Purpose: The purpose of this study was to asses fluoride varnish use by dental practitioners in Virginia. Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, all dentists in Virginia who are members of the Virginia Dental Association (VDA) were sent an online survey about usage and knowledge of fluoride varnish. Results: The majority of the respondents were general dentists (79%) followed by pediatric dentists (12%). Fluoride varnish use increased with year of graduation from dental school. Dentists who thought fluoride varnish was more effective and less time consuming use it more than other topical fluorides. Dentists who thought their patients prefer fluoride varnish use it more than other topical fluorides.Conclusion: The majority of dentists are not aware of the advantages of fluoride varnish. However, those who are, choose to use it as opposed to foams and gels. Recent graduates, with more exposure to fluoride varnish, use it more frequently.

AIM: The aim of this study is to compare, in a randomized clinical trial, the appearance improvement of white spot carious lesions (WSL) treated with resin infiltration (RI) – ICON®, 5% sodium fluoride (22,600 parts per million (ppm) with fluoride varnish (FV), and to assess the synergistic effect of adding Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate- MI Paste® (MIP) to these treatment modalities. METHODS: Forty subjects with unrestored WSL, after debanding fixed orthodontic appliances, were recruited from the Department of Orthodontics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University. A randomized, split-mouth, and double-blind clinical trial design was used to allocate subjects to resin infiltration and fluoride varnish without MI Paste® (RI and FV), 20 patients, and resin infiltration and fluoride varnish with MI Paste® (RI-MIP and FV-MIP), 20 patients. Patients in the MI Paste® present treatment group given 6-weeks supply of MI Paste®. The assessment methods were: 1) patient self-assessment, 2) expert panel subjective assessment, 3) clinical caries assessment using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and 4) actual lesion size assessment. Treatment efficacy was assessed after 4-6 weeks of application. The appearance improvement was analyzed at α level of 5% and a power of 90%. RESULTS: Over 4-6 weeks, RI treatment appeared to have a higher mean difference between baseline and follow-up compared to fluoride varnish with a statistically significant difference across all assessment methods. The patient self-assessment mean difference was 1.07 (±1.49); 95% CI [0.59 - 1.55], the expert panel subjective assessment mean difference was 0.75 (±1.06); 95% CI [0.61 - 0.88], the ICDAS mean difference was 0.38 (± 0.43); 95% CI [0.24 - 0.52], and the actual size assessment mean difference was 0.07 (±0.16); 95% CI [0.01 - 0.12]. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean differences between RI and RI-MIP, nor between FV and FV-MIP across all assessment methods. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that RI is significantly better in improving the appearance of WSLs when compared to FV. There is little evidence that use of MIP adds to the improvement of the appearance of WSL in conjunction with either modality. / 2019-09-26T00:00:00Z

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of preventive dental services (screening, oral health education, and fluoride varnish) given by pediatric medical providers with an assessment of caregivers interviewed at baseline and at 6-months follow-up.Methods: Using a prospective cohort study design, an oral health knowledge and socio-demographic questionnaire was delivered to a cross-section of caregivers of preschool-aged children seen at VCU Children's Pavilion. Baseline data was used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of caregivers prior to their children receiving preventive dental services (screening, oral health education, and fluoride varnish). Subsequently, six months into the program, caregivers of children receiving preventive dental services were retested on their oral health knowledge. The 23-item questionnaire included knowledge, behavior and opinion items on risk factors for dental diseases, care of child's teeth, and socio-demographic characteristics of the family. Data collection occurred in the clinic waiting rooms and the examination rooms. Results: A sample of 120 caregivers completed the baseline questionnaire. Caregivers at baseline reported 89% of the children have never been to a dentist. Sixty-four percent of caregivers have never been told by a doctor or nurse when their child should go to the dentist. After receiving preventive dental care in a primary care setting, there was a significant increase in the use of fluoridated toothpaste and less trouble brushing the child's teeth. Caregivers reported a significant increase in information given to them by medical residents about how to brush the child's teeth.Conclusion: The delivery of preventive dental services in a primary care setting is effective in improving certain aspects of caregiver oral health knowledge, though persistence is needed to further caregiver education in an effort to improve the oral health of children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the social determinants of CHIP (Child Health Investment Partnership) of Roanoke Valley children who participated in the preventive oral health program compared to those who did not. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of children (n=2,425) enrolled in CHIP of Roanoke Valley from September 2008-September 2014. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare age, gender, race, locality, parents’ education level, age at enrollment, and length of enrollment for oral health program participants versus those who did not participate. Results: Children who were Hispanic as well as children who enrolled in CHIP at an earlier age were more likely to enroll in the oral health program. Conclusions: By focusing on enrolling children at earlier ages, there is the potential to increase the use of dental care to match the recommended periodicity of dental care for young children.

