Hälsoscheman är ett relativt nytt fenomen, som hade sitt startskott 2016 i form av ett samarbete mellan Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner och Kommunal kallat Heltidsresan. Syftet med projektet var att stärka välfärdens kompetens och instifta heltid som norm. En betydande del av Heltidsresans utformning utgörs av forskning från Stressforskningsinstitutet vid Stockholms universitet. Heltidsresan har i sin tur lett till att flera kommuner valt att ta efter riktlinjerna och rekommendationerna som projektet utmynnat i, vilket har banat vägen för konflikter och motstånd från arbetstagarhåll. Studien syftar därför till att undersöka vilka motiv från arbetsgivarhåll som har legat till grund för införandet av hälsoscheman i Sveriges kommuner. Även hur hälsoschemats reformering av arbetsvillkor har påverkat enskilda arbetstagare är i fokus, samt hur schemaläggning kan användas som ett organisatoriskt verktyg från arbetsgivarhåll. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer med arbetstagare och personer som har varit med och implementerat hälsoscheman inom vård och omsorg. En fenomenologisk metodansats används för att undersöka fenomenet genom arbetstagare och arbetsgivares uppfattningar, samt erfarenheter kring förändringsprocessen som hälsoschemat har bidragit till. Resultatet analyseras med teorier från Michel Foucault med fokus på detaljstyrning och bio-politik, men även institutionellt och nyinstitutionellt perspektiv appliceras. Studien belyser att det finns fler bakomliggande faktorer som kan förstås som motiv till att implementera hälsoscheman och de förändringarna det innebär. Det tydliggörs även hur arbetstagarna som intervjuats upplever hur schemaförändringarna har påverkat dem i ett negativt avseende, både i arbetslivet och privatlivet / Health Schedules are a relatively new phenomenon, which had its onset during 2016 as a collaboration between Sveriges Kommuner & Regioner and Kommunal called ’’The Full Time Journey’’. The main purpose of the project was intended to reinforce the welfare sectors proficiency, as well as stating full time work as a norm. The Full Time Journey has eventually led to several municipalities following the examples based on the guidelines and recommendations stated by the project. This has eventually given rise to disagreement and conflicts, and resistance from employees. The study aims to investigate which potential motives and intentions from the employer side might have contributed to the introduction of health scheduling in the various municipalities of Sweden. This also includes how the transformation of working conditions has affected individual employees, but also targeting how scheduling might be used as an organizational tool by employers. The study was conducted using interviews with employees and individuals who have been involved throughout the implementation of Health Schedules within the Healthcare Industry. A phenomenological methodological viewpoint is used to investigate the phenomenon through the perceptions of employees and employers, in addition to experiences attributed regarding the transformation process, induced by the Health Schedule. The results are analyzed using theories from Michel Foucault with a particular focus relating to management and biopolitics, but also institutional and neo-institutional perspectives are applied. The study highlights that there are several underlying factors that can be understood as motives for implementing health schemes and the changes it entails. It is also clarified how the employees interviewed experience how the schedule changes have affected them in a negative respect, both in working life and private life.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Although marijuana and alcohol are two of the most commonly used drugs in the United States, relatively little is understood about how these drugs interact to effect drug use, cognitive behaviors, and neurophysiological changes. Specific drug use patterns such as simultaneous use may produce differential effects for consumption and other behaviors in addition to unique neurobiological changes compared to singular drug use. In order to better understand the effects of simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use, we used the selectively bred crossed High Alcohol Preferring mice to examine consummatory, cognitive, and neurobiological changes following chronic alcohol and THC self-administration. We hypothesized that SAM mice would consume more drug than animals exposed to either substance alone. We used an operant behavioral flexibility paradigm to assess cognitive impairments believing that drug-exposed animals would show deficits relative to Control animals, with SAM mice being the most impaired of all drug conditions. Finally, we assessed CB1 receptor changes in the dorsal striatum, as this region is critical for behavioral flexibility (Bissonette & Powell, 2012; Ragozzino, 2007), CB1 receptors are the primary target of THC and these receptors are involved in numerous alcohol related behaviors (Maldonado et al., 2006; Pava & Woodward, 2012). Contrary to our hypothesis, SAM animals did not consume higher levels of drug compared to mice exposed to only THC or alcohol. Interestingly, female THC consumption was robust when THC was consumed alone but was reduced when simultaneous access to alcohol was available. Surprisingly, although we speculated that drug-exposed mice would be impaired compared to Control animals, and that SAM animals would likely be more compromised than THC and alcohol for Reversal Learning and Attentional Set-Shifting respectively, behavioral flexibility deficits were absent in our paradigm. Finally, alterations to dorsal striatal CB1 receptor expression were observed following a Short Abstinence period. Despite an absence of cognitive behavioral effects, this research contributes to furthering our understanding of co-drug use for consummatory and neurobiological changes, both of which are critically necessary given the evolving landscape surrounding simultaneous alcohol and recreational marijuana use.

