This thesis argues that the espionage fiction of Graham Greene, Ian Fleming and John le Carré published between 1945 and 1979 illustrates a number of discontinuities, disjunctions and paradoxes related to space, sovereignty and national identity in post-war Britain. To this effect, the thesis has three broad aims. Firstly, to approach the representations of space and sovereign power in the work of these authors published during the period 1945-1979, examining the way in which sovereign power produces space, and then how that power is distributed and maintained. Secondly, to analyse the effect that sovereign power has on a variety of social and cultural environments represented within spy fiction and how the exercise of power affects the response of individuals within them. Thirdly, to establish how the intervention of sovereign power within environments relates to the creation, propagation and exclusion of national identities within each author’s work. By mapping the application of sovereign power throughout various environments, the thesis demonstrates that the control of environment is inextricably linked to the sovereign control of British subjects in espionage fiction. Moreover, the role of the spy in the application of sovereign power reveals a paradox integral to the espionage genre, namely that the maintenance of sovereign power exists only through the undermining of its core principles. Sovereignty, in these texts, is maintained only by weakening the sovereign control of other nations.

The aim of this master thesis is to empirically validate "hypothesis of twin deficits", resulting from Mundell-Fleming model, in the Czech Republic in years 1999-2010. The econometric method used was VAR models and Impulse Response Functions based on these models. Analysis proved that as a result of government deficit increase, through exchange rate appreciation, the balance of foreign trade deteriorates. Another fact discovered is that people are partially behaving as described by Ricardo-Barro equivalence. Their reaction on increased government deficit is increase of their personal savings as well as consumption. But increase of personal savings is not sufficiently compensating the deficit in government budget. Similar results were achieved also in analysis of government spendings.

<p>Jag undersöker huruvida fundamentala faktorer såsom konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter samt utländsk exportefterfrågan inverkat på fluktuationer i USAs reala växelkurs mellan 1970 och 2005. Ekonomin beskrivs av en Mundell-Fleming-modell. Utifrån denna konstrueras tillsammans med en dynamisk exportmodell av Gottfries (2002) ett uttryck för en hypotetisk real växelkurs, vars utveckling jämförs med den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen. Jag finner vid denna beräkning samt vid en statistik analys, båda grundande på kvartalsdata, att den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen föregår chocker i konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter med tre-fyra års sikt, vilket jag tolkar som att marknadens aktörer förutser förändringar inom de fundamentala faktorerna och påverkar valutaflödena därefter. Detta resultat utmärker sig från rådande empirisk forskning, som överlag inte finner något samband mellan växelkurser och fundamentala faktorer.</p>

Jag undersöker huruvida fundamentala faktorer såsom konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter samt utländsk exportefterfrågan inverkat på fluktuationer i USAs reala växelkurs mellan 1970 och 2005. Ekonomin beskrivs av en Mundell-Fleming-modell. Utifrån denna konstrueras tillsammans med en dynamisk exportmodell av Gottfries (2002) ett uttryck för en hypotetisk real växelkurs, vars utveckling jämförs med den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen. Jag finner vid denna beräkning samt vid en statistik analys, båda grundande på kvartalsdata, att den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen föregår chocker i konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter med tre-fyra års sikt, vilket jag tolkar som att marknadens aktörer förutser förändringar inom de fundamentala faktorerna och påverkar valutaflödena därefter. Detta resultat utmärker sig från rådande empirisk forskning, som överlag inte finner något samband mellan växelkurser och fundamentala faktorer.

Der große europäische Barockdichter, Reiseschriftsteller und Arzt Paul Fleming (1609 – 1640), geboren in Hartenstein bei Chemnitz, wurde im Oktober dieses Jahres vor 400 Jahren geboren. Neben seiner Dichtung wurde Fleming durch die literarische Auseinandersetzung mit den Kulturen jener Gebiete bekannt, die er auf einer mehrjährigen Gesandtschaftsreise kennen lernte: Russland, die Länder des Baltikums, des Kaukasus und des Kaspischen Meeres und schließlich Persien. Seine Werke wurden unter anderen von Johann Sebastian Bach vertonte. David Pohle, der fürstliche Kapellmeister in den sächsischen Sekundogeniturfürstentümern, vertonte Oden des mit 30 Jahren frühvollendeten Fleming. Er war neben Martin Opitz der bedeutendste deutschsprachige Dichter des 17. Jahrhunderts. Den 400. Geburtstag nimmt die Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz zum Anlass, die Bedeutung Paul Flemings mit einer Ausstellung und Festveranstaltung zu würdigen.

La synthèse énantiosélective de deux pyrrolizidines naturelles, la (+)-rétronecine et la (+)-hyacinthacine A1, a été effectuée en se basant sur la réaction de cycloaddition [2+2] du dichlorocétène sur un éther d'énol chiral encombré. Ces synthèses sont caractérisées par une séquence très efficace conduisant à un lactame chiral (intermédiaire commun) qui conduit facilement au squelette pyrrolizidine.<br />La synthèse de la (+)-rétronecine est effectuée, notamment, par une oxydation allylique de la double liaison terminale de ce composé et une méthoxycarbonylation catalysée au palladium de manière à introduire un équivalent du groupe hydroxyméthyle. Pour la (+)-hyacinthacine A1, un groupement hydroxyméthyle masqué est introduit par addition d'un cuprate de phényldiméthylsilylméthyle sur un imminium intermédiaire provenant du même lactame. Ce groupement est alors converti en hydroxyméthyle, en fin de synthèse, par une oxydation de Tamao-Fleming.

Zugl.: Kairo, Univ., Diss., 2004

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 214 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-211).

O processo de Fleming-Viot é um processo de Markov cujo espaço de estado é um conjunto de medidas de propabilidade. As funções-amostras do processo representam as prováveis possibilidades de transformação das freqüencias de tipos genéticos presentes numa população ao longo do tempo. Obtido como solução de um problema de martingala bem posto para um operador linear construído de forma a modelar diversas características importantes no estudo da genética populacional, como mutação, seleção, deriva genética, entre outras, o processo de Fleming-Viot permite, por meio de uma abordagem matemática unificadora, tratar problemas de complexidade variada. No presente trabalho, estudamos s processs de Fleming-Viot com saltos, introduzidos por Hiraba. Interpretamos biologicamente esse saltos como mudanças abruptas que podem ocorrer, num curto espaço de tempo, durante a evolução de uma população de indivíduos, causadas por epidemias, desastres naturais ou outras catástrofes, e que levam a descontinuidades nas frequências dos tipos gênicos. Apresentamos uma forma de incluir um fator de seleção no processo com saltos, através da aplicação de uma transformação de medida do tipo Girsanov. Em seguida, fazemos uma análise do comportamento assintótico do processo utilizando técnicas de dualidade e acoplamento.

With the shift to a system of floating exchange rates among major currencies in 1973, there was a shift of emphasis from the external balance to the exchange rate determination. Attempts have been made to explain the behavior of the exchange rate both theoretically and empirically over the last 20 years. Most models could not explain what happened, as in the 1980s, when the exchange rate moved a lot. Alternative models based on different approaches give different explanations and suggest different policies. This study examines the implications of the models to see what light the empirical results shed on the issues. Results of this study indicate that both monetary and real factors are important in explaining the behavior of the exchange rate, but the results generally support the view of the monetary approach.