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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Influência da inalação de metanol na farmacocinética enantiosseletiva da fluvastatina em ratos / Inalation influence of methanol on the pharmacokinetics enantiosselective of fluvastatin in rats.

Cardoso, Juciane Lauren Cavalcanti 30 April 2008 (has links)
Os enantiômeros de um fármaco administrado como mistura racêmica, podem manifestar diferentes efeitos farmacológicos e toxicológicos. A fluvastatina (FV), um inibidor da HMG-CoA redutase, é comercializada como mistura racêmica dos enantiômeros (-)-3S,5R e (+)-3R,5S (eutômero) e com eliminação no homem essencialmente dependente do CYP2C9. O metanol, amplamente usado como solvente, combustível e em processos de sínteses, é um inibidor do CYP2C9 em humanos. Diante do exposto, o estudo visou avaliar a influência do metanol na farmacocinética enantiosseletiva da fluvastatina administrada sob forma racêmica a ratos. Foram investigados ratos machos Wistar tratados com dose única de 5 mg/kg de fluvastatina racêmica administrada por gavagem. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: controle e expostos a metanol em concentrações de 262 mg/m3 e 1048 mg/m3. A exposição ao metanol foi feita em câmara de exposição do tipo apenas pelo nariz, em sessões consecutivas de 6 horas com intervalos de 2 horas, durante o período de 30 horas de coletas seriadas de sangue. Os enantiômeros da FV foram analisados em HPLC com amostrador automático e detecção por fluorescência, operando em 305 nm para excitação e 390 nm para emissão. A análise farmacocinética foi realizada por modelo bicompartimental e cinética de primeira ordem. Os resultados são reportados como medianas, médias e respectivos intevalos de confiança (95%). A farmacocinética da fluvastatina é enantiosseletiva em ratos do grupo controle com acúmulo plasmático do enantiômero (-)-3S,5R, com AUC0-? (2,97 vs 0,99 ?g.h.mL-1), volume de distribuição (9,80 vs 44,60 L.kg-1) e clearance aparente (0,85 vs 2,52 L.h-1.kg-1). A disposição cinética da fluvastatina nos animais do grupo metanol 262 mg/m3, à semelhança do grupo controle foi enantiosseletiva com observação de acúmulo plasmático do enantiômero (-)-3S,5R. Não foram observadas diferenças nas razões enantioméricas entre os animais do grupo controle e metanol 262 mg/m3. As diferenças para o eutômero (+)-3R,5S entre os grupos controle e metanol (1048 mg/m3) foram respectivamente: Cl/F 2.52 (1.64- 3.40) vs 1.51 (1.01-2.06) L.h-1.Kg-1; Vd/F 44.60 (19.20-55.49) vs 10.45 (7.20-15.96) L.Kg-1; t1/2? 10.85 (5.92-14,47) vs 5.23 (4.22-6.27) h; ? 0.06 (0.04-0.11) 0.13 (0.10- 0.16)h-1, AUC 0-? 991.79 (689.57-1491.00) vs 1647.20 (1155.30-2391.60) ng.h.mL-1,e AUC(-)/AUC(+) 2.50 (2.03-4.06) vs 1.22 (0.96-1.56). Em resumo, os dados evidenciam que a exposição ao metanol (1048 mg/m3) resulta em perda da enantiosseletividade com inibição do metabolismo somente do eutômero (+)-3R,5S, alterando portanto de maneira enantiosseletiva a disposição cinética da FV administrada a ratos. / Dislipidemia is one of the main causes of cardiovascular illness and very frequent in the adults population. Fluvastatin, a racemic mixture of the (-)-3S,5R and (+)-3R,5S enantiomers, has been shown to be a potent competitive inhibitor of HMGCoA reductase used in the hypercholesterolemia treatment and with elimination in the man essentially dependent of the CYP2C9. Methanol is used by solvent and is an inhibitor of the CYP2C9 in human beings. The present study reports the influence of methanol inhalation on the enantiosselective pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin in rats. Fluvastatin was administrated by oral gavage (5 mg/Kg) to the animals (n=6/time) and blood samples were collected until 30 hours. The enantiomers were analysed by HPLC using Chiralcel® OD-H column and fluorescence detection. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analysed by Wilcoxon and Mann-Witney tests. The results are reported as mean (95% CI). Kinetic disposition of FV for animals exposed to methanol (262mg/m3), as for control group, was enantiosselective with plasma accumulation of (-)-3S,5R enantiomer. The following differences (p< 0.05) were observed between the control and methanol (1048 mg/m3), apparent total clearance (Cl/F) of 2.52 (1.64-3.40) vs 1.51 (1.01-2.06) L.h-1.Kg-1; apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) of 44.60 (19.20-55.49) vs 10.45 (7.20-15.96) L.Kg-1; elimination half life (t1/2?) of 10.85 (5.92-14,47) vs 5.23 (4.22-6.27) h; elimination rate constant (?) of 0.06 (0.04-0.11) 0.13 (0.10-0.16) h-1, area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC 0-?) of 991.79 (689.57-1491.00) vs 1647.20 (1155.30- 2391.60) ng.h.mL-1, and AUC(-)/AUC(+) 2.50 (2.03-4.06) vs 1.22 (0.96-1.56). The data demonstrated that methanol inhalation at 1048 mg/m3 results in loss of enantioselectivity with plasmatic accumulation of (+)-3R5S, modifying the enantioselective kinetic disposition of Fluvastatin in rats.
2

Influência da inalação de metanol na farmacocinética enantiosseletiva da fluvastatina em ratos / Inalation influence of methanol on the pharmacokinetics enantiosselective of fluvastatin in rats.