Brno trade fairs are the heart of Central Europe for exhibitions of everything interesting for already more than 90 years. Nevertheless, the most valuable exhibits are the urban and architectural values of the complex, which are reflecting the development of modern Czech architecture. Even after years of development, it is still necessary to look to the future, to solve the coming problems of generosity, to keep the high level of the area, to support its function and to keep legacy of the fairs for the next generation. As the main happenings moves further from the city centre, the issue is still more up to date on how to handle the west side of this area. In my work, I set out clearly the future urban planning of the trade fairs and divide the various functions into logically integrated areas. In the west part, I am creating a new administrative centre with a lot of other associated services. The basic idea is to create a permanent supporting superstructure, into which the variable function is inserted. I take advantage of the basic principles of smart city, flexibility and the versatility of buildings. To achieve a good connection of the complex with the surrounding area, I maintain the existing transport connections and make new possibilities of movement through the complex and the surrounding areas. This creates a new modern part of the complex, which could evolve over time based on the needs and requirements of its users.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19138号 / 情博第584号 / 新制||情||102(附属図書館) / 32089 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 高史, 教授 小野寺 秀俊, 教授 髙木 直史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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The purpose of this research is to explore preservice teachers’ attitudes and beliefs towards mathematics, mental and written computations, and mental computation anxiety, to investigate their use of different mental computation strategies using different approaches (i.e., Direct Teaching (DT) and Open-Approach (OA)) among the three different groups, and to identify how the use of preservice teachers’ mental computation strategies affects their flexibility regarding mental computation. The participants were preservice teachers (PTS). Three classes were used for this study: two classes in a mathematics class (Course A) for experimental groups and one class for the control group. One class from professional education courses was selected. A mixed methods design was used, more specifically, the Mathematics Attitude Survey (MAS) was administrated before and after intervention to examine PTS’ attitudes towards mathematics, mental and written computation, and mental computation anxiety. In addition, to determine whether there is any statistically significant difference among the three groups, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Then, the MAS was analyzed descriptively. Next, a pre-and post-Mental Computation Test (MCT) was given to investigate PTS’ mental computation knowledge in relation to whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers (i.e., fractions, decimals, and percentages). A one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine if there were significant differences in mental computation performance among the three groups (i.e., DT, OA, and Control) with different instructions. Further, before and after intervention, face-to-face interviews were given to both the experimental and control groups to identify how they arrived at their answers. During interviews, 38 interviewees in the pre-interviews and 36 in the post-interviews for all groups participated. The interview items were selected from the pre-and post-MCT problems. Three levels of problems (i.e., high, medium, and low difficulty) for each operation were selected. The results of the MAS showed that with respect to the attitudes towards mathematics, PTS were generally shown positive attitudes towards learning mathematics and were aware of the importance of learning mathematics; however, in reality, about half of them did not want to spend time on learning or studying mathematics. In terms of PTS’ attitudes towards mental and written computation, PTS were aware that learning mental computation is more useful in real life situations and provides benefits in their mathematics learning. However, they do not feel comfortable and safe when using mental computation because of their lack of confidence and teaching abilities. For the mental computation, PTS showed slightly higher anxiety levels from pre-to post-tests. The findings of Mental Computation Test (MCT) revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in post-MCT scores between the different instructional groups when adjusted for pre-MCT scores. In particular, PTS using Open-Approach (OA) performed better than the PTS in the group using Direct Teaching (DT). The PTS in the control group performed worst. Significant differences between pre-and post-MCT performance were found among the three groups in solving multiplication, fraction, and decimal operations. The results of interviews suggest that there was an association between each interviewee’s quintile level and their flexibility in the use of the mental computation strategies. Regarding the whole number operation strategies, the results revealed that the interviewees in the middle and upper quintiles in both DT and OA used more than two different strategies with higher accuracy and were more likely to use the strategies. Interviewees in the middle and upper quintiles for the DT and OA groups were more likely to use the strategies that reflect efficient number facts or number-sense (e.g., Adding by place, Decomposing, & Compensation). The mental image of the Traditional method was frequently observed in the OA group. In contrast, for the lower quintiles, alternative strategies were not provided for both groups. The interviewees in the control group offered the smallest range of strategies. For the integer and rational operations, the interviewees in the DT group showed strategies that focused more on conceptual understanding. Surprisingly, the interviewees in the OA group were more likely to apply teacher-taught methods, including the Traditional method. The control group was not able to provide any alternative strategies. Plans for future research are set forth to add to the body of knowledge that exists regarding mental computation.