Karies muss nicht zwangsweise durch invasives Bohren und anschließendes Restaurieren des Zahns behandelt werden. Beginnenden Entmineralisierungen der Zahnhartsubstanz kann heutzutage in verschiedener Weise substanz¬schonend entgegengewirkt werden. Ziel der vorliegenden In-vitro-Studie war es das Remineralisationspotential diverser neuartiger, zahnärztlicher Fluoridlacke auf initialen Schmelzläsionen zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurden aus gesunden, bovinen Zähnen Probenblöcke (n= 276) hergestellt und zufällig in zwölf Versuchsgruppen eingeteilt. Nach dem Erzeugen einer künstlichen Schmelzkaries durch 21-tägiges Lagern der Proben in einer Demineralisationslösung, wurden den Herstellerangaben folgend verschiedene Fluoridlacke appliziert: a) Natriumfluorid (Duraphat, 22.600 ppm F), b) Natriumfluorid in Kombination mit Kalziumfluorid (Biophat, 45.200 ppm F-), c) Natriumfluorid in Kombination mit Trikalziumphosphat (Clinpro White Varnish Mint, 22.600 ppm F-), d) Natriumfluorid in Kombination mit Casein Phospho¬peptid - amorphem Kalziumphosphat (MI Varnish, 22.600 ppm F-) und e) Silber-Diamin-Fluorid (Cariestop 30%, 35.400 ppm F-). Zwei Gruppen erfuhren zur Kontrolle keine Behandlung mit einem Lack. Um eine realitätsgetreue Umgebungssituation ähnlich der Mundhöhle zu simulieren, lagerten die Proben 28 Tage in einem pH-Wechselbad (6x120 Min Demineralisation/Tag). Zweimal täglich sorgten in verdünnter fluoridhaltiger Zahnpasta (14500 ppm F-, bzw. 5000 ppm F- Zahnpasta) getränkte Bürsten für die Reinigung der Schmelzoberflächen für je 10 Sekunden. Alle Proben wurden nach der 21-tägigen Demineralisationsphase, sowie nach der Lackbehandlung fotografiert und hinsichtlich der Läsionstiefe und des Mineralverlustes analysiert. Hierfür wurde die Technik der Transversalen Mikroradiographie zur Hilfe genommen. Alle angewandten Fluoridlacke führten zu einem signifikant geringeren Mineralverlust, sowie einem geringeren Fortschreiten der Läsionstiefe nach pH-cycling im Vergleich zur Negativkontrolle N1/N5 ohne Lackbehandlung (p≤0,043; außer NaF5, CPP5, SDF5). Unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen wurde jedoch alleinig durch die Behandlung mit Natriumfluorid in Kombination mit Kalziumfluorid (CaF1/CaF5) eine Remineralisation der künstlichen Schmelzkaries erzielt. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der Verwendung von 5.000 ppm F- Zahnpasta zu 1.450 ppm F- Zahn¬pasta hin¬sichtlich einer Verbesserung der Remineralisationsparameter konnte nur bei den Negativ¬kontrollgruppen festgestellt werden. Hochfluoridhaltige Zahnpasta in Kombination mit zahnärztlichen Lacken erzeugte hingegen keinen zusätzlichen Effekt im Vergleich zu normalfluoridhaltiger Zahnpasta in Kombination mit zahnärztlichen Lacken.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis IV 1 Einleitung 1 2 Literaturübersicht 3 2.1 Zahnschmelz 3 2.1.1 Aufbau und Eigenschaften 3 2.1.2 Rinderzahnschmelz als Ersatzmaterial für In-vitro-Versuche 6 2.2 Karies 7 2.2.1 Grundzüge der Kariesätiologie 8 2.2.2 Demineralisation und Remineralisation 9 2.3 Fluoride 12 2.3.1 Wirkungsweisen 12 2.3.2 Fluoridierungsmaßnahmen 13 3 Zielsetzung 21 4 Material und Methoden 23 4.1 Stichprobenumfangsplanung 23 4.2 Probenherstellung 23 4.3 Erzeugen einer künstlichen Kariesläsion 26 4.4 Erstellen von Dünnschliffen 28 4.5 Kolorimetrische Analyse 30 4.5.1 Fotoaufnahmen der Probe 30 4.5.2 Farbanalyse 32 4.5.3 Gruppeneinteilung 32 4.6 Probenbehandlung 33 4.7 pH-cycling 35 4.8 Analysen 37 4.8.1 Transversale Mikroradiographische Analyse 37 4.8.2 Kolorimetrische Analyse 38 4.9 Digitalisierung und Auswertung der Aufnahmen 38 4.9.1 Statistische Auswertung 40 5 Ergebnisse 42 5.1 Validierung des Stichprobenumfangs 42 5.2 TMR-Analyse - Ergebnisse des Mineralgehalts 43 5.2.1 ΔZDT 43 5.2.2 ΔZST 45 5.3 TMR-Analyse - Ergebnisse der Läsionstiefe 47 5.3.1 LDDT 47 5.3.2 LDST 48 5.4 Kolorimetrische Analyse 49 5.5 Graphische Auswertung des Läsionsverlaufs 51 6 Diskussion 54 6.1 Diskussion des In-vitro-Modells 54 6.2 