Juciane Lauren Cavalcanti Cardoso 30 April 2008 (has links)
Os enantiômeros de um fármaco administrado como mistura racêmica, podem manifestar diferentes efeitos farmacológicos e toxicológicos. A fluvastatina (FV), um inibidor da HMG-CoA redutase, é comercializada como mistura racêmica dos enantiômeros (-)-3S,5R e (+)-3R,5S (eutômero) e com eliminação no homem essencialmente dependente do CYP2C9. O metanol, amplamente usado como solvente, combustível e em processos de sínteses, é um inibidor do CYP2C9 em humanos. Diante do exposto, o estudo visou avaliar a influência do metanol na farmacocinética enantiosseletiva da fluvastatina administrada sob forma racêmica a ratos. Foram investigados ratos machos Wistar tratados com dose única de 5 mg/kg de fluvastatina racêmica administrada por gavagem. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: controle e expostos a metanol em concentrações de 262 mg/m3 e 1048 mg/m3. A exposição ao metanol foi feita em câmara de exposição do tipo apenas pelo nariz, em sessões consecutivas de 6 horas com intervalos de 2 horas, durante o período de 30 horas de coletas seriadas de sangue. Os enantiômeros da FV foram analisados em HPLC com amostrador automático e detecção por fluorescência, operando em 305 nm para excitação e 390 nm para emissão. A análise farmacocinética foi realizada por modelo bicompartimental e cinética de primeira ordem. Os resultados são reportados como medianas, médias e respectivos intevalos de confiança (95%). A farmacocinética da fluvastatina é enantiosseletiva em ratos do grupo controle com acúmulo plasmático do enantiômero (-)-3S,5R, com AUC0-? (2,97 vs 0,99 ?g.h.mL-1), volume de distribuição (9,80 vs 44,60 L.kg-1) e clearance aparente (0,85 vs 2,52 L.h-1.kg-1). A disposição cinética da fluvastatina nos animais do grupo metanol 262 mg/m3, à semelhança do grupo controle foi enantiosseletiva com observação de acúmulo plasmático do enantiômero (-)-3S,5R. Não foram observadas diferenças nas razões enantioméricas entre os animais do grupo controle e metanol 262 mg/m3. As diferenças para o eutômero (+)-3R,5S entre os grupos controle e metanol (1048 mg/m3) foram respectivamente: Cl/F 2.52 (1.64- 3.40) vs 1.51 (1.01-2.06) L.h-1.Kg-1; Vd/F 44.60 (19.20-55.49) vs 10.45 (7.20-15.96) L.Kg-1; t1/2? 10.85 (5.92-14,47) vs 5.23 (4.22-6.27) h; ? 0.06 (0.04-0.11) 0.13 (0.10- 0.16)h-1, AUC 0-? 991.79 (689.57-1491.00) vs 1647.20 (1155.30-2391.60) ng.h.mL-1,e AUC(-)/AUC(+) 2.50 (2.03-4.06) vs 1.22 (0.96-1.56). Em resumo, os dados evidenciam que a exposição ao metanol (1048 mg/m3) resulta em perda da enantiosseletividade com inibição do metabolismo somente do eutômero (+)-3R,5S, alterando portanto de maneira enantiosseletiva a disposição cinética da FV administrada a ratos. / Dislipidemia is one of the main causes of cardiovascular illness and very frequent in the adults population. Fluvastatin, a racemic mixture of the (-)-3S,5R and (+)-3R,5S enantiomers, has been shown to be a potent competitive inhibitor of HMGCoA reductase used in the hypercholesterolemia treatment and with elimination in the man essentially dependent of the CYP2C9. Methanol is used by solvent and is an inhibitor of the CYP2C9 in human beings. The present study reports the influence of methanol inhalation on the enantiosselective pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin in rats. Fluvastatin was administrated by oral gavage (5 mg/Kg) to the animals (n=6/time) and blood samples were collected until 30 hours. The enantiomers were analysed by HPLC using Chiralcel® OD-H column and fluorescence detection. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analysed by Wilcoxon and Mann-Witney tests. The results are reported as mean (95% CI). Kinetic disposition of FV for animals exposed to methanol (262mg/m3), as for control group, was enantiosselective with plasma accumulation of (-)-3S,5R enantiomer. The following differences (p< 0.05) were observed between the control and methanol (1048 mg/m3), apparent total clearance (Cl/F) of 2.52 (1.64-3.40) vs 1.51 (1.01-2.06) L.h-1.Kg-1; apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) of 44.60 (19.20-55.49) vs 10.45 (7.20-15.96) L.Kg-1; elimination half life (t1/2?) of 10.85 (5.92-14,47) vs 5.23 (4.22-6.27) h; elimination rate constant (?) of 0.06 (0.04-0.11) 0.13 (0.10-0.16) h-1, area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC 0-?) of 991.79 (689.57-1491.00) vs 1647.20 (1155.30- 2391.60) ng.h.mL-1, and AUC(-)/AUC(+) 2.50 (2.03-4.06) vs 1.22 (0.96-1.56). The data demonstrated that methanol inhalation at 1048 mg/m3 results in loss of enantioselectivity with plasmatic accumulation of (+)-3R5S, modifying the enantioselective kinetic disposition of Fluvastatin in rats.
3

