Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-31T13:15:14Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Aline de Arvelos Salgado - 2013 (1).pdf: 19133020 bytes, checksum: 99f7494b6d5b0c0afb94eb7523a14e81 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline de Arvelos Salgado - 2013(2).pdf: 9872700 bytes, checksum: f92f9ac233f9de3dc5f82ab719021535 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-31T13:50:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Aline de Arvelos Salgado - 2013 (1).pdf: 19133020 bytes, checksum: 99f7494b6d5b0c0afb94eb7523a14e81 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline de Arvelos Salgado - 2013(2).pdf: 9872700 bytes, checksum: f92f9ac233f9de3dc5f82ab719021535 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-31T13:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Aline de Arvelos Salgado - 2013 (1).pdf: 19133020 bytes, checksum: 99f7494b6d5b0c0afb94eb7523a14e81 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline de Arvelos Salgado - 2013(2).pdf: 9872700 bytes, checksum: f92f9ac233f9de3dc5f82ab719021535 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Accelerated urbanization and disorganized has caused many impacts on the environment, either by modifying the conditions of living and the quality of water resources. The present work aims to characterize the quality and quantity of water and pollutant loads from Botafogo stream, during the dry and rainy, through analysis of quality and quantity, in order to know the behavior of the water quality of the water body and provide impacts of runoff in the water body. During the dry season, nine monitoring were performed in eight sampling points and during the rainy season, only one point was rated 5 rainfall events. Analyses discriminatory (boxplot), cluster and correlation were essential to understand the variations of water quality in dry periods, demonstrating that monitoring in future there is the possibility of reducing the number of sampling points and parameters. It was observed that the parameters COD, BOD5, color, turbidity, coliforms and E.coli showed clear seasonal variation. In the five rain events was evaluated possible to see large fluctuations in concentration during the monitored parameters, especially coliforms and E.coli, suspended solids and turbidity, clearly demonstrating the impact of stormwater drainage on surface water in urban areas, and it is possible to note that many of the parameters showed much higher concentrations than the limits recommended by CONAMA Resolution 357/05, for rivers Class II. It was also found that the BOD5, the COD, turbidity, and total solids best parameters were the first flush indicators. With the results obtained load was observed that the rainfall events are large contributors to the concentration of pollutants in water bodies, since high loads are transported solids and COD. Thus, the results show that the runoff can carry high concentrations of pollutants into the stream Botafogo and this may suffer siltation and eutrophication. Thus, it is demonstrated the urgent need to study the diffuse loads in water bodies, especially in urban areas and assess the measures that can be undertaken in the basin as a preventive, adoption of alternatives for the control and treatment of pollution and mitigation of impacts caused by human actions. / A urbanização de forma acelerada e desorganizada tem causado diversos impactos ao meio ambiente modificando, tanto as condições de vida das populações, quanto a qualidade dos recursos hídricos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a qualidade e a quantidade das águas e as cargas poluidoras do Córrego Botafogo, situado em Goiânia-GO, nos períodos seco e chuvoso por meio de análises de qualidade e quantidade, a fim de conhecer o comportamento da qualidade da água do corpo hídrico e apresentar os impactos do escoamento superficial no corpo hídrico. No período de seca foram realizados nove monitoramentos em oito pontos amostrais e no período de chuva um ponto apenas foi avaliado em 5 eventos chuvosos. As análises discriminatórias (boxplot), de cluster e de correlação foram essenciais para compreender as variações da qualidade da água em períodos secos, demonstrando que em monitoramentos futuros há a possibilidade da diminuição do número de pontos e parâmetros amostrais. Foi possível observar, ainda, que os parâmetros DQO, DBO5, cor, turbidez, coliformes totais e E.coli apresentaram clara variação sazonal. Nos cinco eventos de chuva avaliados foi possível perceber grandes oscilações na concentração dos parâmetros durante os monitorados, em especial coliformes Totais e E.coli, sólidos suspensos totais e turbidez, demonstrando claramente o impacto da drenagem pluvial nas águas superficiais em áreas urbanas, sendo que é possível notar que muitos dos parâmetros avaliados apresentaram concentrações muito superiores aos limites preconizados na Resolução CONAMA 357/05, para rios de Classe II. Verificou-se, ainda, que a DBO5, a DQO, a turbidez e os sólidos totais foram os melhores parâmetros indicadores de first flush. Com os resultados de carga obtidos foi possível perceber que os eventos chuvosos são grandes contribuidores para a concentração de poluentes nos corpos hídricos, uma vez que são transportadas elevadas cargas de sólidos e DQO. Dessa forma, os resultados encontrados apresentam que o escoamento superficial pode transportar elevadas concentrações de poluentes para o Córrego Botafogo e este pode vir a sofrer assoreamento e eutrofização. Assim, demonstra-se a extrema necessidade de estudar as cargas difusas nos corpos hídricos, especialmente em áreas urbanas e avaliar as medidas que possam ser realizadas na bacia como ações preventivas, adoção de alternativas para o controle e tratamento dessa poluição, bem como mitigação dos impactos causados por ações antrópicas.

