícios em situação de incêndio e NBR 14432:2000 Exigências de resistência ao fogo de elementos construtivos de edificações, despertou-se, ainda mais, a preocupação com o dimensionamento das estruturas em caso de incêndio. Quando o aço é exposto a altas temperaturas apresenta reduções na resistência ao escoamento e no módulo de elasticidade. Em função dessas reduções, a NBR 14432:2000 apresenta tempos requeridos de resistência ao fogo, com os quais, pode-se optar pelo dimensionamento da estrutura, apresentado na NBR 14323:1999, ou pelo revestimento térmico. No entanto, essa última norma não permite a utilização do método simplificado de dimensionamento para perfis formados a frio. Quanto aos revestimentos térmicos, o mais utilizado no Brasil é a argamassa projetada, não adequada aos perfis formados a frio. O presente trabalho faz um breve histórico sobre estruturas de aço em situação de incêndio, sobre perfis formados a frio em temperatura ambiente e em situação de incêndio, além de apresentar tipos de revestimentos térmicos e suas aplicações. Finalmente sugere uma possível maneira de dimensionamento por meio da NBR 14762:2001 Dimensionamento de estruturas de aço constituídas por perfis formados a frio com adaptações para situação de incêndio e de proteção desses perfis em situação de incêndio. / The interest in design of steel structures in fire situation carried out in consequence of publication of Brazilians codes ABNT/NBR 14323:1999 named \"Steel structures fire design - Procedure\" and ABNT/NBR 14432:2000 \"Fire-resistance requirements for building construction elements - Procedure\". When the steel is exposed to elevated temperatures (for example, fire situation) reductions in the strength and deformation properties must be considered. In this sense, the code ABNT/NBR 14432:2000 prescribes values of parameter TRRF (Fire strength required time), with are used for design of steel structures using a simplified method prescribed in ABNT/NBR 14323:1999, or specifying fireproofing. However, this last code doesn\'t prescribe a simplified method for cold-formed steel in fire condition, and the fireproofing materials largely used in Brazil are the sprays, which are not appropriate to cold-formed profiles. In this sense, the main goal of the present work is show a brief context about steel structures in fire conditions, in special cold-formed profiles in room temperature and fire situation, and many types of fire protection materials used in steel structures and its applications. Finally, is suggested a design method to cold-formed profiles in fire, adopting the code ABNT/NBR 14762:2001 \"Design of cold-formed steel structures\", in which appropriate adaptations are considered, as well as a protection procedure to this profiles in fire conditions.