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Produção de Materiais de Referência Para Nutrientes e Contaminantes Inorgânicos em Amostras de Ração e Tecido de Peixe / Preparation of reference materials for nutrients and inorganic contaminants in fish feed and fish tissue samplesMayumi Silva Kawamoto 21 December 2018 (has links)
Para que o crescimento da produção pesqueira no Brasil aconteça de maneira sustentável é necessário o desenvolvimento de bases científicas e tecnológicas sólidas, que solucionem as demandas existentes nos diversos elos da cadeia produtiva. Uma das principais evidências da qualidade dos produtos é fornecida pelos resultados analíticos, cuja confiabilidade e exatidão podem ser asseguradas pelo emprego de materiais de referência (RM). Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido material de referência de ração para peixe para macro e micronutrientes e parâmetros bromatológicos e está em fase final de desenvolvimento um RM de tecido de peixe para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos. A produção dos materiais seguiu as diretrizes das ISO Guias 30-35, considerando a preparação, envase, irradiação, massa mínima, homogeneidade, estabilidade a curto e a longo prazo e caracterização do material. Para produzir os RMs de ração e tecido de peixe, as amostras foram obtidas a partir de fornecedores comerciais. Os materiais foram secos/liofilizados, moídos, homogeneizados e envasados em frascos de vidro âmbar que, posteriormente, foram submetidos à irradiação com raios gama, para esterilização do material, visando o aumento do seu tempo de prateleira. A caracterização química do RM de ração foi efetuada através de um ensaio colaborativo, com a participação de laboratórios de diferentes instituições, públicas e privadas. A avaliação da estimativa da massa mínima, da homogeneidade e da estabilidade do material foi realizada utilizando-se como técnicas de determinação a espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP OES) e a espectrometria de massa por plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS). Foi possível observar que o lote de ração para peixe pode ser considerado homogêneo para Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na e S, uma vez que não foi verificada diferença significativa no intervalo de confiança de 95%. A avaliação da estabilidade a longo prazo do RM de ração foi feita pela análise de resíduos da regressão em conjunto com a ANOVA e a avaliação da estabilidade a curto prazo foi obtida por meio de regressão linear simples. O RM de ração foi considerado suficientemente estável para ser armazenado à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos durante a produção do RM de ração e através do ensaio colaborativo possibilitaram a caracterização química e o cálculo das componentes de incerteza, sendo elaborado o documento com os valores de referência RM e as incertezas expandidas para cada um dos analitos avaliados. O RM de tecido de peixe foi avaliado em sua homogeneidade e estabilidade a curto prazo, sendo considerado homogêneo e estável para transporte a temperaturas inferiores a 37ºC. / For the growth of fisheries production in a sustainable way is necessary the development of sound scientific and technological basis, addressing the existing demands in the various links in the production chain. One of the main evidences of the quality of the products is provided by the analytical results, whose reliability and accuracy can be assured by the use of reference materials (RM). In this context, it was produced a RM of fish feed for macro-and micronutrients and proximates and it is in its final stage of development a RM of fish tissue for nutrients and inorganic contaminants. The production of reference materials followed the ISO Guides 30-35 norms: preparation and packaging, irradiation, minimum sample, homogeneity, short- and long-term stability, and material characterization. In order to produce a RMs of fish feed and fish tissue, the matrices were obtained from commercial suppliers. The samples were dried/freeze-dried, pulverized, homogenized and aliquoted into amber glass bottles, which later were subjected to gamma Ray irradiation (5-10 KGy), in order to increase its shelf life. The chemical characterization of the candidate fish feed RM was made through a collaborative trial with the participation of various laboratories of different institutions. The study of minimum sample, homogeneity and stability of the material were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as determination techniques. The fish feed batch can be considered homogeneous for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Na, since there was no significant difference in significance level of 0.05. Long-term stability study of the RM of fish feed was performed by the residual analysis in regression and ANOVA and the short-term stability study was performed by simple linear regression. The RM was considered sufficiently stable to be stored at room temperature. The data obtained along the production and through the collaborative trial allowed the characterization of the fish feed RM and the determination of uncertainties components. It was prepared the analysis document with the reference values and expanded uncertainties. The RM of fish tissue was evaluated in its homogeneity and short-term stability and its considered homogeneous and stable to be transported under normal conditions.
