Since 2007 the EU commission has been investigating Sweden regarding their implementation of the Council's directive 1999/70/EC concerning the framework agreement on fixed-term work into Swedish law after a report to the commission from a Swedish confederation of officials, TCO. After many years and turns back and forth between the commission and the Swedish government with several failed suggestions of changes to the Swedish legislation regarding fixed-term contracts, the government presented a final suggestion that was successfully voted through and thereby new rules regarding fixed-term contracts applies in Sweden from 1 May 2016.During this whole process, and before it as well, there has been a discussion between the parties of the labour market on whether fixed-term contracts are being misused or not in Sweden. The main purpose of this essay is to shed some light on the question of this misuse of fixed-term contracts and to see what consequences such misuse, if it exists, could have on the society and specifically on the labour market integration of newly arrived citizens.If misuse of fixed-term contracts exist or not is a question of interpretation and is depending on how the labour market is viewed. There are different perspectives and different theories on how the labour market should function to best profit the society. What effects the new Swedish legislation regarding fixed-term contracts will have on the society and on the integration of newly arrived citizens in the future is yet to be shown. If the new rules regarding fixed-term contracts fulfill their purpose in strengthening the employee protection that could have a positive outcome for both newly arrived citizens and the society at large.

With the current scenario of development of antennas in the wireless communication field, the need of compact multiband, multifunctional and cost effective antenna is on the rise. The objective of this thesis is to present fixed and reconfigurable techniques and methods for small and slim multiband antennas, which are applicable to serve modern small and slime wireless, mobile and cognitive radio applications. In the fixed designs, independent control of the operating frequencies is investigated to enhance the antennas capabilities and to give the designer an additional level of freedom to design the antenna for other bands easily without altering the shape or the size of the antenna. In addition, for mobile phone antenna, the effect of user’s hand and mobile phone housing are studied to be with minimum effect. Although fixed multiband antennas can widely be used in many different systems or devices, they lack flexibility to accommodate new services compared with reconfigurable antennas. A reconfigurable antenna can be considered as one of the key advances for future wireless communication transceivers. The advantage of using a reconfigurable antenna is to operate in multiband where the total antenna volume can be reused and therefore the overall size can be reduced. Moreover, the future of cell phones and other personal mobile devices require compact multiband antennas and smart antennas with reconfigurable features. Two different types of frequency reconfigurability are investigated in this thesis: switchable and tunable. In the switchable reconfigurability, PIN diodes have been used so the antenna’s operating frequencies can hop between different services whereas varactor diode with variable capacitance allow the antenna’s operating frequencies to be fine-tuned over the operating bands. With this in mind, firstly, a switchable compact and slim antenna with two patch elements is presented for cognitive radio applications where the antenna is capable of operating in wideband and narrow bands depending on the states of the switches. In addition to this, a switchable design is proposed to switch between single, dual and tri bands applications (using a single varactor diode to act as a switch at lower capacitance values) with some fine tuning capabilities for the first and third bands when the capacitance of the diode is further increased. Secondly, the earlier designed fixed antennas are modified to be reconfigurable with fine-tuning so that they can be used for more applications in both wireless and mobile applications with the ability to control the bands simultaneously or independently over a wide range. Both analytical and numerical methods are used to implement a realistic and functional design. Parametric analyses using simulation tools are performed to study critical parameters that may affect the designs. Finally, the simulated designs are fabricated, and measured results are presented that validate the design approaches.

Fixed-term employment has become increasingly common in the Swedish labour market, despite that the stated main rule is permanent employment. The phenomenon affects different groups in society, especially since statistics indicate that it is mainly women, young and foreign-born people who have fixed-term contracts. Sweden was notified from the European Commission for not having lived up to the minimum requirements that the Council Directive 1999/70/EC framework agreement on fixed-term work issued. Several years of correspondence resulted in that Sweden was faced with the risk to stand in front of the Court of Justice of the European Union on charges of infringement if the law was not changed. A new law was presented May 1 2016. Lawmakers had here taken up by the Directive's requirement of maximum total duration of successive fixed-term employment contracts. This resulted in giving 5 § of the employment protection act, a bigger possibility to convert fixed- term contracts into permanent employment contracts than before. The purpose of this paper is to look at the differences between different social groups and job security, and to examine, illuminate and analyze the problem of fixed-term employment for different groups of workers and to set this in relation to the EU Directive on fixed-term. To answer the purpose of the essay and research questions the doctrinal method has been used to interpret, investigate and determine the applicable law. The new legislation has made it much more difficult for employers to misuse of fixed-term contracts, but it is very difficult to interpret the provisions of the law. In my opinion, unnecessarily complicated which is an important factor that can make the new legislation ineffective.

With the development of the transport, the traffic is more and more crowed. And another reason which is the price of the vehicle is cheaper. So much more people can buy the cars, thus, the road is more crowd, people should park their cars which need a lot of area, so we can see lots of parking lots in the city, but the classical parking system cannot reach the requirements nowadays. So, we should a new parking system. So, in this report, we will introduce a new parking lot and system, which includes the modelling, programming, material stress analysis and motors. At first, we reference the classical parking lots and some new parking lots. We find some problem about them which have not enough area and non-automated. Thus, we design a dimensional parking lot with programming. Which can realize automatic. Secondly, we use the inventor 2017 to build the model and analysis about stress concentration. We also use inventor to simulation the action about our parking lot. In the model, we use the hydraulic system to drive the lift, which can up and down to park the cars, and we create a new system to fix the wheels to make sure the cars cannot move in the movement procedure. Finally, our parking lot is an automatic and dimensional project. We will show you much more detail about our project, we hope our project will improve the parking lots to make people’s life better and convenient.