As the world population increases, the demand increases for quality drinking water. The harvesting of rainwater has the potential to assist in alleviating pressures on current water supplies and storm water drainage systems. Diversion of a portion of the collected water away from storage is a technique used to improve harvested rainwater water quality prior to storage. Six configurations of a downspout first flush diverter were constructed and tested in the laboratory. The configurations of diverters were evaluated for their affinity to allow diverted water in the diverter chamber to interact with the flow of water to storage. Experiments were conducted at flow rates ranging from 0.76 L/min to 113.56 L/min. This range of flow rates adequately represents a wide range of common storm intensity patterns across the United States to which downspout first flush diverters are subjected. The diverter chamber to downspout transition fittings tested on a 10.16 cm diameter diverter chamber, upward and downward oriented sanitary and straight tee, do not have a significant impact on the mean difference in initial and final total dissolved solids concentrations observed at multiple sample ports. No statistical difference was observed when comparing upward and downward oriented sanitary tees used as diverter chambers to downspout transition fittings on 10.16 and 15.24 cm diverter chambers. Utilizing a straight tee as a transition fitting with a floating ball, acting as a barrier between water collected in the diverter chamber of a downspout first flush diverter and the flow passing through the transition fitting, limited diverted water from interacting with the subsequent flow of harvested rainwater. There is not a significant difference between the use of a downspout first flush diverter with diverter chamber diameters of 10.16 and 15.24 cm utilizing upward and downward oriented sanitary tees as downspout to diverter chamber transition fittings. Tests at flow rates less than or equal to 12.11 L/min exhibited limited changes in total dissolved solids concentrations in the downspout first flush diverters with 15.24 cm diameter diverter chambers. Tests at flow rates less than or equal to 1.51 L/min exhibited limited changes in total dissolved solids concentrations in the downspout first flush diverters with 10.16 cm diameter diverter chambers. The diverter chamber drain flow rate and volume impacts the observed differences in initial and final TDS concentrations at all sample ports on the diverter chamber of a downspout first flush diverter regardless of flow rate. The diverter chamber drain flow rate impacts the flow rate of water entering the diverter chamber through the transition fitting.

Orientador: Jefferson Nascimento de Oliveira / Resumo: A poluição dos mananciais de abastecimento e a necessidade de se buscar água, cada vez mais distante, agrega à água tratada um alto valor monetário. A captação da água da chuva e sua utilização para fins não potáveis, é uma alternativa para diminuir o consumo de água potável. Nos grandes centros, ocorre a formação de ilhas de calor, o que favorece a ocorrência de chuvas convectivas acompanhada de fortes ventos. Além disso, houve a verticalização das edificações, resultando em uma área lateral maior, se comparada com a do telhado, tornando a captação de água pluvial em paredes uma alternativa promissora. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a quantidade e qualidade da água de chuva captada em uma parede de vidro e em uma outra de argamassa, num telhado e água atmosférica na cidade de Ilha Solteira – São Paulo. A média de incidência e captação da chuva foi de 47,5% na parede de vidro e 32,5% na de concreto, tendo cada anteparo uma eficiência de coleta média de 16,21% e 8,27% respectivamente. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água avaliados foram: pH, turbidez, condutividade elétrica, alcalinidade total e dureza total, para amostras de 1,0 mm de chuva efetiva, durante os cinco primeiros milímetros, em cada um dos pontos de coleta. As análises laboratoriais mostraram que a água melhora sua qualidade com o passar dos milímetros escoados; e que a água escoada na parede de vidro tem uma grande similaridade na alteração dos parâmetros, quando comparada com a água atmosférica, não necessi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Pollution of supply sources and the need to fetch water farther away, adds water treated a high monetary value. The capitation of rainwater and its use for non-potable purposes is an alternative to reduce the consumption of drinking water. In big cities, there is the formation of heat islands, which favours the occurrence of convective rainfall endowed winds. Furthermore, there was the verticalization of the buildings, resulting in a greater lateral area compared with the roof, making the collection of rainwater walls a promising alternative. The aim of this research was to verify the quality and quality of water collected on a glass wall and an another one of concrete, from a roof and rainwater without contact with any surface (atmospheric water) in the city of Ilha Solteira - São Paulo. The mean incidence and caption in the glass wall was 47.5% and in the concrete 32.5%, with a efficiency of 16.21% and 8.27% respectively. The parameters of water quality, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and total hardness, for samples of 1.0 mm of effective rain during the five millimeters, at each collection point. The laboratory analyses show that water improves its quality with the passing of millimeters drained; the water from the glass wall had a lower variation of the parameters when compared to an atmospheric water, requiring no volume of discharge, according to a NBR 15.527 / 07. No relation was found between rainfall intensity and water quality, as well as w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

