The architectural study built block the northern corner of town in close proximity to the center of Brno. The main thrust of the solution is particularly easy throughput area, pedestrian safety and ease of orientation in space. The architectural study of student housing is the first step change in the given locality by regulatory plan. The intention was to broken and fragmented forms of buildings to bring the urban elements, the wide streets, passages, squares and courtyards, which will evaluate and develop the character and vitality of the place. Architectural building block concept takes into account noise pollution site and responds to a bad indication, due to the north. New built-in design and layouts are designed so as to reduce the noise levels of interior space and create a resting zone in courtyard.

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Occuper le rôle de gestionnaire mène inévitablement à être confronté à de nombreuses contradictions et tensions. Cela est d’autant plus vrai lorsque la gestion du personnel occupe une grande place dans le quotidien du gestionnaire. Ce dernier se voit alors attendu de traiter ses employés de manière uniforme tout en considérant les besoins individuels de chacun et en faisant des exceptions. Également, le gestionnaire se doit de maintenir le contrôle en appliquant les règles et procédures organisationnelles tout en permettant un certain degré de flexibilité et d’autonomie à ses employés. Bref, il semblerait qu’un facteur crucial permettant à un gestionnaire d’exceller dans son rôle est sa capacité à répondre aux demandes contradictoires et paradoxales de son environnement, et ce, d’autant plus dans un contexte marqué par le changement. En d’autres mots, il lui faut faire preuve de flexibilité managériale ; un concept ayant gagné de plus en plus en popularité depuis les 30 dernières années dans la littérature scientifique. Bien que les chercheurs et praticiens s’entendent pour dire que la flexibilité comportementale des gestionnaires est tout à fait nécessaire et pertinente dans le contexte organisationnel volatile et changeant d’aujourd’hui, il ne semble toutefois pas y avoir de consensus quant au terme et aux mesures à utiliser pour définir et capturer ce phénomène. Également, le mécanisme par lequel la flexibilité managériale peut influencer les employés n’a été que très peu étudié empiriquement jusqu’ici. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre ce qu’est la flexibilité managériale, comment la mesurer en plus de faire le point sur comment elle a été étudiée jusqu’ici. De plus, elle a pour objectif de valider l’impact de la flexibilité managériale sur les employés en plus de mieux comprendre à travers quels mécanismes ce lien opère en contexte de crise. Le premier article de la thèse consiste en une revue systématique de la littérature sur le sujet de la flexibilité managériale. Cette recension de la littérature s’appuie sur 30 ans de recherche et a permis de répertorier 68 articles sur le sujet. S’appuyant sur l’approche des valeurs concurrentes, l’article permet de mettre en évidence trois principales conceptualisations de la flexibilité managériale, soit la complexité comportementale, le leadership versatile et le leadership paradoxal. Aussi, une revue des mesures de la flexibilité managériale est présentée et des recommandations quant à l’utilisation de ces échelles sont offertes. Enfin, un modèle intégrant l’ensemble des recherches empiriques sur le sujet est également suggéré. Le deuxième article de la thèse s’affaire à tester un modèle de médiation-modérée où la relation entre la flexibilité managériale perçue et la performance de rôle des employés est mise à l’épreuve. L’agilité des employés est proposée comme variable médiatrice tandis que le degré d’épanouissement au travail des employés est suggéré comme variable modératrice du lien entre la flexibilité managériale perçue et l’agilité des employés. Un échantillon de 366 employés a été recruté en ligne lors de la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19 afin de contextualiser les résultats dans un environnement marqué par le changement. Les résultats indiquent qu’en temps de crise, la flexibilité managériale perçue mène à une plus grande performance de rôle de la part des employés et l’agilité de ces derniers expliquerait en partie cette relation. Toutefois, bien que l’épanouissement au travail des employés modère la relation entre la flexibilité managériale perçue et l’agilité des employés, cette variable ne semble pas avoir un impact significatif sur l’ensemble du modèle suggéré. / Occupying the role of manager inevitably leads to being confronted with many contradictions and tensions. This is particularly the case when people management takes a large place in the daily life of managers. They are then expected to treat their employees the same way while considering each of their individual needs and making exceptions accordingly. Also, managers must maintain control by applying organizational rules and procedures while allowing a certain degree of flexibility and autonomy to their employees. In short, a crucial factor enabling managers to excel in their role is the ability to respond to the contradictory and paradoxical demands of their environment, even more so in a context marked by change. In other words, managers must exhibit behavioral flexibility; a concept that has gained increasing popularity over the past 30 years in the scientific literature. Although researchers and practitioners agree that managerial behavioral flexibility is necessary and relevant in today's volatile and changing organizational context, there does not seem to be a consensus on the specific concept and measurement to be used in order to define and capture this phenomenon. Also, the mechanism by which managerial flexibility can influence employees has been little studied empirically so far. This thesis aims to better understand what managerial flexibility is, how to measure it in addition to reviewing how it has been studied so far. In addition, it aims to validate the impact of managerial flexibility on employees while providing better understanding of which mechanisms this link operates through in a crisis context. The first article of the thesis consists of a systematic review of the literature about managerial flexibility. This literature review is based on 30 years of research and has identified 68 articles on the subject. Based on the competing values and paradox approach, the article highlights three main conceptualizations of managerial flexibility, namely behavioral complexity, leadership versatility and paradoxical leadership. Also, a review of the measures of managerial flexibility is presented and recommendations on the use of these scales are offered. Finally, a model integrating all the empirical research on managerial flexibility is presented. The second article of the thesis consists of testing a mediated-moderation model where the relationship between perceived managerial flexibility and employee role performance is tested. Employee agility is proposed as a mediating variable while the degree of employee’s thriving at work is suggested as a moderating variable of the link between perceived managerial flexibility and employee agility. A sample of 366 employees was recruited online and the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to contextualize the results in an environment marked by change. The results indicate that in times of crisis, perceived managerial flexibility leads to greater role performance on the part of employees and that employee’s agility would partly explain this relationship. However, although employee’s thriving at work moderates the relationship between perceived managerial flexibility and employee’s agility, this variable does not appear to have a significant impact on the overall suggested model.