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Produção de Materiais de Referência Para Nutrientes e Contaminantes Inorgânicos em Amostras de Ração e Tecido de Peixe / Preparation of reference materials for nutrients and inorganic contaminants in fish feed and fish tissue samplesKawamoto, Mayumi Silva 21 December 2018 (has links)
Para que o crescimento da produção pesqueira no Brasil aconteça de maneira sustentável é necessário o desenvolvimento de bases científicas e tecnológicas sólidas, que solucionem as demandas existentes nos diversos elos da cadeia produtiva. Uma das principais evidências da qualidade dos produtos é fornecida pelos resultados analíticos, cuja confiabilidade e exatidão podem ser asseguradas pelo emprego de materiais de referência (RM). Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido material de referência de ração para peixe para macro e micronutrientes e parâmetros bromatológicos e está em fase final de desenvolvimento um RM de tecido de peixe para nutrientes e contaminantes inorgânicos. A produção dos materiais seguiu as diretrizes das ISO Guias 30-35, considerando a preparação, envase, irradiação, massa mínima, homogeneidade, estabilidade a curto e a longo prazo e caracterização do material. Para produzir os RMs de ração e tecido de peixe, as amostras foram obtidas a partir de fornecedores comerciais. Os materiais foram secos/liofilizados, moídos, homogeneizados e envasados em frascos de vidro âmbar que, posteriormente, foram submetidos à irradiação com raios gama, para esterilização do material, visando o aumento do seu tempo de prateleira. A caracterização química do RM de ração foi efetuada através de um ensaio colaborativo, com a participação de laboratórios de diferentes instituições, públicas e privadas. A avaliação da estimativa da massa mínima, da homogeneidade e da estabilidade do material foi realizada utilizando-se como técnicas de determinação a espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP OES) e a espectrometria de massa por plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS). Foi possível observar que o lote de ração para peixe pode ser considerado homogêneo para Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na e S, uma vez que não foi verificada diferença significativa no intervalo de confiança de 95%. A avaliação da estabilidade a longo prazo do RM de ração foi feita pela análise de resíduos da regressão em conjunto com a ANOVA e a avaliação da estabilidade a curto prazo foi obtida por meio de regressão linear simples. O RM de ração foi considerado suficientemente estável para ser armazenado à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos durante a produção do RM de ração e através do ensaio colaborativo possibilitaram a caracterização química e o cálculo das componentes de incerteza, sendo elaborado o documento com os valores de referência RM e as incertezas expandidas para cada um dos analitos avaliados. O RM de tecido de peixe foi avaliado em sua homogeneidade e estabilidade a curto prazo, sendo considerado homogêneo e estável para transporte a temperaturas inferiores a 37ºC. / For the growth of fisheries production in a sustainable way is necessary the development of sound scientific and technological basis, addressing the existing demands in the various links in the production chain. One of the main evidences of the quality of the products is provided by the analytical results, whose reliability and accuracy can be assured by the use of reference materials (RM). In this context, it was produced a RM of fish feed for macro-and micronutrients and proximates and it is in its final stage of development a RM of fish tissue for nutrients and inorganic contaminants. The production of reference materials followed the ISO Guides 30-35 norms: preparation and packaging, irradiation, minimum sample, homogeneity, short- and long-term stability, and material characterization. In order to produce a RMs of fish feed and fish tissue, the matrices were obtained from commercial suppliers. The samples were dried/freeze-dried, pulverized, homogenized and aliquoted into amber glass bottles, which later were subjected to gamma Ray irradiation (5-10 KGy), in order to increase its shelf life. The chemical characterization of the candidate fish feed RM was made through a collaborative trial with the participation of various laboratories of different institutions. The study of minimum sample, homogeneity and stability of the material were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as determination techniques. The fish feed batch can be considered homogeneous for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Na, since there was no significant difference in significance level of 0.05. Long-term stability study of the RM of fish feed was performed by the residual analysis in regression and ANOVA and the short-term stability study was performed by simple linear regression. The RM was considered sufficiently stable to be stored at room temperature. The data obtained along the production and through the collaborative trial allowed the characterization of the fish feed RM and the determination of uncertainties components. It was prepared the analysis document with the reference values and expanded uncertainties. The RM of fish tissue was evaluated in its homogeneity and short-term stability and its considered homogeneous and stable to be transported under normal conditions.
