Cette thèse s’intéresse au développement phonologique et lexical précoce d’enfants arabophones d’origine tunisienne. Son objectif est de considérer à la fois l’influence des contraintes articulatoires (maturité phonatoire) et les caractéristiques de l’input (LAE : langage adressé à l’enfant) dans les premières productions lexicales. Le corpus de cette étude longitudinale est constitué de productions spontanées de 8 enfants arabophones qui on été enregistrés à leur domicile en situation de communication naturelle avec leurs mères entre 11 et 24 mois. L’analyse des données collectées s’effectue en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, nous mesurons l’influence des contraintes articulatoires (biomécaniques) en examinant l’évolution de la complexité phonétique des premiers mots en utilisant l’Indice de Complexité Phonétique (ICP) de Jakielski (2000). Dans un second temps, nous tentons d’évaluer les effets de l’input maternel par la fréquence d’occurrence des sons présents dans le LAE. Les effets de ces deux facteurs sont observés en fonction des différents stades de développement. Les résultats découlant de notre analyse montrent que la complexité phonétique des productions enfantines augmente avec l’âge et la taille du vocabulaire. Au cours du développement les enfants produisent des mots de plus en plus complexes mais dont la complexité est toujours inférieure à celle des mots visés (cibles). Les premières réalisations enfantines procèdent ainsi d’une forme de « sélection lexicale » que les enfants semblent opérer en fonction de leur maturité phonatoire. Nous avons observé également que la valeur de la complexité phonétique des mots cibles (LAE) est inférieure à celle des mots adultes, ce qui semble témoigner d’une adaptation des mères aux capacités de l’enfant en produisant des mots dont la forme sonore est simplifiée. Par ailleurs, les inventaires phonétiques établis révèlent que l’acquisition du système consonantique est guidée aussi par l’influence de la fréquence des consonnes présentes dans le LAE. Les consonnes bilabiales, approximantes et nasales ont été acquises plus tôt en raison de leur plus haute fréquence dans le LAE. Les formes des mots produits par les enfants tunisiens semblent être influencées aussi par la langue ambiante (arabe tunisien). Avec l’âge, les enfants tunisiens produisent des mots de plus en plus longs (3 syllabes et plus) composés de différentes syllabes de plus en plus complexes (CVCC, CCVC). Enfin nous avons pu décrire, à travers l’analyse des données collectées, le développement des premières productions lexicales en arabe tunisien qui semblent avoir été plus influencées par la complexité phonético-phonologique que par la fréquence d’occurrence. / This Work focuses on early phonological and lexical development of Tunisian Arabic--speaking children. Its aim is to consider both the influence of articulatory constraints (phonatory maturity) and the input characteristics (CDS: Children Directed Speech) on first lexical productions. The data of this longitudinal study consists of spontaneous productions of 8 Arabic-speaking children who have been recorded at home in natural communication environnement with their mothers between 11 and 24 months. Analysis of data executes in two parts. In a first time, we measure the influence of articulatory constraints (biomécanics) by examining the evolution of phonetic complexity of the first words by using the Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC) (Jakielski 2000). Secondly, we attempt to evaluate the effects of maternal input by the frequency of occurrence of the sounds presents in the CDS. The effects of these two factors are observed according to the linguistic stages of children. Our results show that the IPC children's increases significantly with vocabulary size. Moreover, we showed that although children’s IPC increases with time, its value is always inferior to that of target words. We propose that children’s realizations are the result of some kind of lexical selectivity which is determined by their phonatory maturity. (i.e. words composed of already attested segments in their phonetic inventory). In addition our results reveal that mothers adapt their language to their children’s abilities (i.e. the value of IPC of target words is inferior to that of adult’s words. Otherwise, the phonetic inventory show that the acquisition of the consonant system is also guided by the influence of the frequency of these consonants presents in the CDS. Bilabial consonants, approximants and nasals were acquired earlier because of their higher frequency in the CDS. The shapes of words produced by Tunisian children seem to be influenced also by the ambient language (Tunisian Arabic). With age, Tunisian children produce words increasingly long (three syllables or more) composed of different syllables increasingly complex (CVCC, CVCC). Finally we describe, through analysis of data, the development of the Tunisian first lexical productions that seem to have been more influenced by the phonetic-phonological complexity than by frequency of occurrence.