The Effect of Statins on IL-33 Mediated Mast Cell Function

Taruselli, Marcela 01 January 2015 (has links)
This study demonstrates original findings of statin effects on IL-33 stimulated mast cells. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol production by targeting HMG CoA reductase. These commonly prescribed drugs have been shown to be immunomodulatory. In this study, we have found that pretreatment with statins has a variety of effects on IL-33 stimulated mast cells. Atorvastatin suppresses TNF and IL-6 production, while fluvastatin significantly enhances release of these proinflammatory cytokines in BMMCs. Although they have differing effects on cytokine production, both statins lowered ST2 expression on the cell surface, decreased cell viability, and enhanced expression of the transcription factor KLF2, a negative regulator of NFκB. Blocking isoprenylation by using geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, but not farnesyl transferase, mimicked the effects of atorvastatin, while neither mirrored the effect of fluvastatin. Furthermore, fluvastatin effects were not reversed by mevalonic acid, the product of HMG-CoA reductase. These data indicate that fluvastatin effects are distinct from its activities as an HMG CoA reductase inhibitor. Fluvastatin effects required the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), and were enhanced by increasing SCF concentrations. Finally, fluvastatin enhanced IL-33-induced cytokine production and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that statins can alter the mast cell response, and that drug choice can have divergent effects on outcome.
4

Fluvastatin and microRNA-146a alter interleukin-33 mediated mast cell functions.

Taruselli, Marcela 01 January 2019 (has links)
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells known as effector cells for the innate and adaptive immune systems. Mast cells contribute to host defenses against parasites such as large roundworm parasites, bacterial pathogens, and toxins, and participate in wound healing, but they are mostly known for their role in allergic diseases. It has been well established that during allergic diseases, mast cells are stimulated by IgE cross-linkage to release proinflammatory mediators. However, a newly discovered cytokine, IL-33 has also been implicated in allergic disease. Recently, IL-33 has been implicated as a driver of several Type I sensitivities and previous studies have shown that IL-33 can stimulate mast cells in atopic inflammation. Although the importance of IL-33 has been established, there are still several things unknown about IL-33 signaling regulation or treatment. This dissertation will present two separate studies involving the modulation of IL-33-mediated mast cells function In the first study, the effects of fluvastatin are explored. In a previous study, fluvastatin was shown to inhibit proinflammatory functions of IgE crosslinked mast cells. Contrasting to IgE stimulation, fluvastatin augments IL-6 and TNF production in IL-33 stimulated mast cells, but suppressed MCP-1. This phenomenon was seen in mouse and human mast cells in vitro and replicated in a mast cell-dependent murine model of IL-33-induced inflammation in vivo. In the second study, IL-33 was found to induce miR-146a expression in mouse mast cells and mast cell-derived exosomes in vitro, and in plasma exosomes in vivo. IL-33 induced miR-146a was of interest because miR-146a is a known negative regulator of TLR signaling, which shares the MyD88 signaling pathway with IL-33. We found that miR-146a KO mast cells are hyperresponsive to IL-33 stimulation, data that were replicated by suppressing miR-146a-5p in WT mast cells. In an acute mast cell repopulation model, kitW-sh/W-sh mice containing miR-146a KO BMMC had increased IL-33 induced neutrophilia in comparison to their controls. Collectively, these data reveal new IL-33 signaling pathways and means of altering its inflammatory effects on mast cells. Because IL-33 has important roles in allergy and other Th2-mediated diseases, these results advance clinically relevant areas of immunology.
5

Análise enantiosseletiva da fluvastatina em plasma por eletroforese capilar / Enantioselective analysis of fluvastatin in plasma by capillary electrophoresis