The possible effects of pipe materials on drinking water quality have been analyzed in the distribution system of the water treatment plant of "La La Concepciónâ " in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. "La La Concepciónâ " is a surface water reservoir experiencing biogeochemical cycling of manganese. Black water problems have been reported in the distribution system since 1998. An evaluation of the potential influence that PVC and iron pipes could have on the concentration of iron and manganese in drinking water, the effects caused by the presence of manganese in PVC and iron pipe surfaces, and residual chlorine and Pb concentrations in the distribution system was performed. The sampled neighborhoods received an intermittent service. Water was suspended for 8 hours every day due to water quantity problems in the city. Water and pipe samples were obtained for PVC and galvanized iron pipes because these constitute the majority of the infrastructure used for distribution systems in Honduras. Thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for possible manganese oxidation by chlorine and dissolved oxygen in the distribution system were also evaluated. As expected, total Fe concentrations were greater for first flush conditions from the iron pipe. Water samples obtained from the PVC pipe showed higher total Mn concentrations and more black color than those obtained from the iron pipe for both first flush and continuous flow conditions. Residual chlorine decayed relatively fast along the sampled section of the distribution system. Pb concentrations were detected on water samples obtained from PVC for first flush and continuous flow and on iron pipe for first flush. Preliminary experiments showed that manganese-oxidizing and -reducing bacteria were present in the walls of both PVC and iron pipes. Higher numbers of colony-forming microorganisms were recovered from iron (30-fold more) compared to PVC pipe sections. However, the majority of isolates from the PVC biofilm (8 of 10, 80 %) were capable of Mn-oxidation while only 35 % (11 of 31) of isolates from the iron biofilm sample demonstrated Mn-oxidation. This research demonstrates the importance of the different interactions between water and the infrastructure used for its supply in producing safe drinking water. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeoneteCAF.pdf: 2381464 bytes, checksum: b8b649d6580da5fa31a3ad86cfc9eb5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The urban drainage is one of the powers of environmental sanitation and its scope is the quantitative and qualitative aspects. In decision making of managers and the engineering aspects of design are almost always taken into account only the quantitative aspects. However, the waters of the runoff have the highest concentrations of pollutants at the beginning of precipitation. Thus, if the plot pollution removed, the remaining portion can be used for other purposes. This work has aimed to present the variation of water quality of two drainage basins in the city of Natal / RN-Brazil to support the implementation of drainage to consider the qualitative aspect, and identify potential for the use of water. The basins (M and C) are analyzed closed-type, are in the urban area, are predominantly residential occupation and its waters are used for detention ponds and infiltration. The samples were divided into three phases, the first two direct to final points in a basin and the third in traps distributed over the surface drainage. The parameters had been analyzed were pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Color, Turbidity, COD, Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, Sediments solids, total solids, chloride, sulfate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Heavy Metals (Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Copper), Eschichia coli and total coliforms. The parameters studied showed high initial pollution load, events and located in different proportions, except nitrite, heavy metals and biological indicators. The size of the surface drainage and topographic its features influence the quality of water. However, the form of sampling is crucial in the qualitative study in the basin. The samplers developed at work, were generated economic and representative results. The urban rainwater presents organic faecal indicators. The runoff of water from both basins shows no risk of salinity and sodicity for use in irrigation, should be noted the content of chloride in the choice of method of irrigation / A drenagem urbana ? uma das compet?ncias do saneamento ambiental e em seu escopo est?o os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos. Na tomada de decis?o dos gestores e nos aspectos de projeto de engenharia, s?o levados em considera??o quase sempre somente os aspectos quantitativos. No entanto, as ?guas do escoamento superficial possuem