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The Relationship between Methylation of Mercury and the Fluvial Geomorphic Variables of Streams across the Continental United StatesPorter, Steven 11 September 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para análise de parabenos em tecido de peixes / Development and validation of the analytical method for analysis of parabens in fish tissueRibeiro, Gabriela Lemos de Oliveira 11 December 2014 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um método analítico para a investigação de parabenos em tecido de peixe. Para o preparo de amostra empregou-se como método a microextração líquido-líquido (LLME) seguido de análise cromatográfica líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a um detector de arranjo de diodos. Empregou-se coluna Nucleodur C8 (4,6 x 250 mm, 5 µm), com injeção de 20µL, fluxo de 1mL min-1, temperatura de 25 °C, comprimento de onda 258nm e fase móvel composta por água acidificada com 1% de ácido acético e metanol em modo gradiente na proporção de 60% de metanol até 8 minutos e de 65% até 20 minutos. A recuperação do método para o metilparabeno nas concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 foi de 94; 95; 89; 83; 100 e 74% respectivamente e o desvio padrão relativo foi de 7,0; 0,5; 3,2; 10,0; 5,2 e 2,9 %para as seis concentrações. A recuperação do etilparabeno foi de 107; 103; 80; 89; 89 e 88% para as seguintes concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 e o desvio padrão foi de 7,4; 4,1; 12,2; 3,2; 7,7 e 3,6 % respectivamente. A recuperação do propilparabeno foi de 106; 96; 94; 97; 100 e 76 % para as seguintes concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 e o desvio padrão foi de 14,2; 8,6; 14,9; 4,0; 7,9 e 2,6 % respectivamente. A recuperação do butilparabeno foi de 102; 74; 96; 79; 112 e 78% para as seguintes concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 e o desvio padrão foi de 7,7; 4,0; 9,1; 5,5; 2,0 e 4,2 % respectivamente. Os limites de detecção variaram de 0,0007 a 0,0221 µgL-1 e os de quantificação de 0,0021 a 0,0738 µgL-1. Os coeficientes de correlação ficaram entre 0,9837 a 0,9906 dentro do limite estabelecido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para matrizes biológicas. O método foi aplicado em três amostra de peixes adquiridos no comércio de São Carlos - SP. Em 50% das amostras analisadas encontrou-se picos cromatográficos nos mesmos tempos de retenção dos padrões dos parabenos. A concentração do etilparabeno foi de 0,0438 µgg-1, para o propilparabeno a concentração foi de 0,0365 a 0,0564 µgg-1 e para o butilparabeno a concentração foi de 0,0322 a 0,0678 µgg-1. O metilparabeno foi o único que não foi encontrado nas amostras de tecido dos peixes analisadas. / his research aimed to develop and validate a new chromatographic method combined with liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) for the determination and quantification of parabens in fish tissue. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection was employed with a Nucleodur C8 ec column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm), injection volume of 20?L, wavelength of 258nm, flow rate of 1 mL min-1, temperature of 25 ° C and gradient mode, using 1% of acetic acid diluted in water and methanol, in the proportion of 60% of methanol until 8 minutes and 65% within 20 minutes. The liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) provided adequate recoveries of 94; 95; 89; 83; 100 and 74% for the methylparaben at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0 µgg-1 respectively, with accuracy of 7,0; 0,5; 3,2; 10,0; 5,2 and 2,9 %. The recoveries for the ethylparaben was 107; 103; 80; 89; 89 and 88% at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 and 1,0 µgg-1 respectively,with accuracy of 7,4; 4,1; 12,2; 3,2; 7,7 and 3,6 % The recoveries for the propylparaben was 106; 96; 94; 97; 100 and 76 % at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0 µgg-1 respectively, with accuracy of 14,2; 8,6; 14,9; 4,0; 7,9 and 2,6 % . The recoveries for the butylparaben was 102; 74; 96; 79; 112 and 78%at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0 µgg-1 respectively,with accuracy of 7,7; 4,0; 9,1; 5,5; 2,0 and 4,2 %. