本研究係探究中央研究院執行科技部補助獎勵特殊優秀人才獎勵金之情形，研究主軸有三，分別是(一)瞭解個案研究機構執行該獎勵計劃之方式、(二)檢視研究人員對於任職單位執行該獎勵計劃的分配公平及程序公平知覺，(三)探究研究人員對於獎勵計劃實施成效之看法。透過問卷調查法及深度訪談法進行，回收問卷有效樣本201份，深度訪談9位人員。 研究結果發現，多數單位透過行政人員主動將申請科技部獎勵計畫之資訊，超過七成以上受試者對任職單位採用審查方式有所瞭解。評核標準方面認同以學術研究研究成果為主要考量因素，多採取密件或口頭通知獲獎人員，且獲得獎勵金者在接收獎勵申請訊息較充足。在分配公平及程序公平認知方面，多數認同獲獎者按照個人研究的績效差異，獲得不同的獎勵分配，普遍不認同獎金採平均分配；高達九成以上受試者認同審核成員或委員會決定獎勵名單，避免對任何人有偏見，且多數認同應秉持「公正性」、「客觀性」做出「正確性」的獎勵名單。實施成效上認同應有充分穩定的經費來源，且獎勵金達到單位內留才功能大於外部攬才之功能。 在現行待遇制度無法調整下，運用彈性薪資方式，額外給與特殊優秀的研究人才非法定的獎勵金，對人才延攬及留任方式有所助益，本研究建議行政院其他給與項目法制化作業的過程應採取積極開放的態度；組織內部管理面，建議邀集同仁參與討論，訂定符合公平及公正之獎勵執行規定，採取委員會方式審查獎勵名單並公布受獎名單，並可思考規劃訂定明確的實質分配法則，使各獲獎人員間之獎勵額度應有差異性，且研究績效良好程度與獎勵額度成正比關係，以有效地激勵員工。 / This study focuses on the execution of fellowships provided by Ministry of Science and Technology for for outstanding talents. The purposes of this study are: 1. How the fellowships are distributed; 2. The perceptions of distributive and procedural justice of research fellows from different institutes; 3. Opinions of research fellows for the effectiveness of the fellowships. The study is conducted through questionnaires with 201 effective samples, and interviews with 9 fellows. This study indicates that most of the institutes actively notify their fellows about the fellowships. More than 70 percents of experimental subjects know the way of distribution, while senior fellows know more well. The examinees recognize using research achievement as a major measure for distribution. Most of the fellows receiving fellowships are notified by classified or oral notices, and more informed about the fellowships. In perceptions of distributive and procedural justice, most examinees prefer distributing fellowships by research achievement of each individual rather than uniformly, and also agree with establishing a distribution committee to avoid prejudices. In addition, many of experimental subjects suggest that the fellowships should be stable and long-term, while thinking the money contributes more to staying instead of recruiting elites. Under current statutory and fixed salary structure, additional and flexible bonus contributes to staying and recruiting talents. We suggest that Administrative Yuan should be more open and aggressive when regulating and adjusting salary structure. For Academia Sinica, the fellowships should be always distributed by corresponding committees in a fair and differentiated manner which are fully and publicly discussed. The amount of fellowship should also be proportional to individual's research achievement to effectively drive employees.