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 56 7 Zusammenfassung 64 8 Summary 66 9 Verzeichnisse I 9.1 Abbildungsverzeichnis I 9.2 Tabellenverzeichnis II 9.3 Diagrammverzeichnis II 9.4 Literaturverzeichnis III 10 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit IX 11 Lebenslauf X 12 Danksagung XI / The treatment of caries does not necessarily require invasive measures. Initial demineralization of the tooth substance can also be counteracted in various ways without sacrificing further substance losses. The aim of this study was to compare the caries preventive effect of different fluoride varnishes on sound enamel, as well as on artificial enamel caries-like lesions. For this purpose, bovine enamel specimens (n = 276) with one sound surface [ST] and one artificial caries lesion [DT] were prepared and randomly allocated to twelve groups. The interventions before pH-cycling were: application of a varnish containing NaF (Duraphat, 22.600 ppm F-, NaF1/NaF5), NaF plus calcium fluoride (Biophat, 45.200 ppm F-, CaF1/CaF5), NaF plus tricalcium phosphate (Clinpro White Varnish Mint, 22.600 ppm F-, TCP1/TCP5), NaF plus CPP-ACP (MI Varnish, 22.600 ppm F-, CPP1/CPP5) and silver diamine fluoride (Cariestop 30%, 35.400 ppm F-, SDF1/SDF5). One group got no intervention. During the pH-cycling (28 days, 6x120 min demineralization/day) the half of the specimens of every group were brushed (10 s; 2x/d) with either 1.450 ppm F- or 5.000 ppm F- dentifrice slurry. The differences in view of the mineral loss, lesion depth and the color gradient between the two states after initial demineralization and after pH-cycling were investigated by a transversal microradiograph and a colorimetric analysis. The treatments of all varnishes showed a significantly lower increase in mineral loss and lesion depth after pH-cycling in comparison to the negative control without an intervention (p ≤ 0.043; except NaF5, CPP5, SDF5). However under the conditions chosen, only NaF + CaF could remineralize artificial enamel caries-like lesions. A significant difference between the use of 5.000 ppm F- toothpaste and 1.450 ppm F- toothpaste in terms of an enhanced remineralization could only be observed in groups N1/N5. The applications of a varnish in combination with the highly fluoridated toothpaste did not result in a significant difference in comparison to a varnish in combination with normal fluoridated toothpaste.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis IV 1 Einleitung 1 2 Literaturübersicht 3 2.1 Zahnschmelz 3 2.1.1 Aufbau und Eigenschaften 3 2.1.2 Rinderzahnschmelz als Ersatzmaterial für In-vitro-Versuche 6 2.2 Karies 7 2.2.1 Grundzüge der Kariesätiologie 8 2.2.2 Demineralisation und Remineralisation 9 2.3 Fluoride 12 2.3.1 Wirkungsweisen 12 2.3.2 Fluoridierungsmaßnahmen 13 3 Zielsetzung 21 4 Material und Methoden 23 4.1 Stichprobenumfangsplanung 23 4.2 Probenherstellung 23 4.3 Erzeugen einer künstlichen Kariesläsion 26 4.4 Erstellen von Dünnschliffen 28 4.5 Kolorimetrische Analyse 30 4.5.1 Fotoaufnahmen der Probe 30 4.5.2 Farbanalyse 32 4.5.3 Gruppeneinteilung 32 4.6 Probenbehandlung 33 4.7 pH-cycling 35 4.8 Analysen 37 4.8.1 Transversale Mikroradiographische Analyse 37 4.8.2 Kolorimetrische Analyse 38 4.9 Digitalisierung und Auswertung der Aufnahmen 38 4.9.1 Statistische Auswertung 40 5 Ergebnisse 42 5.1 Validierung des Stichprobenumfangs 42 5.2 TMR-Analyse - Ergebnisse des Mineralgehalts 43 5.2.1 ΔZDT 43 5.2.2 ΔZST 45 5.3 TMR-Analyse - Ergebnisse der Läsionstiefe 47 5.3.1 LDDT 47 5.3.2 LDST 48 5.4 Kolorimetrische Analyse 49 5.5 Graphische Auswertung des Läsionsverlaufs 51 6 Diskussion 54 6.1 Diskussion des In-vitro-Modells 54 6.2 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 56 7 Zusammenfassung 64 8 Summary 66 9 Verzeichnisse I 9.1 Abbildungsverzeichnis I 9.2 Tabellenverzeichnis II 9.3 Diagrammverzeichnis II 9.4 Literaturverzeichnis III 10 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit IX 11 Lebenslauf X 12 Danksagung XI

