The companies can choose from a wide range of tools and methodologies for mapping their processes. The key point is to select the right ones to ensure they will match with the purpose of process mapping and the process models will be clear and easy to understand for the entire stakeholder spectrum. For process modeling we often use diagrams. We have notations that are very advanced, they can be very detailed and accurate. On the other hand we have those which are very simple and with only a few symbols they can capture basic ideas and attributes of the process. The aim of this thesis is to compare representatives from each group of notations and answer the question which notation is more suitable for different types of utilization of business process models. The representative of the advanced instruments is BPMN 2.0, which is compared with the basic flowcharts. The research is based on Delphi method.

Fertilitetsenheten på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset använder sig idag av databasen LinnéFiler för att hantera behandlingsprotokoll för par som behandlas för ofrivillig barnlöshet. Fertilitetsenheten kan inte enbart använda sig av Stockholms Läns Landstings journalsystem TakeCare då tillverkade embryon tillhör både mannen och kvinnan i paret och det behövs därför en sammankoppling mellan deras journaler.   Till Linnéfiler finns behov av en automatisk inmatning av provsvar tagna på provtagningsenheter runt om i Stockholmstrakten. Samtliga prov analyseras på Karolinska Universitetslaboratoriet varpå provsvaren matas in i TakeCare via SLL IT samt skickas till Fertilitetsenheten via post.   Idag matas provsvaren in i Linnéfiler manuellt. Detta är oerhört tidskrävande och innebär stora risker för misstag. LinnéFiler är förberett för en automatisk mottagning av provsvar via en modul som heter Labmessage. Både Linnéfiler och Labmessage är en del av programmet ivfServices.  Labmessage ställer dock vissa krav på formatet hos provsvaren som ska importeras från provtagningsenheterna.   Vi har undersökt 3 möjliga flöden som skulle innebära att Fertilitetsenheten får Labmessage i bruk och därmed skulle få sina provsvar inmatade per automatik. De tre alternativ vi har undersökt är: 1)      Provsvaren skickas på ett separat flöde från Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset till Labmessage 2)      Stockholms läns landstings (SLL) IT; EDI, plockar ut de aktuella provsvaren och levererar dessa elektroniskt till Labmessage 3)      Möjligheten att journalsystemet TakeCare (till vilket provsvaren skickas nu) tar kopior på provsvaren och levererar dessa till Labmessage elektroniskt   Det är mycket svårt att garantera säker dataöverföring och ansvariga på Fertilitetsenheten tycker inte att risken är värt nyttan med alternativ 1. Detta gäller även för alternativ 2. Alternativ 3 framstår som det säkraste och bästa alternativet. Dock saknas resurser på TakeCare-förvaltningen för att tillfredsställa små enheter med särskilda önskemål. Det rimliga alternativ som kvarstår är att förbättra säkerheten i dagens manuella inmatning av provsvar. Linnéfiler skulle kunna modifieras så att signering smidigare kan ske av de anställda på Fertilitetsenheten.   Det finns många idéer för hur man i framtiden kan ha en smidigare och säkrare dataöverföring. Till exempel så finns inom Nationella Vävnadsrådet planer på att eventuellt byta ut de patientdatabaser som används av fertilitetsenheter i Sverige mot en gemensam nationell patientdatabas. Detta skulle förhoppningsvis innebära en gemensam lösning på automatisk inmatning av provsvar för dessa enheter.   Det har framkommit att det finns många problem med dagens hantering av data inom offentlig sjukvård. Det ska garanteras att dataöverföringen är säker, patienternas integritet måste skyddas och juridiska aspekter måste tas hänsyn till. Bristande resurser är ett stort problem i alla avseenden samt att samtliga parter naturligtvis drar sig för att ta på sig ansvaret för säker dataöverföring. / The Fertility department at Karolinska University Hospital uses a database called LinnéFiler to handletreatment protocols for couples treated for infertility. The Fertility department are not able to only use the database TakeCare developed by Stockholm’s läns landsting because the embryo produced belongs to both the man and the woman in the couple, and they therefor need a link between their respective medical charts.   There is a need to import laboratory test resultstaken at clinical laboratory services around the Stockholm area to LinnéFiler.  All test results are analysed at Karolinska University Laboratory, from where they are sent to SLL IT where the test results are put into TakeCare and also sent to the Fertility department by post.   Today, test results are entered into the LinnéFiler system manually. This is very time consuming and there is also a huge risk for making mistakes.LinnéFiler is prepared to receive test results via a module called Labmessage. Both LinnéFiler and Labmessage are part of a program called IvfServices. Labmessage can only receive test results from the clinical laboratories in specific data formats.   An examination of three possible flows of data has been made which would lead to that Labmessage would be implemented at the Fertility unit. Making one of these flows work would achieve an automated input of data results. The three alternatives we have examined are: 1)      Sending the test results on a separate flow from Karolinska University Laboratory to Labmessage 2)      SLL IT; EDI picks out the intended test results and sends them to Labmessage 3)      TakeCare (to which the test results are sent today) makes copies of the test results and sends them to Labmessage   It is very difficult to guarantee complete safety regarding data transfer and responsible employees at the Fertility unit are today not willing to take the risks associated with alternative 1. This was also the case with alternative 2. Alternative 3 seems to be the safest and best way to send data to Labmessage. However, the issue here is the lack of resources at the TakeCare-unit to make specialized solutions for the interest of small units. The only reasonable alternative left was to improve today´s safety regarding the manual input of the test results. LinnéFiler could perhaps be modified to favour an easier way for the employees at the Fertility unit to sign in TakeCare.   There are many ideas regarding how to improve the safety within today´s data transfer. The Swedish Board of Tissue Banking has plans to replace the databases used today by Fertility units in Sweden to a unified national database. That would probably imply a common solution regarding automated input of test results to all Fertility units.   We have during this work experienced many problems associated with handling of data in public health care. The data transfer must be safe, the patients’ integrity has to be protected and there has to be a legal certainty. There is a lack of resources and all partners wants to avoid the legal responsibility.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / More and more companies and organizations are recognizing the benefits to be gained by achieving ISO 9000 registration. An effort is underway at JPL to become ISO 9001 registered. To facilitate this activity, the entire laboratory has been divided into processes, each one having a designated process owner. This paper concentrates more specifically on one of these processes, namely, the Packaging and Fabrication of Electronic Hardware (PAFEH), and the effort being undertaken to ensure that this process will successfully pass registration. A comprehensive approach is being utilized by the Electronic Packaging and Fabrication Section to bring this about.