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Volumetric measurements of the transitional backward facing step flowKitzhofer, Jens 22 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The thesis describes state of the art volumetric measurement techniques and applies a 3D measurement technique, 3D Scanning Particle Tracking Velocimetry, to the transitional backward facing step flow. The measurement technique allows the spatial and temporal analysis of coherent structures apparent at the backward facing step. The thesis focusses on the extraction and interaction of coherent flow structures like shear layers or vortical structures.
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Modellierung turbulenter Strömungen mit Anwendungsfällen in der Bioklimatologie und Astrophysik / Modelling of turbulent flows with applications in bioclimatology and astrophysicsMerklein, Johannes 24 January 2014 (has links)
Wenn auf dem Foto oben der Westwind Zephyr und in seinen Armen die Morgenbrise Aura nicht Venus an die Gestaden Zyperns treibt, sondern stattdessen den Geburtstagskuchen ausbläst , dann ist sein Atem das, was in der Strömungsmechanik als „laminare Strömung“ bezeichnet wird. Eine Strömung, deren Stromlinien parallel zueinander verlaufen und deren Einzelelemente, hier die Luftmoleküle, einen gleichgerichteten Weg verfolgen.
„Turbulent“ ist hingegen der von den Kerzen aufsteigende Rauch über dem Kuchen, der „Richtung Osten“ hinweggeblasen wird. Diese Turbulenz von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen ist allgegenwärtig in unserer Welt, ob für unser Auge direkt sichtbar oder unsichtbar: die Luft, die tief in unsere Lunge eingesogen wird bis hin zu den Lungenbläschen, die Spuren der Milch beim Umrühren in einer Kaffeetasse, der Rauch, der von einem Schornstein aufsteigt, das Wasser rund um die großen und kleinen Kiesel in einem Bach, der Wind, der den Kirchturm und die Hausecke umwirbelt, das heiße Plasma, das in Feuerfackeln von der Sonnenoberfläche ins Weltall hinauslodert, oder die großen Wolken kosmischen Staubs, die sich in Strudeln und Wirbeln zu Galaxien oder Sternen verdichten.
„Turbulent“ ist also eine Strömung, deren Stromlinien sich zu überkreuzen scheinen und deren Einzelelemente keinen gleichgerichteten Weg verfolgen. Stattdessen existieren vielfältigste Formen und Muster von miteinander verschränkten Wirbeln auf allen Größenskalen.
Aufgrund dieser Komplexität in Formen und Skalen gehört die Beschreibung und Vorhersage von Turbulenz schon seit Jahrhunderten zu den großen Rätseln in Physik und Mathematik. Da turbulente Strömungen gleichwohl derart zentral sind für viele Bereiche menschlichen Lebens und Handelns, werden Grundlagen- und Anwendungsforschung mit Nachdruck vorangetrieben. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfaßt gleich drei Anwendungsfälle von Turbulenzforschung, und es darf als bezeichnend für die Allgegenwart der Turbulenz angesehen werden, daß sich diese drei Anwendungen in solch unterschiedlichen Größenskalen abspielen. Die Windabkühlung von Rindern, die bis in den Sub-Millimeter-Maßstab im Bereich von Fell und Hautoberfläche hinein betrachtet werden muß, die Sturmge-fährdung von Wäldern, für die Größen zwischen einem halben Meter an den Bäumen und mehreren Kilometern in der Landschaft relevant sind, und zu guter Letzt das turbulente Geschehen in kos-mischen Gaswolken und Galaxienhaufen, das sich im Größenbereich von vielen Millionen Lichtjahren abspielt. Nicht nur in den Techniken der Modellierung, sondern auch in der physikalischen Wirklich-keit sind diese Phänomene trotz der gewaltigen Größenunterschiede eng verwandt. In diesem Sinne: vom Kosmos zur Kuh.
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An immersed boundary method for particles and bubbles in magnetohydrodynamic flowsSchwarz, Stephan 03 July 2014 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis presents a numerical method for the phase-resolving simulation of rigid particles and deformable bubbles in viscous, magnetohydrodynamic flows. The presented approach features solid robustness and high numerical efficiency. The implementation is three-dimensional and fully parallel suiting the needs of modern high-performance computing.