System evolvability is vital to the longevity of large-scale complex engineered systems. The need for evolvability in complex systems is a result of their long service lives, rapid advances to their integrated technologies, unforeseen operating conditions, and emerging system requirements. In recent years, quantifiable metrics have been introduced for measuring the evolvability of complex systems based on the amount of excess capability in the system. These metrics have opened opportunities for optimization of systems with evolvability as an objective. However, there are several aspects of such an optimization that require further consideration. For example, there is a trade-off between the cost of excess capability initially built into complex systems and the benefit that is added to the system for future evolution. This trade-off must be represented in the optimization problem formulation. Additionally, uncertainty in future requirements and parameters of complex systems can result in an inaccurate representation of the design space. This thesis addresses these considerations through multi-objective optimization and uncertainty analysis. The resulting analysis gives insight into the effects of designing for evolvability. We show that there is a limit to the value added by increasing evolvability. We also show that accounting for uncertainty changes the optimal amount of evolvability that should be designed into a system. The developed theories and methods are demonstrated on the design of a military ground vehicle.

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[pt] Os poços inteligentes permitem a criação de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento flexíveis, dada, entre outras coisas, sua capacidade de adquirir informações relevantes necessárias para tomadas de decisão futuras. No entanto, se não considerarmos as incertezas quando pretendemos calcular o valor dessa flexibilidade, a estratégia de otimização resultante terá dois problemas fundamentais: pode-se atribuir um valor muito elevado para os poços inteligentes, e não se tira proveito da capacidade de adaptar e mitigar incertezas. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem para avaliar flexibilidade sob incerteza, buscando a estratégia de controle de fluxo que maximize o valor presente líquido esperado, reagindo dinamicamente a novas informações. Demonstramos a abordagem proposta utilizando toy problems, nos quais podemos avaliar as soluções de otimização em uma ampla gama de cenários, incluindo incertezas e flexibilidade, com um reduzido tempo de avaliação. Em seguida, aplicamos esta abordagem em um modelo de reservatório que destaca aspectos como: otimização de ativos sob incerteza, controle flexível baseado em informações futuras, e quantificação do valor da flexibilidade e medições futuras. Além disso, contribuindo para seleção apropriadas da tecnologia de poços inteligentes e de medições, a abordagem proposta oferece uma árvore de decisão que descreve a estratégia flexível ideal, com os controles da válvula que adequadamente consideram medições futuras e seus impactos na redução de incertezas. Esta abordagem provê uma avaliação qualitativa, indicando se o campo tem potencial de melhoria significativa utilizando poços inteligentes, e avaliação quantitativa dos benefícios da tecnologia, resultando em uma estratégia realizável, que orienta o ajuste das válvulas um campo real. / [en] Smart well technology has the ability to acquire relevant information required for future decision-making, enabling the generation of a development strategy with future flexibility. However, to value its flexibility, if we do not account for uncertainty when performing an optimization, the resulting strategy will have two key shortcomings: it will assign too high value to the smart wells, and it will not take advantage of the ability of the smart wells to adapt and mitigate to uncertainty. We propose a strategy that allows to value flexibility under uncertainty, seeking the flow control strategy that maximizes the expected net present value, dynamically reacting to new information as it is acquired. We demonstrate the proposed approach using toy problems for which we can evaluate optimization solutions for a broad range of scenarios, including uncertainty and flexibility to accommodate future measurements, with a reduced time of evaluation. We then apply this proposed approach on a reservoir model that highlights its novel aspects: asset optimization under uncertainty, flexible control based on future information, and quantification of the value of flexibility and future measurements. In addition to valuing flexibility and future information, which contributes to the selection of appropriate smart-well technology and measurements, the proposed approach delivers a decision tree that describes a flexible strategy of optimum valve settings that properly accounts for future measurements and their impact on uncertainty reduction. This approach gives a qualitative value, indicating whether the field has the potential of significant improvement using smart wells, and a quantitative valuation of the benefits of smart completions resulting in a realizable strategy to guide the control of these completions in a real field management project.

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An investigation how a structural system can become flexible to fit different lifestyles.