Yokoya, Jennifer Michiko Chauca 04 September 2013 (has links)
Atualmente, as doenças cardiovasculares constituem as principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo. As estatinas são consideradas os agentes mais efetivos e mais bem tolerados para o tratamento do aumento excessivo dos níveis de colesterol no sangue, ou hipercolesterolemia. A fluvastatina (FLV), um fármaco hipolipêmico, de segunda geração, pertencente à classe das estatinas, e é comercializada como mistura racêmica, ou seja, uma mistura equimolar da (+)-3R, 5S-FLV e (-)-3S, 5R-FLV. Além disso, é descrito na literatura que o enantiômero (+)- 3R, 5S- FLV possui atividade cerca de trinta vezes maior do que seu antípoda, o que justifica a importância e necessidade de métodos para análise enantiosseletiva de fármacos que possuam um ou mais centros de assimetria. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a extração dos enantiômeros da FLV de matriz biológica (plasma) utilizando uma técnica de eletromigração em capilar, a cromatografia eletrocinética (EKC). A análise da FLV por cromatografia eletrocinética empregou como técnica de concentração online o stacking por injeção de grande volume, em um capilar de sílica fundida não revestido, de 50,0 cm de comprimento efetivo e 75 ?m de diâmetro interno, solução tampão tetraborato de sódio 50 mmol L-1, pH 9,5; adicionado de 20 mmol L-1 de 2-hidroxipropil-?-ciclodextrina como eletrólito de corrida, tensão de +25 kV, temperatura de 15 °C, injeção hidrodinâmica (0,5 psi por 30 segundos) e detecção em 300 nm. A separação dos enantiômeros foi obtida com valores de resolução de 3,0 e eficiência de 255840 e 150056, e tempos de migração de 7,2 e 7,4 minutos para a (+)-3R, 5S- FLV e (-)-3S, 5R- FLV, respectivamente. O procedimento de preparo de amostra foi baseado na extração em fase sólido-líquida (SLE), com a adição de 0,5 mL de solução tampão fosfato de sódio 0,1 mol L-1 pH 7,0 em 0,5 mL de plasma, previamente fortificado com padrão de FLV. A amostra foi aplicada na coluna e depois de 15 minutos, a FLV foi eluída com 4 mL de éter etílico. O método analítico foi validado avaliando os parâmetros seletividade, linearidade, precisão e exatidão inter e intra-dia, limite de quantificação, carry-over, efeito matriz, integridade da diluição e estudos de estabilidade. Além disso, foi realizado o estudo de racemização. Os resultados apresentaram linearidade na faixa de concentração plasmática de 250 a 725 ng mL-1 para cada enantiômero, sendo o limite de quantificação a concentração de 250 ng mL-1. Os estudos de precisão e exatidão apresentaram valores aceitáveis, com variação menor do que 15%. Além disso, não foi observado efeito carry-over e as amostras foram estáveis quando submetidas a ciclos de congelamento e descongelamento, estabilidade de curta e longa duração, pós-processamento e não foi observada racemização dos enantiômeros. Em relação ao efeito matriz, procedimentos alternativos foram usados com sucesso para análise de amostras lipêmicas e hemolisadas de plasmas. Sendo assim, este é o primeiro método bioanalítico desenvolvido, rápido e confiável, para quantificar os enantiômeros da FLV em amostras de plasma por EKC usando a SLE como técnica de preparo de amostra. / Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. Statins are considered the most effective and well tolerated agents for the excessive increase in cholesterol blood levels, or hypercholesterolemia. Fluvastatin (FLV), a hypolipidemic second generation drug belongs to statin drug class, and it is commercialized as a racemate, that is, a equimolar mixture of (+)-3R, 5S- FLV and (-)-3S, 5R- FLV. Moreover, literature describes that (+)-3R, 5S- FLV enantiomer activity is thirty times higher than its antipode, which justifies the importance and necessity of methods for the stereoselective analysis of drugs which possess one or more than one asymmetry centers. Thus, this work aims the extraction of FLV enantiomers from a biological matrix (plasma) using one of the electromigration techniques, the EKC. FLV analysis by EKC employed large volume sample stacking as sample on-column concentration technique using a fused-silica capillary with 50.0 cm effective length and 75 ?m internal diameter, 50 mmol L-1 sodium tetraborate buffer, pH 9,5 plus 20 mmol L-1 2-hydroxipropyl-?-cyclodextrin as a background electrolyte, voltage of +25 kV, temperature of 15ºC, with sample injected in hydrodynamic injection mode (0,5 psi for 30 seconds) and detection using a diode array detector set at 300 nm. The enantiomers resolution was achieved with a resolution value of 3.0, and efficiency of 255840 and 150056, migration times of 7.2 and 7.4 minutes for (+)-3R, 5S- FLV and (-)-3S, 5R- FLV, respectively. Supported liquid extraction was the chosen sample preparation procedure, with the addition of 0.5 mL of 0.1 mol L-1 pH 7.0 phosphate buffer to 0.5 mL of plasma, the mixture was applied to the column and allowed to wet for 15 minutes, 4 mL of ethyl ether was then applied to the top of the column, allowed to percolate by gravity and the eluted solvent was collected in an ambar tube, the solvent was submitted to evaporation under nitrogen flow and the residue was ressuspended for injection in the capillary electrophoresis equipment. The analytical method was validated covering selectivity, linearity, within-run and between-run precision and accuracy, limit of quantification, carry-over, matrix effect, dilution integrity and stability studies parameters. The racemization study was also performed. The results support that the analytical method is linear in the range of concentrations from 250 to 725 ng mL-1for each enantiomer, and the limit of quantification was 250 ng mL-1; the method is precise and accurate, with variation under 15%. Besides, no carry-over effect was observed, and both enantiomers showed to be stable under thaw and freeze cycles, short and long term stability studies, autosampler stability, and also no racemization was observed. Related to matrix effect, alternative procedures were employed sucessfully in case of analysis of lipemeic and hemolized matrices. So, this is the first bioanalytical method developed, fast and reliable, to quantify FLV enantiomers in plasma samples using EKC with SLE as sample preparation procedure.
6

Análise enantiosseletiva da fluvastatina em plasma por eletroforese capilar / Enantioselective analysis of fluvastatin in plasma by capillary electrophoresis