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Submitted by Glauber Assunção Moreira (glauber.a.moreira@gmail.com) on 2018-09-12T19:01:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O DESENVOLVIMENTO LEXICAL INICIAL DOS 8 AOS 16 MESES DE IDADE A PARTIR DO INVENTÁRIO MACARTHUR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO COMUNICATIVO – PROTOCOLO PALAVRAS E GESTOS.pdf: 1929876 bytes, checksum: 697c5acd6e5a80c23aee19c6d81b29bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marly Santos (marly@ufba.br) on 2018-09-13T17:10:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O DESENVOLVIMENTO LEXICAL INICIAL DOS 8 AOS 16 MESES DE IDADE A PARTIR DO INVENTÁRIO MACARTHUR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO COMUNICATIVO – PROTOCOLO PALAVRAS E GESTOS.pdf: 1929876 bytes, checksum: 697c5acd6e5a80c23aee19c6d81b29bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T17:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O DESENVOLVIMENTO LEXICAL INICIAL DOS 8 AOS 16 MESES DE IDADE A PARTIR DO INVENTÁRIO MACARTHUR DE DESENVOLVIMENTO COMUNICATIVO – PROTOCOLO PALAVRAS E GESTOS.pdf: 1929876 bytes, checksum: 697c5acd6e5a80c23aee19c6d81b29bf (MD5) / O desenvolvimento lexical inicial de crianças entre 8 e 16 meses de idade adquirindo o português brasileiro é um assunto pouco explorado pela literatura. Adotando como instrumento de coleta o protocolo “Palavras e Gestos” dos Inventários MacArthur de Desenvolvimento Comunicativo – elaborado em língua inglesa e já adaptado e normatizado para diversos idiomas – que se refere à medição da compreensão e da produção lexical e ao uso de gestos comunicativos de crianças desta faixa etária, e adotando também a sua metodologia, baseada no relato parental, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos: fornecer informações a respeito dos padrões de compreensão e de produção lexical, a partir das informações que podem ser obtidas com o protocolo, no intuito de fornecer uma visão do desenvolvimento lexical dos 8 aos 16 meses de idade; adaptar o protocolo para o português brasileiro a fim de torná-lo eficaz e válido também para o português; e investigar a eficácia do Inventário enquanto instrumento de pesquisa elaborado para este fim. Para a composição do corpus, 27 pais, pertencentes à classe sócio-escolar A ou B, de crianças nesta faixa etária, foram entrevistados. Os dados obtidos permitiram chegar às seguintes conclusões: existe uma asssimetria entre a quantidade de itens lexicais comprendidos e a quantidade de itens produzidos; no nível da compreensão, o grupo dos “Nomes Comuns” predomina em todas as faixas etárias, seguido do grupo dos “Predicados”; na produção, as categorias “Sons de Coisas e de Aninais”, “Pessoas”, “Objetos e Lugares fora da casa” e “Jogos e Rotinas” dominam até o primeiro ano de vida, sendo que, a partir daí, outras categorias semânticas como “Comidas e Bebidas”, “Palavras de Ação”, “Partes do Corpo”, “Animais” e “Utensílios da Casa” começam a aparecer em maior número. Algumas informações importantes e necessárias para uma análise desta fase inicial como contextos e freqüência de uso e forma fonética não são fornecidas devido a limitações do próprio intrumento. Em linhas gerais, as informações oriundas desta coleta corroboram estudos já realizados, em outras línguas, a respeito dessa fase inicial de aquisição, embora os dados obtidos com o protocolo sejam considerados elevados em comparação com os dados de outros estudos longitudinais e de diário. / The early lexical development of children between 8 to 16 months acquiring the brazilian portuguese is a poorly explored topic in the avaiable literature. Adopting as a data-gathering model the “Words and Gestures” protocol of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories – developed for the English language but alredy widely adapted and normalized for use with various languages – wich aims to measure the comprehension, lexical production and the use of communicative gestures by children in this age range, and adopting as well the metodology, based in parental report, this dissertation hopes to achieve the following objectives: to provide further data regarding the patterns of comprehension and production in the lexical development, within the limits of the protocol, with the goal of developing a vision of the lexical development of children fron 8 to 16 months; to adapt the protocol validly and effectively for use with brazilian portuguese; and to investigate the effectiveness of the Inventory as an instrument to achieve these goals. The body of data was composed by interviews with 27 parents of children in this age range, either from socio-educational class A or B. the data obtained suggest the following conclusions: that the comprehension of lexical items occurs asymmetrically with regards to production; that at the level of comprehension, the group “Common Nouns” predominates at all ages, followed by the group of “Predicatives”; that in production the categories “Sounds of Things and Animals”, “People”, “Object and Places outside ”, and “Games and Routines” predominate up to one year of age, but after that other semantic categories such as “Foods and Drinks”, “Action Words”, “Parts of the Body”, “Animals”, and “Household Items” begin to appear with greater frequency. Some important and necessary information for an in depth analysis at this initial state, such as the contexts and frequencies of use and the phonetic forms utilized are not supplied due to the limitations of the model for data collection employed. Generally, the data from this study corroborate previous research performed in other languages regarding this initial satge of language acquisition, although the data obtained with the protocol may be considered high in comparison with data provided by other studies.