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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Anisotropic parameters of mesh fillers relevant to miniature cryocoolers

Landrum, Evan 08 April 2009 (has links)
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is possibly the best available technique in designing and predicting the performance of Stirling and pulse tube refrigerators (PTR). One of the limitations of CFD modeling of these systems, however, is that it requires closure relations for the micro porous materials housed within their regenerators and heat exchangers. Comprehensive prediction of fluid-solid interaction through this media can be obtained only by direct pore level simulation, a process which is time consuming and impractical for system level examination. Through the application of empirical correlations including the Darcy permeability and Forchheimer's inertial coefficient, the microscopic momentum equations governing fluid behavior within the porous structure can be recast as viable macroscopic governing equations. With these constitutive relationships, CFD can be an efficient and powerful tool for system modeling and optimization. The purpose of this study is to determine the hydrodynamic parameters of two mesh fillers relevant to miniature PTRs; stacked screens of 635 mesh stainless steel and 325 mesh phosphor-bronze wire cloth. Experimental setups were designed and fabricated to measure steady and oscillatory pressures and mass flow rates of the working fluid, research-grade helium. Hydrodynamic parameters for the two mesh fillers were determined for steady-state and steady periodic flow in both the axial and radial directions for a range of flow rates, operating frequencies and charge pressures. The effect of average pressure on the steady axial flow hydrodynamic parameters of other common PTR filler materials was also investigated. The determination of sample hydrodynamic parameters and their subsequent computational and experimental methodologies utilized are explained.
2

Étude de paramétrisation de l’écoulement dans des composants de circuit de transmission de puissance pneumatique / Study of the flow parameterization in the components of pneumatic power transmission circuit

Ali, Azdasher 04 September 2012 (has links)
Le prototypage virtuel des circuits pneumatiques de puissance, par exemple les circuits de freinage des véhicules industriels, constitue un enjeu important en raison de la complexité des écoulements en régime transsonique et des couplages entre les échelles locales et macroscopiques. Ces problèmes sont rencontrés lors de la conception, de la synthèse des commandes et de l'analyse des performances statiques et dynamiques de ces circuits et l'analyse. La mise au point des modèles numériques de ces systèmes induit des coûts et des temps importants par rapport à d'autres systèmes. La démarche proposée dans cette thèse repose sur la construction numérique de bases de données permettant de caractériser le comportement local et macroscopique d'un composant de circuit en fonction de la variation de certains paramètres physiques ou géométriques par rapport à un point de fonctionnement de référence. Les bases de données résultent de l'extrapolation de la solution des équations de Navier Stokes moyennées (RANS) pour le point de référence considéré obtenu à l'aide d’un logiciel de paramétrisation en mécanique des fluides (Turb’Opty). La contribution de cette thèse repose pour l'essentiel dans un travail d'analyse des solutions issues de la paramétrisation dans deux contextes différents: la tuyère De Laval et un élément "coude", des composants élémentaires de circuit. Nous avons montré que ces exemples "simples" conduisent déjà à des difficultés importantes en termes de paramétrisation du problème et du calcul des dérivées des champs aérodynamiques en raison de la taille du problème. Pour pallier cette difficulté, nous avons proposé de déraffiner le maillage et nous avons alors montré que cette démarche conduit parfois à déplacer ou à atténuer certains phénomènes (chocs). La deuxième contribution de ce travail repose sur l'évaluation de la qualité des solutions extrapolées, de leur domaine de validité et la construction des liens entre grandeurs locales et macroscopiques. Nous avons enfin proposé une démarche permettant de reconstruire la caractéristique en débit d'un composant à partir de la détermination de la solution extrapolée pour un nombre limité de points de référence. / Virtual prototyping pneumatic circuits for power transmission, for example braking circuits of trucks, is still a difficulty because of the complexity of the flow behavior in transonic conditions and of the coupling between local and macroscopic scales. These problems are met during system design, control synthesis and for static and dynamic performance analysis. Tuning accurate numerical models requires important costs and time when compared to other systems. The methodology proposed in this PhD thesis relies on numerically determining a data base that characterizes the local and macroscopic behavior of a circuit component according the variation from a reference point of some physical or geometrical parameters. The data bases are obtained from the extrapolation of the Mean Navier Stokes solution (RANS) for a given reference point with the help of a parametrization software dedicated to fluid mechanics (Turb'Flow). The main contribution of this thesis relies io the analysis of the solution obtained from the parametrization in two different cases: the De Laval nozzle and un "elbow" connecting element, which are elementary component in a circuit. We have shown that these two "simple" cases lead already to important difficulties in term of problem parametrization and calculation of the derivatives of the aerodynamic fields because of the problem dimension. In order to tackle this, we proposed to reduce the spatial discretization (mesh derefining) and we showed that this approach could sometimes lead to damp or move some phenomena (shocks). The second contribution of this work relies on evaluating the quality of the extrapolated solution and their validity domain, and on building links between local and macroscopic behavior. Finally, we proposed a method that allows the mass flow rate characteristic of a component to be determined from the calculation of the extrapolated solution issued from a limited number of reference points.

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