In addition to the steps towards magnetohydrodynamics, the thesis covers method development with respect to the immersed boundary method which can be summarized in simple words by From rigid spherical particles to deformable bubbles. The development comprises the extension of an existing immersed boundary method to non-spherical particles and very low particle-to-fluid density ratios. A detailed study is dedicated to the complex interaction of particle shape, wake and particle dynamics.
Furthermore, the representation of deformable bubble shapes, i.e. the coupling of the bubble shape to the fluid loads, is accounted for. The topic of bubble interaction is surveyed including bubble collision and coalescence and a new coalescence model is introduced.
The thesis contains applications of the method to simulations of the rise of a single bubble and a bubble chain in liquid metal with and without magnetic field highlighting the major effects of the field on the bubble dynamics and the flow field. The effect of bubble coalescence is quantified for two closely adjacent bubble chains.
A framework for large-scale simulations with many bubbles is provided to study complex multiphase phenomena like bubble-turbulence interaction in an efficient manner.
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An immersed boundary method for particles and bubbles in magnetohydrodynamic flowsSchwarz, Stephan 03 July 2014 (has links)
This thesis presents a numerical method for the phase-resolving simulation of rigid particles and deformable bubbles in viscous, magnetohydrodynamic flows. The presented approach features solid robustness and high numerical efficiency. The implementation is three-dimensional and fully parallel suiting the needs of modern high-performance computing.
In addition to the steps towards magnetohydrodynamics, the thesis covers method development with respect to the immersed boundary method which can be summarized in simple words by From rigid spherical particles to deformable bubbles. The development comprises the extension of an existing immersed boundary method to non-spherical particles and very low particle-to-fluid density ratios. A detailed study is dedicated to the complex interaction of particle shape, wake and particle dynamics.
Furthermore, the representation of deformable bubble shapes, i.e. the coupling of the bubble shape to the fluid loads, is accounted for. The topic of bubble interaction is surveyed including bubble collision and coalescence and a new coalescence model is introduced.
The thesis contains applications of the method to simulations of the rise of a single bubble and a bubble chain in liquid metal with and without magnetic field highlighting the major effects of the field on the bubble dynamics and the flow field. The effect of bubble coalescence is quantified for two closely adjacent bubble chains.
A framework for large-scale simulations with many bubbles is provided to study complex multiphase phenomena like bubble-turbulence interaction in an efficient manner.
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Volumetric measurements of the transitional backward facing step flowKitzhofer, Jens 08 August 2011 (has links)
The thesis describes state of the art volumetric measurement techniques and applies a 3D measurement technique, 3D Scanning Particle Tracking Velocimetry, to the transitional backward facing step flow. The measurement technique allows the spatial and temporal analysis of coherent structures apparent at the backward facing step. The thesis focusses on the extraction and interaction of coherent flow structures like shear layers or vortical structures.
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Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities of liquid metal contained between rotating spheres and cylindersOgbonna, Jude 25 October 2024 (has links)
Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities are responsible for geo- and astrophysical phenomena such as reversals of the geomagnetic field, sunspots, solar flares, and accretion disk dynamics. Two particular types of these instabilities were experimentally investigated in rotating spherical and cylindrical apparatus using the eutectic alloy GaInSn as a working fluid. The spherical apparatus, Hydromagnetic Experiment with Differentially Gyrating sphEres HOlding GaInSn (HEDGEHOG), was used to investigate the magnetised spherical Couette (MSC) flow for a range of the imposed axial magnetic field corresponding to Hartmann numbers of 0 to 40 and for a Reynolds number of 1000. A wave with an azimuthal wavenumber of 2 was observed at a Hartmann number of 0, which changed its azimuthal wavenumber to 3 at Hartmann numbers of 5 and 10. For Hartmann numbers between 10 and 22.5, the experimental flow displayed no temporal dependence, since the MSC flow was in its base state. In the remainder of the investigated range of Hartmann numbers, rotating waves with azimuthal wavenumbers of 2, 3, and 4 manifested, with some dependence on whether the Hartmann numbers were fixed or continuously varied. For the magnetised Taylor-Couette (MTC) flow investigated using the Potsdam ROssendorf Magnetic InStability Experiment (PROMISE), thermal convection was found to influence the azimuthal magnetorotational instability (AMRI) in two major ways. Firstly, it reduced the critical Hartmann number required for the onset of AMRI. Secondly, it broke the symmetry of the AMRI travelling waves so that they either travelled upwards or downwards depending on the direction of the radial heat flux.
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