as maiores concentra??es de poluentes no in?cio da precipita??o. Desta forma, caso seja removida a parcela poluidora, a parcela restante pode ser aproveitada para outros fins. Este trabalho tem com objetivo apresentar a varia??o da qualidade da ?gua de duas bacias de drenagem na cidade de Natal/RN-Brasil de modo a subsidiar a aplica??o de pr?ticas de drenagem que considerem o aspecto qualitativo, bem como identificar potencial para o uso dessas ?guas. As bacias (M e C) analisadas s?o do tipo fechadas, se encontram na ?rea urbana, possuem ocupa??o predominantemente residencial e suas ?guas s?o destinadas para lagoas de deten??o e infiltra??o. As coletas foram divididas em tr?s fases, as duas primeiras diretas no exut?rio de uma das bacias e a terceira, em coletores distribu?dos ao longo sua superf?cie de drenagem. Foram analisados os par?metros de pH, Condutividade El?trica, Oxig?nio Dissolvido, Cor, Turbidez, DQO, Am?nia, Nitrito, Nitrato, F?sforo Total, Ortofosfato, S?lidos Sediment?veis, S?lidos totais, Cloretos, Sulfatos, Alcalinidade, C?lcio, Magn?sio, S?dio, Pot?ssio, Metais Pesados (Cromo, C?dmio, Chumbo, Zinco e Cobre), Eschichia coli e Coliformes Totais. Os par?metros estudados apresentaram elevada carga poluidora inicial, em eventos localizados e com propor??es diferentes, exceto nitrito, os metais e os indicadores biol?gicos. A dimens?o da superf?cie de drenagem e suas caracter?sticas topogr?ficas influenciam na qualidade da ?gua. Contudo, a forma de amostragem ? decisiva na caracteriza??o qualitativa da bacia em estudo. Os amostradores desenvolvidos durante o trabalho apresentaram-se econ?micos e geraram resultados representativos. As ?guas pluviais urbanas apresentam indicadores biol?gicos fecais. A ?gua do escoamento superficial de ambas as bacias n?o apresenta risco de salinidade e sodicidade para uso em irriga??o, devendo ser observado o teor de cloreto na escolha do m?todo de irriga??o

Com o desenvolvimento da espécie humana, a sociedade humana passou demandar quantidades cada vez maiores de diversos elementos naturais, principalmente a água. Por estar presente em uma pequena quantidade no planeta (3%), com relação a toda hidrosfera, as águas disponíveis para consumo humano (Ex: Mananciais) são as que mais sofrem com a ação antrópica. A degradação destes recursos se dá por fatores como: poluição, desperdício e falta de políticas públicas sobre conservação dos recursos hídricos. Buscando a implementação de estratégias para a melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos, a utilização de águas pluviais como fonte hídrica alternativa, ganha importância diante desse cenário. Além de uma fonte hídrica de fácil acesso em muitas regiões (com média anual de precipitação em 1589 mm na região da Tijuca Alerta Rio, 2013), estudos demonstram que sua qualidade permite sua utilização em atividades não potáveis, resultando na economia de águas que são tratadas e destinadas para consumo humano. Visando colaborar com as questões expostas anteriormente, a presente dissertação de mestrado buscou avaliar a qualidade das águas de chuva em uma determinada região e os fatores que possam interferir na qualidade das águas pluviais, como: tipo de material da superfície de captação, proximidade a focos de poluição atmosférica e período de estiagem antecedente ao evento pluviométrico. Para tal tarefa, foi instalado um sistema de captação de águas pluviais no Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, localizado no bairro do Rio Comprido, região norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os parâmetros físico-químicos para qualidade da água pH, turbidez, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos totais dissolvidos, potencial de oxi-redução e condutividade foram analisados com o auxílio da sonda multiparâmetro. Ao correlacionar a presença de sólidos na água de chuva com os períodos de estiagem, verificou-se que quanto maior o período de seca, maior a quantidade de sólidos nas amostras. Com relação aos marcos regulatórios (Portaria 2914/2011, MS; Padrões de potabilidade, OMS; CONAMA 357 e NBR 15.527) , os resultados para estes parâmetros ficaram de acordo com os limites exigidos pelas mesmas, exceto o pH. Com a análise dos resultados, recomenda-se estudos para determinar quais fatores podem estar interferindo na acidificação das águas coletadas no estudo. / Society has demanded increasing amounts of various natural elements, mainly water. Because fresh water occurs in relatively small amounts on the planet (3%), the water available for human consumption are the most impacted by anthropic action. The degradation of these resources occurs by factors such as pollution, waste and lack of public policies on conservation of water resources. In order to implement strategies for better management of water resources, the use of rainwater as an alternative water source became important. Besides a water source easily accessible in many regions (with mean annual rainfall 1589 mm in the Tijuca area Alerta Rio, 2013), studies show that their quality allows their use in non-potable activities, resulting in water savings that are treated and intended to human consumption. Aiming to collaborate with the issues previously exposed, this dissertation sought to evaluate the quality of rainwater in a particular region and factors that might interfere in the quality of the rainwater, as the type of the material