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0,0007 a 0,0221 µgL-1 and the method quatification limists (MQLs) ranged from 0,0021 a 0,0738 µgL-1. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9837 to 0.9906 not further than the limits established by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária for complex samples. The method LLME/HPLC-DAD was applied to the analysis of three samples from the market of São Carlos-SP. In 50% of the samples analysed, chromatographic peaks were found at the same retention times of parabens. The ethylparaben concentrations founded was 0,0438 µgg-1, for propylparaben concentration ranged from 0,0365 to 0,0564 µgg-1 and for butylparaben concentration ranged from 0,0322 to 0,0678 µgg-1. The methylparaben was not found in the fish tissue sample analyzed.
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Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para análise de parabenos em tecido de peixes / Development and validation of the analytical method for analysis of parabens in fish tissueGabriela Lemos de Oliveira Ribeiro 11 December 2014 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um método analítico para a investigação de parabenos em tecido de peixe. Para o preparo de amostra empregou-se como método a microextração líquido-líquido (LLME) seguido de análise cromatográfica líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a um detector de arranjo de diodos. Empregou-se coluna Nucleodur C8 (4,6 x 250 mm, 5 µm), com injeção de 20µL, fluxo de 1mL min-1, temperatura de 25 °C, comprimento de onda 258nm e fase móvel composta por água acidificada com 1% de ácido acético e metanol em modo gradiente na proporção de 60% de metanol até 8 minutos e de 65% até 20 minutos. A recuperação do método para o metilparabeno nas concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 foi de 94; 95; 89; 83; 100 e 74% respectivamente e o desvio padrão relativo foi de 7,0; 0,5; 3,2; 10,0; 5,2 e 2,9 %para as seis concentrações. A recuperação do etilparabeno foi de 107; 103; 80; 89; 89 e 88% para as seguintes concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 e o desvio padrão foi de 7,4; 4,1; 12,2; 3,2; 7,7 e 3,6 % respectivamente. A recuperação do propilparabeno foi de 106; 96; 94; 97; 100 e 76 % para as seguintes concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 e o desvio padrão foi de 14,2; 8,6; 14,9; 4,0; 7,9 e 2,6 % respectivamente. A recuperação do butilparabeno foi de 102; 74; 96; 79; 112 e 78% para as seguintes concentrações 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 e 1,0 µgg-1 e o desvio padrão foi de 7,7; 4,0; 9,1; 5,5; 2,0 e 4,2 % respectivamente. Os limites de detecção variaram de 0,0007 a 0,0221 µgL-1 e os de quantificação de 0,0021 a 0,0738 µgL-1. Os coeficientes de correlação ficaram entre 0,9837 a 0,9906 dentro do limite estabelecido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para matrizes biológicas. O método foi aplicado em três amostra de peixes adquiridos no comércio de São Carlos - SP. Em 50% das amostras analisadas encontrou-se picos cromatográficos nos mesmos tempos de retenção dos padrões dos parabenos. A concentração do etilparabeno foi de 0,0438 µgg-1, para o propilparabeno a concentração foi de 0,0365 a 0,0564 µgg-1 e para o butilparabeno a concentração foi de 0,0322 a 0,0678 µgg-1. O metilparabeno foi o único que não foi encontrado nas amostras de tecido dos peixes analisadas. / his research aimed to develop and validate a new chromatographic method combined with liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) for the determination and quantification of parabens in fish tissue. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection was employed with a Nucleodur C8 ec column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm), injection volume of 20?L, wavelength of 258nm, flow rate of 1 mL min-1, temperature of 25 ° C and gradient mode, using 1% of acetic acid diluted in water and methanol, in the proportion of 60% of methanol until 8 minutes and 65% within 20 minutes. The liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) provided adequate recoveries of 94; 95; 89; 83; 100 and 74% for the methylparaben at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0 µgg-1 respectively, with accuracy of 7,0; 0,5; 3,2; 10,0; 5,2 and 2,9 %. The recoveries for the ethylparaben was 107; 103; 80; 89; 89 and 88% at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8 and 1,0 µgg-1 respectively,with accuracy of 7,4; 4,1; 12,2; 3,2; 7,7 and 3,6 % The recoveries for the propylparaben was 106; 96; 94; 97; 100 and 76 % at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0 µgg-1 respectively, with accuracy of 14,2; 8,6; 14,9; 4,0; 7,9 and 2,6 % . The recoveries for the butylparaben was 102; 74; 96; 79; 112 and 78%at concentration of 0,05; 0,1; 0,25; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0 µgg-1 respectively,with accuracy of 7,7; 4,0; 9,1; 5,5; 2,0 and 4,2 %. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0,0007 a 0,0221 µgL-1 and the method quatification limists (MQLs) ranged from 0,0021 a 0,0738 µgL-1. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9837 to 0.9906 not further than the limits established by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária for complex samples. The method LLME/HPLC-DAD was applied to the analysis of three samples from the market of São Carlos-SP. In 50% of the samples analysed, chromatographic peaks were found at the same retention times of parabens. The ethylparaben concentrations founded was 0,0438 µgg-1, for propylparaben concentration ranged from 0,0365 to 0,0564 µgg-1 and for butylparaben concentration ranged from 0,0322 to 0,0678 µgg-1. The methylparaben was not found in the fish tissue sample analyzed.
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The determination of dioxin-like POPs in sediments and fish of the Vaal Triangle region, Gauteng, South Africa / Claudine NieuwoudtNieuwoudt, Claudine January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M. Environmental Science (Water Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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The determination of dioxin-like POPs in sediments and fish of the Vaal Triangle region, Gauteng, South Africa / Claudine NieuwoudtNieuwoudt, Claudine January 2006 (has links)
Water resources in South Africa are scarce, and should therefore be protected against
pollutants, also from persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This is emphasised by the
Stockholm Convention on POPs, which aims at reducing and ultimately eliminating POPs.
South Africa signed and ratified the treaty, and it became international law on 17 May
2004.
POPS are highly stable, toxic, hydrophobic and lipophilic compounds, with the ability to
accumulate in biological tissues. Previous research had shown that dioxin-like POPS are
present in the aquatic environments of South Africa, with the highest concentrations of
these substances measured in industrialised areas of South Africa. The present study
aimed at investigating the extent of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxin (PCDD),
polychlorinated dibenzo-furan (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) pollution in the
Vaal Triangle, by targeting aquatic sediments and biota.
Sediment samples were collected from the Blesbok Spruit, Taaibos Spruit, Leeu Spruit and
Suikerbosrand River, and fish tissue samples were collected from Blesbok Spruit and
Suikerbosrand River, to determine bio-accumulation. The samples were extracted with
organic solvents, cleaned-up and fractionated. Raw extracts and fractions were analysed
with the H4IIE-luc reporter gene bio-assay. This bio-assay is a rapid, sensitive and
relatively cost-effective method, which measures the effects of dioxin-like compounds on
rat hepatoma cells, transfected with firefly luciferase gene. Selected samples were
analysed with gas chromatographylmass spectrometry (GCIMS) to confirm results.