We study the sensitivity of fixed target neutrino experiments (LSND, T2K, CENNS, and COHERENT) and proton beam dumps (MiniBooNE off-target, and SHiP) to sub-GeV dark matter. In order to reproduce the observed thermal relic abundance, these states are coupled to the Standard Model via new, low mass mediators in the form of a kinetically mixed U(1)0 vector mediator or a vector mediator gauging baryon number. We present a model for the production of low mass dark matter from proton-nucleon collisions in fixed targets. Sensitivity projections are made using signals from elastic electron- and nucleon-dark matter scattering, as well as coherent nuclear-dark matter scattering and dark matter induced inelastic π 0 production. A fixed target Monte Carlo code has been developed for this analysis, and documentation is included. We find that analyses using current and future proton fixed target experiments are capable of placing new limits on the hidden sector dark matter parameter space for dark matter masses of up to 500\,MeV and mediator masses as large as a few GeV. / Graduate

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the immediate and subsequent effects of fixed-time attention on problem behavior maintained by therapist attention utilizing a three-component multiple-schedule design. The treatment analysis indicated that fixed-time attention produced a significant immediate decrease in the frequency of physically disruptive behavior (PDB), represented by low frequencies of PDB in Component 2, as well as a continued subsequent effect, represented by lower frequencies of problem behavior in Component 3 when compared to Component 1. The possible behavioral mechanisms responsible for the observed suppression in Component 2 of the treatment analysis are discussed. Evidence of behavioral contrast was observed in Components 1 and 3 of the treatment analysis in conditions in which Component 2 contained a fixed-time schedule of stimulus delivery. In addition, limitations and future research are outlined.

First-in-man (FIM) Phase I clinical trials are part of the critical path in the development of a new compound entity (NCE). Since FIM clinical trials are the first time that an NCE is dosed in human subjects, the designs used in these trials are unique and geared toward patient safety. We develop a method for obtaining the desired response using an adaptive non-linear approach. This method is applicable for studies in which MTD, NOEL,NOAEL, PK, PD effects or other such endpoints are evaluated to determine the desired dose. The method has application whenever a measurable PD marker is an indicator of potential efficacy and could be particularly useful for dose finding studies. The advantages in the adaptive non-linear methodology is that the actual range of dose response and lowest non-effective dose levels are more quickly and accurately determined using fewer subjects than typically needed for a conventional early phase clinical trial. Using the nonlinear logistic model, we demonstrate, with simulations, that the DOSEFIND approach has better asymptotic relative efficiency than a fixed-dose approach. Further, we demonstrate that, on average, this method is consistent in reproducing .the target dose, that it has very little bias. This is an indicator of reproducibility of the method, showing that the long-run average error is quite small. Additionally, DOSEFIND is more cost effective because the sample size needed to obtain the desired target dose is much smaller than that needed in the fixed dose approach.

This thesis focuses on the relationship between crime and education, as well as macroeconomic and demographic factors such as police efficiency, GDP per capita, employment rate, population density, age and sexual composition of the society. We use the data of fourteen regions of the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2012. First, we apply the fixed-effect model in the data analysis, and further we use GMM for the estimation of new dynamic panel dataset. In addition, taking the possible time effects into account, we also add the time dummies in both regression models. Our finding finds the unexpectedly positive effects of secondary education with A-level exam, GDP per capita and the proportion of population aged 30-59 years old on most of criminal offences. On the other hand, the male ratio in population and the clearance rate are found to influence crimes negatively. Higher education and employment rate are also found to be related negatively with economic crimes. JEL Classification A14, E69, I21, I23, I25, I29, J19, R19 Keywords education, crime, employment, GDP, gender ratio, age, the Czech Republic, panel data, fixed-effect, GMM Author's e-mail cindy1114@livemail.tw Supervisor's e-mail brizova.ies@seznam.cz

Determinants of financial development Abstract The paper studies effects of country level determinants on the rate of financial development and, in particular, assesses the empirical question whether democracy and political freedom can enhance financial development, as measured by Bank Private Credit to GDP and Liquid Liabilities to GDP. Using Fixed Effects estimation techniques and a panel data for a list of 39 countries over the period 1990 to 2011, we provide evidence that suggests positive link between political openness and financial development. The empirical evidence also confirms financial openness and real per capita income to be positively correlated to financial deepening and in contrast, we find that size of financial sector does not spur the rate of financial development.

Fixed-term employment relationships as demarcated by Czech and French legal regulation Abstract The present paper analyzes fixed-term employment relationships as demarcated by Czech and French legal regulation. The purpose of the study is to discuss similarities and differences within the examined legislations, provide a basic historical background and reflect on whether the French legislation could be used as a source of inspiration for Czech law. In author's opinion, due to the frequent issues arising in connection with the application of the legal regulation of fixed-term employment relationships, this thesis could also serve as a source of interesting facts for both employees and employers. The paper is divided into four chapters. The introductory chapter looks briefly at labour law as a distinct legal branch, highlighting some of the issues which the doctrine of labour law must contend with in the context of the re-codification of private law and defining "an employment relationship" as the basic legal term of the thesis as a whole. The second and third chapters examine the legal regulation of fixed-term employment relationships. Firstly, the Czech legal regulation is reviewed and, subsequently, the French law is explored. The parallel structure of these chapters is such that any differences in the...