Jennifer Michiko Chauca Yokoya 04 September 2013 (has links)
Atualmente, as doenças cardiovasculares constituem as principais causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo. As estatinas são consideradas os agentes mais efetivos e mais bem tolerados para o tratamento do aumento excessivo dos níveis de colesterol no sangue, ou hipercolesterolemia. A fluvastatina (FLV), um fármaco hipolipêmico, de segunda geração, pertencente à classe das estatinas, e é comercializada como mistura racêmica, ou seja, uma mistura equimolar da (+)-3R, 5S-FLV e (-)-3S, 5R-FLV. Além disso, é descrito na literatura que o enantiômero (+)- 3R, 5S- FLV possui atividade cerca de trinta vezes maior do que seu antípoda, o que justifica a importância e necessidade de métodos para análise enantiosseletiva de fármacos que possuam um ou mais centros de assimetria. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a extração dos enantiômeros da FLV de matriz biológica (plasma) utilizando uma técnica de eletromigração em capilar, a cromatografia eletrocinética (EKC). A análise da FLV por cromatografia eletrocinética empregou como técnica de concentração online o stacking por injeção de grande volume, em um capilar de sílica fundida não revestido, de 50,0 cm de comprimento efetivo e 75 ?m de diâmetro interno, solução tampão tetraborato de sódio 50 mmol L-1, pH 9,5; adicionado de 20 mmol L-1 de 2-hidroxipropil-?-ciclodextrina como eletrólito de corrida, tensão de +25 kV, temperatura de 15 °C, injeção hidrodinâmica (0,5 psi por 30 segundos) e detecção em 300 nm. A separação dos enantiômeros foi obtida com valores de resolução de 3,0 e eficiência de 255840 e 150056, e tempos de migração de 7,2 e 7,4 minutos para a (+)-3R, 5S- FLV e (-)-3S, 5R- FLV, respectivamente. O procedimento de preparo de amostra foi baseado na extração em fase sólido-líquida (SLE), com a adição de 0,5 mL de solução tampão fosfato de sódio 0,1 mol L-1 pH 7,0 em 0,5 mL de plasma, previamente fortificado com padrão de FLV. A amostra foi aplicada na coluna e depois de 15 minutos, a FLV foi eluída com 4 mL de éter etílico. O método analítico foi validado avaliando os parâmetros seletividade, linearidade, precisão e exatidão inter e intra-dia, limite de quantificação, carry-over, efeito matriz, integridade da diluição e estudos de estabilidade. Além disso, foi realizado o estudo de racemização. Os resultados apresentaram linearidade na faixa de concentração plasmática de 250 a 725 ng mL-1 para cada enantiômero, sendo o limite de quantificação a concentração de 250 ng mL-1. Os estudos de precisão e exatidão apresentaram valores aceitáveis, com variação menor do que 15%. Além disso, não foi observado efeito carry-over e as amostras foram estáveis quando submetidas a ciclos de congelamento e descongelamento, estabilidade de curta e longa duração, pós-processamento e não foi observada racemização dos enantiômeros. Em relação ao efeito matriz, procedimentos alternativos foram usados com sucesso para análise de amostras lipêmicas e hemolisadas de plasmas. Sendo assim, este é o primeiro método bioanalítico desenvolvido, rápido e confiável, para quantificar os enantiômeros da FLV em amostras de plasma por EKC usando a SLE como técnica de preparo de amostra. / Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. Statins are considered the most effective and well tolerated agents for the excessive increase in cholesterol blood levels, or hypercholesterolemia. Fluvastatin (FLV), a hypolipidemic second generation drug belongs to statin drug class, and it is commercialized as a racemate, that is, a equimolar mixture of (+)-3R, 5S- FLV and (-)-3S, 5R- FLV. Moreover, literature describes that (+)-3R, 5S- FLV enantiomer activity is thirty times higher than its antipode, which justifies the importance and necessity of methods for the stereoselective analysis of drugs which possess one or more than one asymmetry centers. Thus, this work aims the extraction of FLV enantiomers from a biological matrix (plasma) using one of the electromigration techniques, the EKC. FLV analysis by EKC employed large volume sample stacking as sample on-column concentration technique using a fused-silica capillary with 50.0 cm effective length and 75 ?m internal diameter, 50 mmol L-1 sodium tetraborate buffer, pH 9,5 plus 20 mmol L-1 2-hydroxipropyl-?-cyclodextrin as a background electrolyte, voltage of +25 kV, temperature of 15ºC, with sample injected in hydrodynamic injection mode (0,5 psi for 30 seconds) and detection using a diode array detector set at 300 nm. The enantiomers resolution was achieved with a resolution value of 3.0, and efficiency of 255840 and 150056, migration times of 7.2 and 7.4 minutes for (+)-3R, 5S- FLV and (-)-3S, 5R- FLV, respectively. Supported liquid extraction was the chosen sample preparation procedure, with the addition of 0.5 mL of 0.1 mol L-1 pH 7.0 phosphate buffer to 0.5 mL of plasma, the mixture was applied to the column and allowed to wet for 15 minutes, 4 mL of ethyl ether was then applied to the top of the column, allowed to percolate by gravity and the eluted solvent was collected in an ambar tube, the solvent was submitted to evaporation under nitrogen flow and the residue was ressuspended for injection in the capillary electrophoresis equipment. The analytical method was validated covering selectivity, linearity, within-run and between-run precision and accuracy, limit of quantification, carry-over, matrix effect, dilution integrity and stability studies parameters. The racemization study was also performed. The results support that the analytical method is linear in the range of concentrations from 250 to 725 ng mL-1for each enantiomer, and the limit of quantification was 250 ng mL-1; the method is precise and accurate, with variation under 15%. Besides, no carry-over effect was observed, and both enantiomers showed to be stable under thaw and freeze cycles, short and long term stability studies, autosampler stability, and also no racemization was observed. Related to matrix effect, alternative procedures were employed sucessfully in case of analysis of lipemeic and hemolized matrices. So, this is the first bioanalytical method developed, fast and reliable, to quantify FLV enantiomers in plasma samples using EKC with SLE as sample preparation procedure.
7