Sammanfattning Kurs: ​Ämnesfördjupande arbete, Ekonomistryning 15 hp (2FE24E)  Titel​: Provisionsbaserad ersättning för fastighetsmäklare “Kan provision ses som ett belöningssystem och motivationsdrivare?”  Författare​: Anna Lennartsson, Amanda Jönsson & Ebba Waldau  Examinator​: Pia Nylinder Handledare​: Cristoffer Lokatt Bakgrund och problem​: En vanlig syn på yrket som fastighetsmäklare anses för många vara ett mer statusyrke än slitsamt yrke. Det finns inga specifika regler för den utbetalda provisionens storlek till en fastighetsmäklare och grundidén för provision hänvisas till att individer skall motiveras av att kunna påverka vad de får i lön och därmed utföra ett bättre arbete. För att individer skall utföra ett bättre arbete, kan ett belöningssystem vara optimalt eftersom det kan fungera till att förändra beteenden. För att kunna förändra beteende måste individen känna motivation, som tillkommer av olika belöningar. Det intressanta i studien blir därmed att undersöka om provision är motiverande och om hur fastighetsmäklare resonerar till provision som ett belöningssystem. Syfte​: Syftet med denna uppsats grundar sig i att undersöka fastighetsmäklarens syn på att ha en hundraprocentig provisionsbaserad lön. Vi vill undersöka fastighetsmäklares resonemang kring provision som ett belöningssystem. Slutligen vill vi analysera hur provisionen påverkar fastighetsmäklares motivation, utifrån teori modellen Maslows behovstrappa. Metod​: Studien baseras på en kvalitativ struktur och den empiriska datainsamlingen kommer från sex etablerade fastighetsmäklare runt om i Sverige. Intervjuformen som valdes var semistrukturerad intervju som genomfördes digitalt genom programvaran Zoom med samtliga respondenter. I metoden presenteras även en kort beskrivning på yrket som fastighetsmäklare. Slutsats​: Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att fastighetsmäklarnas resonemang på provision som belöningssystem är olika. De anser att provision är ett belöningssystem eftersom den provisionen de får är en belöning för det utförda arbetet. Andra resonerar däremot att provision inte är ett belöningssystem för att det anser att provisionen är den inkomst som alla har rätt till efter utförd prestation. Här ligger fokuset allt mer på den icke monetära belöningen, som mer handlar om status, ranking, rekommendationer och nöjda kunder för det är detta som belönar respondenterna till en maximerad prestation.  Provisionen kan därmed konstateras vara motiverande för vissa respondenter eftersom de motiveras av provisionens påverkan på dess lön beroende på deras utförda prestation. Men alla respondenter ser inte provisionen som den huvudsakliga motivationen eftersom en nöjd och återkommande kund är det som ger motivation till yrket som fastighetsmäklare. Nyckelord​: Belöningssystem, provision, motivation, fastighetsmäklare, finansiella incitament, flexibelt lönesystem, rörlig ersättning och Maslows behovstrappa. / Abstract Course: ​Bachelor Thesis, Financial Control, 15 hp (2FE24E) Title​: Commission based compensation for real estate agents "Can commission-based salary be seen as a reward system and motivator?"  Authors​: Anna Lennartsson, Amanda Jönsson & Ebba Waldau Examiner​: Pia Nylinder Advisor​: Cristoffer Lokatt Background and problem discussion​: ​A common view of the profession as a real estate agent is considered by many to be a more status profession than a tiring profession. There are no specific rules for the size of the commission based salary paid to a real estate agent and the basic idea for commission based salary is referred to that individuals should be motivated by being able to influence what they get in salary and thereby perform a better job. For individuals to do a better job, a reward system can be optimal because it can work to change behaviours. To be able to change behaviour, the individual must feel motivated, which is added by different rewards. The interesting thing about the study will thus be to investigate whether commissions- based salary is motivating and how real estate agents’ reason for commissions as a reward system. Purpose​: The purpose of this thesis is based on examining the real estate agent's view of having a one hundred percent commission-based salary. We want to examine real estate agents' reasoning about commissions-based salary as a reward system. Finally, we want to analyse how the commission-based salary affects real estate agents' motivation, based on the theory model ​Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Method​: The study is based on a qualitative structure and the empirical data collection comes from six established real estate agents around Sweden. The interview format chosen was a semi-structured interview that was conducted digitally through the Zoom software with all respondents. The method also presents a brief description of the profession as a real estate agent. Conclusion​: In summary, we can state that the real estate agents' reasoning on commission-based salary as a reward system is different. They believe that commission-based salary is a reward system because the commission-based salary they receive is a reward for the work done. Others argue, however, that commission-based salary is not a reward system because it considers the commission to be the income to which everyone is entitled after performance.  Here the focus is increasingly on the non-monetary reward, which is more about status, rankings, recommendations and satisfied customers because this is what rewards the respondents to a maximized performance.The commission-based salary can thus be found to be motivating for certain respondents because they are motivated by the commission's impact on its salary depending on their performance. But not all respondents see commission-based salary as the main motivation because a satisfied and returning customer is what gives motivation to the profession as a real estate agent. Keywords​: Reward system, commission-based salary, motivation, real estate agent, financial incentives, a flexible salary system, variable compensation and Maslow's hierarchy of needs.