on the uptake surface, proximity to air pollution sources and drought period preceding the rainfall event. For this task, it was installed a system of rainwater harvesting at the Institute Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, where CAp UERJ, located in municipally Rio Comprido, northern of Rio de Janeiro. The physico-chemical parameters: pH water, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, oxi-reduction potential and conductivity were analyzed with the aid of water quality multiparameter probe. By correlating the presence of solids in rainwater with drought periods, it was found that the longer the dry period, greater is the amount of solids in the samples. Except foi pH, all parameters (physical-chemical) met, regulatory limits (Decree 2914/11, MS; Standards of potability). It is recommended that further investigation is developed in order to better intently factors interfering with water acidification found in this study.

Com o desenvolvimento da espécie humana, a sociedade humana passou demandar quantidades cada vez maiores de diversos elementos naturais, principalmente a água. Por estar presente em uma pequena quantidade no planeta (3%), com relação a toda hidrosfera, as águas disponíveis para consumo humano (Ex: Mananciais) são as que mais sofrem com a ação antrópica. A degradação destes recursos se dá por fatores como: poluição, desperdício e falta de políticas públicas sobre conservação dos recursos hídricos. Buscando a implementação de estratégias para a melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos, a utilização de águas pluviais como fonte hídrica alternativa, ganha importância diante desse cenário. Além de uma fonte hídrica de fácil acesso em muitas regiões (com média anual de precipitação em 1589 mm na região da Tijuca Alerta Rio, 2013), estudos demonstram que sua qualidade permite sua utilização em atividades não potáveis, resultando na economia de águas que são tratadas e destinadas para consumo humano. Visando colaborar com as questões expostas anteriormente, a presente dissertação de mestrado buscou avaliar a qualidade das águas de chuva em uma determinada região e os fatores que possam interferir na qualidade das águas pluviais, como: tipo de material da superfície de captação, proximidade a focos de poluição atmosférica e período de estiagem antecedente ao evento pluviométrico. Para tal tarefa, foi instalado um sistema de captação de águas pluviais no Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, localizado no bairro do Rio Comprido, região norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os parâmetros físico-químicos para qualidade da água pH, turbidez, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos totais dissolvidos, potencial de oxi-redução e condutividade foram analisados com o auxílio da sonda multiparâmetro. Ao correlacionar a presença de sólidos na água de chuva com os períodos de estiagem, verificou-se que quanto maior o período de seca, maior a quantidade de sólidos nas amostras. Com relação aos marcos regulatórios (Portaria 2914/2011, MS; Padrões de potabilidade, OMS; CONAMA 357 e NBR 15.527) , os resultados para estes parâmetros ficaram de acordo com os limites exigidos pelas mesmas, exceto o pH. Com a análise dos resultados, recomenda-se estudos para determinar quais fatores podem estar interferindo na acidificação das águas coletadas no estudo. / Society has demanded increasing amounts of various natural elements, mainly water. Because fresh water occurs in relatively small amounts on the planet (3%), the water available for human consumption are the most impacted by anthropic action. The degradation of these resources occurs by factors such as pollution, waste and lack of public policies on conservation of water resources. In order to implement strategies for better management of water resources, the use of rainwater as an alternative water source became important. Besides a water source easily accessible in many regions (with mean annual rainfall 1589 mm in the Tijuca area Alerta Rio, 2013), studies show that their quality allows their use in non-potable activities, resulting in water savings that are treated and intended to human consumption. Aiming to collaborate with the issues previously exposed, this dissertation sought to evaluate the quality of rainwater in a particular region and factors that might interfere in the quality of the rainwater, as the type of the material on the uptake surface, proximity to air pollution sources and drought period preceding the rainfall event. For this task, it was installed a system of rainwater harvesting at the Institute Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, where CAp UERJ, located in municipally Rio Comprido, northern of Rio de Janeiro. The physico-chemical parameters: pH water, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, oxi-reduction potential and conductivity were analyzed with the aid of water quality multiparameter probe. By correlating the presence of solids in rainwater with drought periods, it was found that the longer the dry period, greater is the amount of solids in the samples. Except foi pH, all parameters (physical-chemical) met, regulatory limits (Decree 2914/11, MS; Standards of potability). It is recommended that further investigation is developed in order to better intently factors interfering with water acidification found in this study.