Mise en évidence de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans les tumeurs gliales et glioneuronales de l'enfant / Evidence of new therapeutic targets in glial and glioneuronal pediatric tumors

Mercurio, Sandy 19 December 2013 (has links)
Les tumeurs gliales et glioneuronales sont les tumeurs cérébrales les plus fréquentes chez l'enfant. Elles sont généralement d'excellent pronostic. En revanche, les astrocytomes pilocytiques (AP) hypothalamo-chiasmatiques, ont un potentiel évolutif plus agressif. Ce travail de thèse propose une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour ce sous-type d'AP selon la méthode du « drug repositioning », en employant la combinaison du celecoxib et de la fluvastatine. Nos travaux ont montré in vitro que cette association de molécules était synergique, capable d'arrêter le cycle cellulaire, de diminuer la prolifération et d'induire l'apoptose des cellules tumorales. Cette combinaison a également été testée avec succès chez une patiente souffrant d'un AP multifocal et réfractaire aux traitements conventionnels dans le cadre d'une thérapie métronomique. Ce manuscrit décrit également l'étude histo-moléculaire de plusieurs séries de tumeurs gliales et glioneuronales pédiatriques menées afin d'améliorer leur caractérisation et leur diagnostic. Nos travaux ont confirmé la présence de la fusion KIAA1549:BRAF dans les AP analysés ainsi que le caractère péjoratif de la topographie hypothalamo-chiasmatique, du variant histologique pilomyxoïde et de l'âge au diagnostic inférieur à 36 mois. Ils ont également montré l'absence de différence moléculaire entre les gliomes corticaux de grade II et des DNT. Enfin, nos travaux ont montré que les DNT, les GG et les PXA partagent la mutation BRAFV600E et l'expression de CD34. Ces travaux confirment l'implication majeure de l'altération de la voie des MAPKinases dans la tumorigenèse de ces tumeurs, constituant ainsi une cible thérapeutique prometteuse. / Glial and glioneuronal tumors are the most frequent brain tumors in children. They are characterized by an excellent prognosis. However, hypothalamic-chiasmatic pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) have a more aggressive outcome. In the first part, we propose a new therapeutic strategy for hypothalamic-chiasmatic PA according to drug repositioning method, by using celecoxib, and fluvastatin. We showed that, in vitro, this combination was synergistic, stopped cell cycle, inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In addition, this combination was tested with success, under a metronomic chemotherapy, for a girl suffering from a multifocal PA and refractory to conventional treatment. This new strategy of treatment appears promising for this type of tumor because it is less toxic than conventional chemotherapy and not too expensive. In the second part, this manuscript describes the histo-molecular study of several retrospective series of glial and glioneuronal pediatric tumors conducted to improve their characterization and their diagnosis. We confirmed the presence of the fusion gene KIAA1549: BRAF in PA as well as the pejorative nature of the hypothalamic-chiasmatic topography, pilomyxoïde histology and the age at diagnosis less than 36 months. We also showed no molecular difference between cortical grade II gliomas associated with chronic epilepsy and the DNT group. Finally, we showed that DNT, GG and PXA share BRAFV600E mutation and expression of CD34. These studies confirm the major implication of the MAPKinase altered pathway in tumorigenesis of glial and glioneuronal pediatric tumors, constituting a promising therapeutic target.
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Validação de métodos para análise de estatinas em medicamentos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar / Validation of methods for analysis of statins in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