No description available.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a beneficial effect on the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSL) in the mandibular and maxillary teeth when the teeth in the maxilla are treated with fluoride varnish compared to a placebo group. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference between the test and placebo group in development of WSL. Material and Method: 182 patients from three clinics in Scania county (Sweden) undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected to participate, in the end 149 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, one receiving a varnish of 7700 ppm fluoride (Fluor Protector S, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and one a placebo varnish. Pre- and post-treatment photos were taken and WSL was graded according to Gorelick index by two independent observers.  Results: No significant difference could be seen between the test and placebo group, neither on surface nor individual level. The results were based on both t-test and percentual calculations.  Conclusion: The null hypothesis could be accepted since no significant difference could be seen between the test or placebo group. Due to the loss of a number of patients, mainly because of loss in the original study and new exclusion criteria set by the authors, the results may have been conflicted. More research is therefore needed to draw any conclusions. / Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns en effekt på förekomsten av white spot lesions (WSL) hos under- och överkäkens tänder när tänderna i överkäken behandlas med fluoridvarnish. Nollhypotesen sattes till att det inte finns någon skillnad mellan test- och placebogruppen i prevalens av WSL. Material och metod: Patienter från tre olika kliniker i Skåne deltog i studien, 149 av 182 deltagare fullföljde studien. Patienterna delades in i två grupper, en som fick ett fluoridvarnish med 7700 ppm fluorid (Fluor Protector S, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) och en med placebovarnish. Kliniska foton togs innan samt efter behandling med fast apparatur som graderades och bedömdes enligt Gorelick-skalan för WSL av två oberoende observatörer. Resultat: Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan testgruppen och placebogruppen varken på individ- eller ytnivå. Resultatet baserades på både t-test och procentberäkningar. Slutsats: Nollhypotesen accepterades då ingen signifikant skillnad fanns mellan test- och placebogrupp. På grund av bortfall av patienter, både i originalstudien men även med anledning av exklusionskriterier satta för denna studie, kan resultatet ha påverkats. Mer forskning behövs därför för att dra några slutsatser.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar in situ o efeito da associação do verniz fluoretado ao laser de Er:YAG e ao laser Nd:YAG na permeabilidade da dentina radicular erodida. Quarenta e oito fragmentos de dentina radicular bovina, com dimensões 2x2x2 mm, foram submetidos a um desafio erosivo inicial com ácido cítrico (0,3%, pH 3,2), por duas horas, sob agitação e armazenados em saliva artificial por vinte e quatro horas. Posteriormente, os espécimes foram divididos em relação aos tratamentos: verniz fluoretado e não fluoretado e subdivididos conforme a irradiação: laser de Er:YAG (100mJ, 3Hz), laser de Nd:YAG (70mJ, 15 Hz) e não irradiado. Após um período de lead in (2 dias), os voluntários (n=8) utilizaram dispositivos palatinos contendo três espécimes que foram submetidos a desafios erosivos ex vivo, quatro vezes ao dia, com ácido cítrico (0,3%, pH 3,2), durante 90s, por cinco dias. Na primeira fase do experimento, metade dos voluntários utilizou dispositivos contendo fragmentos tratados com verniz fluoretado, verniz fluoretado + laser de Er:YAG e verniz fluoretado + laser de Nd:YAG. A outra metade utilizou verniz não fluoretado, verniz não fluoretado + laser de Er:YAG e verniz não fluoretado + laser de Nd:YAG. Depois de um período de wash-out (15 dias), os voluntários foram cruzados quanto aos tratamentos, caracterizando um experimento cross-over 2x2. Ao