Urban development will continue to increase in Texas because of population growth and urban sprawl. Despite the desire for urbanization and expansion of the economy, this growth increases the amount of construction, which, if not properly managed, can increase non-point source pollution and threaten surface water quality. Therefore, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has approved and promoted the use of compost as a stormwater best management practice (BMP) during highway construction. The objectives of this study were to construct and calibrate an indoor rainfall simulator and to determine the effectiveness of using compost rather than conventional hydroseeding or topsoil to reduce erosion from disturbed soils. Runoff rates, interrill erosion, and interrill erodibility were determined and compared across five compost treatments following TxDOT specifications for compost applied as an erosion control and two control treatments of topsoil (TS) and hydroseeding (HS) applied at 5 cm depth. The simulator produced 89% uniformity using ten Veejet 80100 nozzles at a target rate of 100 mm h-1. The surface runoff was collected after 5 minutes of rainfall (first flush) and during the last 30 minutes of rainfall (steady-state). The first flush mean runoff for GUC-5 treatment was significantly higher than all other treatments. All other treatments; 50% woodchips and 50% compost blend (ECC-1.3, ECC-5), and hydroseeding (HS) had significantly lower runoff and erosion rates compared to topsoil (TS) and compost manufactured topsoil (CMT) at first flush and steady-state. Furthermore, there were no performance differences between 1.3 cm and 5 cm compost applications at first flush or steady-state. The results of this project indicate that particle size, soil moisture capabilities, and time at which rainfall is applied affect surface runoff. TxDOT specification of using ECC at 5 cm depth on a max of 3:1 slope should be reconsidered. An ECC application depth of 1.3 cm was effective in reducing first flush runoff and interrill erosion rates.

Urban development will continue to increase in Texas because of population growth and urban sprawl. Despite the desire for urbanization and expansion of the economy, this growth increases the amount of construction, which, if not properly managed, can increase non-point source pollution and threaten surface water quality. Therefore, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has approved and promoted the use of compost as a stormwater best management practice (BMP) during highway construction. The objectives of this study were to construct and calibrate an indoor rainfall simulator and to determine the effectiveness of using compost rather than conventional hydroseeding or topsoil to reduce erosion from disturbed soils. Runoff rates, interrill erosion, and interrill erodibility were determined and compared across five compost treatments following TxDOT specifications for compost applied as an erosion control and two control treatments of topsoil (TS) and hydroseeding (HS) applied at 5 cm depth. The simulator produced 89% uniformity using ten Veejet 80100 nozzles at a target rate of 100 mm h-1. The surface runoff was collected after 5 minutes of rainfall (first flush) and during the last 30 minutes of rainfall (steady-state). The first flush mean runoff for GUC-5 treatment was significantly higher than all other treatments. All other treatments; 50% woodchips and 50% compost blend (ECC-1.3, ECC-5), and hydroseeding (HS) had significantly lower runoff and erosion rates compared to topsoil (TS) and compost manufactured topsoil (CMT) at first flush and steady-state. Furthermore, there were no performance differences between 1.3 cm and 5 cm compost applications at first flush or steady-state. The results of this project indicate that particle size, soil moisture capabilities, and time at which rainfall is applied affect surface runoff. TxDOT specification of using ECC at 5 cm depth on a max of 3:1 slope should be reconsidered. An ECC application depth of 1.3 cm was effective in reducing first flush runoff and interrill erosion rates.