González Tejerina, Karina Litzi 05 December 2011 (has links)
As estatinas são os fármacos mais usados para tratamento das hiperlipidemias em prevenção primária e secundária, com o propósito de diminuir os níveis de lipoproteínas plasmáticas ricas em colesterol e reduzir os riscos de doença arterialcoronária (DAC) (WITZTUM, 2005). Estes efeitos são resultantes da atividade inibidora das estatinas sobre a enzima HMG-CoA redutase (hidroximetilglutaril-CoA redutase), com a propriedade de bloquear a conversão do substrato HMG-CoA em ácido mevalônico, inibindo os primeiros passos da biossíntese de colesterol. Estas substâncias, (fluvastatina FS, atorvastatina ATC e rosuvastatina RC) são capazes de mimetizar o substrato natural. Podem ser divididas em naturais e sintéticas e diferem fundamentalmente, em termos de potência, perfil farmacocinético, interação farmacológica e efeito indesejado relacionado à miotoxicidade. Na presente pesquisa foram desenvolvidos e validados métodos analíticos de separação (cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar) para cada fármaco. Estes métodos foram aplicados a medicamentos comercializados no Brasil. O método por CLAE foi realizado em coluna LiChrospher® RP-18 (125x4 mm, 5&#181;m) Merck® e uma fase móvel composta por metanol:água (70:30 v/v) para FS e ATC, (60:40 v/v) para RC, com 5 mM trietilamina e pH ajustado para 3.0 com ácido ortofosfórico. O método mostrou boa linearidade (r 0,9915), (LD 2,02 e LQ 6,12) FS; (r 0,9959), (LD 0,44 e LQ 1,34) ATC e (r 0,9945), (LD 1,55 e LQ 4,70) RC. A exatidão foi expressa em porcentagem de recuperação (R% 99,59) FS, (R% 100,24) ATC e (R% 99,2). Pelo método MEKC foi realizado utilizando capilar de sílica fundida de 40,2 cm x 75 m d. i. (30 cm até detector); eletrólito: tampão borato 20 mM: SDS 30 mM: metanol10% v/v pH 9,24; voltagem aplicada: +22 kV; injeção: hidrodinâmica 0,5 psi/3s, apresentaram linearidade (r 0,9997), (LD 0,94 e LQ 2,85) FS; (r 0,9999), (LD 2,36 e LQ 7,17) ATC. A porcentagem de recuperação (R% 104,61) FS, (R% 103,96) ATC. Pelo método CZE foi realizado utilizando sílica fundida de 40,2 cm de cumprimento sendo 30 cm até o detector, 75 &#181;m de d.i. e 375 &#181;m de d.d., eletrólito: tampão tetraborato de sódio 20 mM, pH 9,20; voltagem aplicada: +25kV; injeção: hidrodinâmica 0,5 psi/5s, apresentou linearidade (r 0,9989), (LD 4,92 e LQ 14,91) RC; A porcentagem de recuperação (R% 100,66) RC. / Statins are the drugs most commonly used for treatment of hyperlipidemia in primary and secondary prevention, with the aim of reducing levels of lipoproteins rich in cholesterol and reduce the risk of coronary-artery disease (CAD) (Witztum, 2005). These effects are due to the inhibitory activity of statins on the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase), with the property to block the conversion of the substrate HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, inhibiting the first steps of cholesterol biosynthesis. These substances (fluvastatin FS, atorvastatin ATC and rosuvastatin RC) may mimic the natural substrate, can be divided into natural and synthetic, and differ fundamentally in terms of potency, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and unwanted effects related to muscle-toxicity. In the present study were developed and fully validated analytical methods of separation (high efficiency liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis) for each drug. These methods were applied to drugs marketed in Brazil. The method was performed by HPLC column LiChrospher® RP-18 (125x4 mm, 5mm) Merck® and a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (70:30 v / v) for FS and ATC (60:40 v / v) to RC, with 5 mM triethylamine and pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid. The method showed good linearity (r 0.9915), (2.02 LD and LQ 6.12) FS; (r 0.9959), (0.44 LD and LQ 1.34) ATC; (r 0.9945), (1.55 LD and LQ 4.70) for RC. The accuracy was expressed as a percentage of recovery (R% 99.59%) FS, (R% 100.24) ATC and (R 99.2%) RC. The MEKC method was performed using a fused silica capillary of 40.2 cm x 75 m d. i. (30 cm to detector); electrolyte: 20 mM borate buffer: 30 mM SDS: metanol10% v / v pH 9.24, applied voltage: +22 kV, injection: hydrodynamic psi/3s 0.5 showed linearity (r 0, 9997), (LQ 0.94 and LD 2.85) FS, (r 0.9999), (LQ 2.36 and LD 7.17) ATC. The percentage recovery (% R 104.61) FS, (R 103.96%) ATC. The CZE method was performed using fused silica of 40.2 cm long and 30 cm to the detector, 75 mm in di and 375 mm in dd, electrolyte: sodium tetraborate buffer 20 mM, pH 9.20, applied voltage: +25 kV, injection: hydrodynamic psi/5s 0.5, showed linearity (r 0.9989), (4.92 LD and LQ 14.91) RC; The percentage recovery (% R 100.66) RC.
9