final de cada fase experimental, a permeabilidade dentinária foi avaliada. A ANOVA dois critérios e o teste complementar de Duncan revelaram uma diferença significativa entre os espécimes tratados com o verniz fluoretado (p=0,005), verniz fluoretado + laser de Er:YAG (p=0,014) e verniz fluoretado + laser de Nd:YAG (p=0,025), em comparação aos tratados com verniz não fluoretado. Observou-se que, independentemente da associação aos lasers (Er:YAG ou Nd:YAG), o verniz fluoretado foi capaz de promover a redução da permeabilidade da dentina radicular erodida. Não se observou efeito adicional com a associação dos tratamentos. / The present study aimed to evaluate in situ the effect of associating the fluoride varnish to Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser at permeability of eroded root dentin. Forty-eight specimens of bovine root dentin (2x2x2mm) were subjected to initial erosive challenge with citric acid (0.3%, pH 3.2), for 2 hours under agitation and stored at artificial saliva, at 37&deg C, for 24 hours, followed by a remineralization period in artificial saliva. After that, specimens were divided according to the treatment: fluoride varnish and non-flouride varnish, and subdivided according to the irradiation: Er:YAG laser (100mJ, 3Hz), Nd:YAG laser (70mJ, 15Hz) and non-irradiated. After a lead-in period (2 days), 8 volunteers (n=8) wore a palatal device containing 3 specimens that was subjected to erosive challenges ex vivo, four times a day with citric acid (0.3%, pH3.2), for 90s, during 5 days. At the first experimental phase, half of volunteers wore devices containing specimens treated with fluoride varnish, fluoride varnish + Er:YAG laser and fluoride varnish + Nd:YAG laser, and the other half wore the specimens treated with non-fluoride varnish, non-fluoride varnish + Er:YAG laser and non-flouride varnish + Nd:YAG laser. After a wash-out period (15 days), volunteers were crossed to different treatment, characterizing a 2x2 cross-over experiment. At the end of each experimental phase, the dentinal permeability was evaluated. Two-way ANOVA and Duncans test revealed a significant difference between specimens treated with fluoride varnish (p=0,005), fluoride varnish + Er:YAG laser (p=0,014) and fluoride varnish + Nd:YAG (p=0,025) compared to specimens treated with no-fluoride varnish. It was observed that regardless of association to laser (Er:YAG or Nd:YAG), fluoride varnish was able to promote, in situ, the reduction of permeability of eroded root dentin, but no additional effect was observed when the treatments were associated.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar in situ o efeito da associação do verniz fluoretado ao laser de Er:YAG e ao laser Nd:YAG na permeabilidade da dentina radicular erodida. Quarenta e oito fragmentos de dentina radicular bovina, com dimensões 2x2x2 mm, foram submetidos a um desafio erosivo inicial com ácido cítrico (0,3%, pH 3,2), por duas horas, sob agitação e armazenados em saliva artificial por vinte e quatro horas. Posteriormente, os espécimes foram divididos em relação aos tratamentos: verniz fluoretado e não fluoretado e subdivididos conforme a irradiação: laser de Er:YAG (100mJ, 3Hz), laser de Nd:YAG (70mJ, 15 Hz) e não irradiado. Após um período de lead in (2 dias), os voluntários (n=8) utilizaram dispositivos palatinos contendo três espécimes que foram submetidos a desafios erosivos ex vivo, quatro vezes ao dia, com ácido cítrico (0,3%, pH 3,2), durante 90s, por cinco dias. Na primeira fase do experimento, metade dos voluntários utilizou dispositivos contendo fragmentos tratados com verniz fluoretado, verniz fluoretado + laser de Er:YAG e verniz fluoretado + laser de Nd:YAG. A outra metade utilizou verniz não fluoretado, verniz não fluoretado + laser de Er:YAG e verniz não fluoretado + laser de Nd:YAG. Depois de um período de wash-out (15 dias), os voluntários foram cruzados quanto aos tratamentos, caracterizando um experimento cross-over 2x2. Ao final de cada fase experimental, a permeabilidade dentinária foi