Only one site had quantifiable amounts of dioxin-like substances in the sediment,
measured to be 52.35 ng/kg [Effective Concentration 50 (EC 50)]. This value exceeds
many of the European and USA quality guidelines, proposed for sediments. No dioxin-like
substances were found in fish tissues. The absence of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in aquatic
sediments and fish tissues from the Vaal Triangle area might be due to the climatic
conditions of the area, dilution effects in streams, and degradation of these compounds by
UV-radiation and microbial organisms. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science (Water Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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The determination of dioxin-like POPs in sediments and fish of the Vaal Triangle region, Gauteng, South Africa / Claudine NieuwoudtNieuwoudt, Claudine January 2006 (has links)
Water resources in South Africa are scarce, and should therefore be protected against
pollutants, also from persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This is emphasised by the
Stockholm Convention on POPs, which aims at reducing and ultimately eliminating POPs.
South Africa signed and ratified the treaty, and it became international law on 17 May
2004.
POPS are highly stable, toxic, hydrophobic and lipophilic compounds, with the ability to
accumulate in biological tissues. Previous research had shown that dioxin-like POPS are
present in the aquatic environments of South Africa, with the highest concentrations of
these substances measured in industrialised areas of South Africa. The present study
aimed at investigating the extent of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxin (PCDD),
polychlorinated dibenzo-furan (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) pollution in the
Vaal Triangle, by targeting aquatic sediments and biota.
Sediment samples were collected from the Blesbok Spruit, Taaibos Spruit, Leeu Spruit and
Suikerbosrand River, and fish tissue samples were collected from Blesbok Spruit and
Suikerbosrand River, to determine bio-accumulation. The samples were extracted with
organic solvents, cleaned-up and fractionated. Raw extracts and fractions were analysed
with the H4IIE-luc reporter gene bio-assay. This bio-assay is a rapid, sensitive and
relatively cost-effective method, which measures the effects of dioxin-like compounds on
rat hepatoma cells, transfected with firefly luciferase gene. Selected samples were
analysed with gas chromatographylmass spectrometry (GCIMS) to confirm results.
Only one site had quantifiable amounts of dioxin-like substances in the sediment,
measured to be 52.35 ng/kg [Effective Concentration 50 (EC 50)]. This value exceeds
many of the European and USA quality guidelines, proposed for sediments. No dioxin-like
substances were found in fish tissues. The absence of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in aquatic
sediments and fish tissues from the Vaal Triangle area might be due to the climatic
conditions of the area, dilution effects in streams, and degradation of these compounds by
UV-radiation and microbial organisms. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science (Water Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Extrakce vybraných sloučenin rtuti z reálných vzorků pro speciační analýzu pomocí RP-HPLC-UV-CVG-QTAAS / Extraction of Selected Mercury Compounds from Real Samples for Speciation Analysis Employing RP-HPLC-UV-CVG-QTAASKolorosová, Alžběta January 2015 (has links)
The extraction of mercury species (methylmercury, ethylmercury, phenylmercury and inorganic mercury(II)) from fish tissue, its determination by reverse phase HPLC, UV-photochemical generation of cold vapour, and detection by atomic absorption spectrometry is described in this work. Various extraction agents and digestion methods were compared in order to find the best alternative. The mixture of 6.25% tetramethylammonium hydroxide and 0.05 mol·l-1 hydrochloride acid was chosen as the best extraction agent. In addition to the high extraction efficiency, the solution involved positively not only UV-photochemical generation, but also separation of observed species. On the contrary, the poor repeatability was achieved with the microwave-assisted digestion due to the proved sorption of mercury species on the Teflon vessels. Therefore, the extraction by high temperature (50-60 řC) in glass bottles was preferred. The results of the determination of the mercury species after the extraction from the real samples were compared to the outcomes obtained by AMA 254. The proposed extraction technique together with the RP-HPLC-UV-CVG-QTAAS is suitable for the speciation analysis of mercury.
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Evaluating Ohio River Basin Waters: A Water Quality and Water Resources Internship with the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation CommissionDefenbaugh, Angela Lynn 10 January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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