Validação de métodos para análise de estatinas em medicamentos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar / Validation of methods for analysis of statins in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Karina Litzi González Tejerina 05 December 2011 (has links)
As estatinas são os fármacos mais usados para tratamento das hiperlipidemias em prevenção primária e secundária, com o propósito de diminuir os níveis de lipoproteínas plasmáticas ricas em colesterol e reduzir os riscos de doença arterialcoronária (DAC) (WITZTUM, 2005). Estes efeitos são resultantes da atividade inibidora das estatinas sobre a enzima HMG-CoA redutase (hidroximetilglutaril-CoA redutase), com a propriedade de bloquear a conversão do substrato HMG-CoA em ácido mevalônico, inibindo os primeiros passos da biossíntese de colesterol. Estas substâncias, (fluvastatina FS, atorvastatina ATC e rosuvastatina RC) são capazes de mimetizar o substrato natural. Podem ser divididas em naturais e sintéticas e diferem fundamentalmente, em termos de potência, perfil farmacocinético, interação farmacológica e efeito indesejado relacionado à miotoxicidade. Na presente pesquisa foram desenvolvidos e validados métodos analíticos de separação (cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar) para cada fármaco. Estes métodos foram aplicados a medicamentos comercializados no Brasil. O método por CLAE foi realizado em coluna LiChrospher® RP-18 (125x4 mm, 5&#181;m) Merck® e uma fase móvel composta por metanol:água (70:30 v/v) para FS e ATC, (60:40 v/v) para RC, com 5 mM trietilamina e pH ajustado para 3.0 com ácido ortofosfórico. O método mostrou boa linearidade (r 0,9915), (LD 2,02 e LQ 6,12) FS; (r 0,9959), (LD 0,44 e LQ 1,34) ATC e (r 0,9945), (LD 1,55 e LQ 4,70) RC. A exatidão foi expressa em porcentagem de recuperação (R% 99,59) FS, (R% 100,24) ATC e (R% 99,2). Pelo método MEKC foi realizado utilizando capilar de sílica fundida de 40,2 cm x 75 m d. i. (30 cm até detector); eletrólito: tampão borato 20 mM: SDS 30 mM: metanol10% v/v pH 9,24; voltagem aplicada: +22 kV; injeção: hidrodinâmica 0,5 psi/3s, apresentaram linearidade (r 0,9997), (LD 0,94 e LQ 2,85) FS; (r 0,9999), (LD 2,36 e LQ 7,17) ATC. A porcentagem de recuperação (R% 104,61) FS, (R% 103,96) ATC. Pelo método CZE foi realizado utilizando sílica fundida de 40,2 cm de cumprimento sendo 30 cm até o detector, 75 &#181;m de d.i. e 375 &#181;m de d.d., eletrólito: tampão tetraborato de sódio 20 mM, pH 9,20; voltagem aplicada: +25kV; injeção: hidrodinâmica 0,5 psi/5s, apresentou linearidade (r 0,9989), (LD 4,92 e LQ 14,91) RC; A porcentagem de recuperação (R% 100,66) RC. / Statins are the drugs most commonly used for treatment of hyperlipidemia in primary and secondary prevention, with the aim of reducing levels of lipoproteins rich in cholesterol and reduce the risk of coronary-artery disease (CAD) (Witztum, 2005). These effects are due to the inhibitory activity of statins on the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase), with the property to block the conversion of the substrate HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, inhibiting the first steps of cholesterol biosynthesis. These substances (fluvastatin FS, atorvastatin ATC and rosuvastatin RC) may mimic the natural substrate, can be divided into natural and synthetic, and differ fundamentally in terms of potency, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and unwanted effects related to muscle-toxicity. In the present study were developed and fully validated analytical methods of separation (high efficiency liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis) for each drug. These methods were applied to drugs marketed in Brazil. The method was performed by HPLC column LiChrospher® RP-18 (125x4 mm, 5mm) Merck® and a mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (70:30 v / v) for FS and ATC (60:40 v / v) to RC, with 5 mM triethylamine and pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid. The method showed good linearity (r 0.9915), (2.02 LD and LQ 6.12) FS; (r 0.9959), (0.44 LD and LQ 1.34) ATC; (r 0.9945), (1.55 LD and LQ 4.70) for RC. The accuracy was expressed as a percentage of recovery (R% 99.59%) FS, (R% 100.24) ATC and (R 99.2%) RC. The MEKC method was performed using a fused silica capillary of 40.2 cm x 75 m d. i. (30 cm to detector); electrolyte: 20 mM borate buffer: 30 mM SDS: metanol10% v / v pH 9.24, applied voltage: +22 kV, injection: hydrodynamic psi/3s 0.5 showed linearity (r 0, 9997), (LQ 0.94 and LD 2.85) FS, (r 0.9999), (LQ 2.36 and LD 7.17) ATC. The percentage recovery (% R 104.61) FS, (R 103.96%) ATC. The CZE method was performed using fused silica of 40.2 cm long and 30 cm to the detector, 75 mm in di and 375 mm in dd, electrolyte: sodium tetraborate buffer 20 mM, pH 9.20, applied voltage: +25 kV, injection: hydrodynamic psi/5s 0.5, showed linearity (r 0.9989), (4.92 LD and LQ 14.91) RC; The percentage recovery (% R 100.66) RC.
10

Četnost vybraných genetických polymorfismů cytochromu P450 v české populaci a vliv genotypu CYP2C9 na hypolipidemické působení fluvastatinu / Frequency of selected genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 in the Czech population and the influence of CYP2C9 genotype on the hypolipidemic effect of fluvastatin

Buzková, Helena January 2012 (has links)
55 Abstract Frequency of selected genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 in the Czech population and the influence of CYP2C9 genotype on the hypolipidemic effect of fluvastatin Introduction: One of the main factors of genetically determined variability in response of humans to administered drugs are differences in catalytic activity of metabolizing enzymes, which are caused mainly by genetic polymorphisms in cytochrom P450 family enzymes. This thesis consists of two parts and it is presented as a commentary to the original papers. The first aim was to investigate the frequency of functionally important variant alleles of three main isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 gene: CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, throughout the Czech population, predict the prevalence of poor metabolizer phenotypes, and then to compare the results to the data from other populations. Secondly, we analysed the correlation between the CYP2C9 genotype and cholesterol-lowering effect of fluvastatin in human hypercholesterolemic patients. Methods: Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. The presence of alleles CYP2D6*1, *6, *5, *4, *3, and gene duplication was analysed in 233 healthy volunteers, CYP2C9*1, *2 and*3 in 254 subjects and CYP2C19*1, *2 and *2 in 218 subjects. Eighty seven patients on fluvastatin therapy, and 48 patients on monotherapy...

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