avaliada. A ANOVA dois critérios e o teste complementar de Duncan revelaram uma diferença significativa entre os espécimes tratados com o verniz fluoretado (p=0,005), verniz fluoretado + laser de Er:YAG (p=0,014) e verniz fluoretado + laser de Nd:YAG (p=0,025), em comparação aos tratados com verniz não fluoretado. Observou-se que, independentemente da associação aos lasers (Er:YAG ou Nd:YAG), o verniz fluoretado foi capaz de promover a redução da permeabilidade da dentina radicular erodida. Não se observou efeito adicional com a associação dos tratamentos. / The present study aimed to evaluate in situ the effect of associating the fluoride varnish to Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser at permeability of eroded root dentin. Forty-eight specimens of bovine root dentin (2x2x2mm) were subjected to initial erosive challenge with citric acid (0.3%, pH 3.2), for 2 hours under agitation and stored at artificial saliva, at 37&deg C, for 24 hours, followed by a remineralization period in artificial saliva. After that, specimens were divided according to the treatment: fluoride varnish and non-flouride varnish, and subdivided according to the irradiation: Er:YAG laser (100mJ, 3Hz), Nd:YAG laser (70mJ, 15Hz) and non-irradiated. After a lead-in period (2 days), 8 volunteers (n=8) wore a palatal device containing 3 specimens that was subjected to erosive challenges ex vivo, four times a day with citric acid (0.3%, pH3.2), for 90s, during 5 days. At the first experimental phase, half of volunteers wore devices containing specimens treated with fluoride varnish, fluoride varnish + Er:YAG laser and fluoride varnish + Nd:YAG laser, and the other half wore the specimens treated with non-fluoride varnish, non-fluoride varnish + Er:YAG laser and non-flouride varnish + Nd:YAG laser. After a wash-out period (15 days), volunteers were crossed to different treatment, characterizing a 2x2 cross-over experiment. At the end of each experimental phase, the dentinal permeability was evaluated. Two-way ANOVA and Duncans test revealed a significant difference between specimens treated with fluoride varnish (p=0,005), fluoride varnish + Er:YAG laser (p=0,014) and fluoride varnish + Nd:YAG (p=0,025) compared to specimens treated with no-fluoride varnish. It was observed that regardless of association to laser (Er:YAG or Nd:YAG), fluoride varnish was able to promote, in situ, the reduction of permeability of eroded root dentin, but no additional effect was observed when the treatments were associated.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The majority of currently marketed fluoride varnishes (FV) have not been evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing dental caries. Fundamental research on FVs and how different formulations affect adherence to teeth, fluoride release into saliva and uptake by teeth is virtually non-existent. The objective of this work was to investigate the anti-caries potential, measured as fluoride release into saliva, change in surface microhardness of early enamel caries lesions, and enamel fluoride uptake, of multiple commercially available FVs. We have found that FVs differed in their release characteristics, rehardening capability, and ability to deliver fluoride to demineralized lesions. In addition to our in vitro work, we have conducted a clinical study that aimed to compare saliva and plaque fluid fluoride concentrations following the application of three commercially available FV treatments at predetermined post application time points. We also investigated the change in fluoride concentration in saliva and plaque fluid fluoride from baseline to each post application predetermined time point. We found that FVs varied in their release of fluoride into saliva and plaque fluid but shared common trends in release characteristics. The outcomes of our in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate a great variation in anti-caries potential of FVs. This may be attributed to different compositions and physical properties of the tested FVs.