Yes / A comparative food ethnobotanical study was carried out in twenty-one local communities in Italy, fourteen of which were located in Northern Italy, one in Central Italy, one in Sardinia, and four in Southern Italy. 549 informants were asked to name and describe food uses of wild botanicals they currently gather and consume. Data showed that gathering, processing and consuming wild food plants are still important activities in all the selected areas. A few botanicals were quoted and cited in multiple areas, demonstrating that there are ethnobotanical contact points among the various Italian regions (Asparagus acutifolius, Reichardia picroides, Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, Silene vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica dioica, Sonchus and Valerianella spp.). One taxon (Borago officinalis) in particular was found to be among the most quoted taxa in both the Southern and the Northern Italian sites. However, when we took into account data regarding the fifteen most quoted taxa in each site and compared and statistically analysed these, we observed that there were a few differences in the gathering and consumption of wild food plants between Northern and Southern Italy. In the North, Rosaceae species prevailed, whereas in the South, taxa belonging to the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, and Liliaceae s.l. families were most frequently cited. We proposed the hypothesis that these differences may be due to the likelihood that in Southern Italy the erosion of TK on wild vegetables is taking place more slowly, and also to the likelihood that Southern Italians' have a higher appreciation of wild vegetables that have a strong and bitter taste. A correspondence analysis confirmed that the differences in the frequencies of quotation of wild plants within the Northern and the Southern Italian sites could be ascribed only partially to ethnic/cultural issues. An additional factor could be recent socio-economic shifts, which may be having a continued effort on people's knowledge of wild food plants and the way they use them. Finally, after having compared the collected data with the most important international and national food ethnobotanical databases that focus on wild edible plants, we pointed out a few uncommon plant food uses (e.g. Celtis aetnensis fruits, Cicerbita alpine shoots, Helichrysum italicum leaves, Lonicera caprifolium fruits, Symphytum officinale leaves), which are new, or have thus far been recorded only rarely.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cultrera_m_me_botfca.pdf: 689308 bytes, checksum: 964dc88de2251ab72a18d9d37a11eedf (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se moradores da periferia de uma pequena cidade de interior cultivam plantas alimentares e em que medida mantêm relações com as áreas rurais. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento etnobotânico das plantas alimentares cultivadas por moradores de cinco bairros da periferia de Santo Antonio do Leverger, MT, identificando a origem dos materiais de plantio e doações dos mesmos, as áreas de cultivo estabelecidas pelos moradores, bem como os aspectos sócio-econômicos relacionados com a prática agrícola. Foram feitas duas amostragens: a primeira aleatória, de 135 domicílios, e a segunda através da Análise por Julgamento, onde 30 unidades familiares foram escolhidas por terem alguma área sendo constantemente manejada. Verificou-se que os moradores cultivam plantas alimentares em quintais, terrenos, roças na “praia” e roças em “campo fora”, sendo comum o cultivo em mais de uma área por família, principalmente pelos entrevistados da segunda amostra (50%). Foram encontradas pelo menos 93 espécies de plantas pertencentes a 38 famílias botânicas, sendo as mais freqüentes: Anacardiaceae e Rutaceae. As plantas alimentares encontradas em maior número de domicílios foram a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) (n=30) e a banana (Musa spp) (n=27). Foram citadas mais plantas perenes (68%) para quintais, ao contrário dos terrenos e roças, onde as anuais foram mais citadas (56% e 81,3%, respectivamente). A maioria das plantas cultivadas nas unidades familiares (n=696) teve origem externa e foram obtidas principalmente através da rede social (n=353) e mercado (n=208); outras foram originadas de plantas já cultivadas pelas famílias (n=246). A maior parte das aquisições (84,5%, n=583) e das doações (85%, n=205) ocorreram dentro do município, principalmente dentro da área urbana, mas houve trocas com a área rural... / The goal of this study was to investigate if outskirts residents of a small interior city cultivate food plant and how is the relation that they keep with rural areas. For this was carried out an inventory of the food plants used by the residents of five districts of Santo Antonio de Leverger-MT, identifying the origin and the destiny of the plant material donated, the cultivated areas and the socioeconomic aspects related with the local agriculture. For this, in a first moment, it was used a random sample composed of 135 households. After this, a judgment sample was conducted, where 30 households having managed areas, were selected. The results indicated that the outskirt’s residents maintain food plants in their homegardens, unoccupied land areas, cultivated fields on the lowland and dryland. A family usually has more than one cultivated area, specially the ones interviewed in the second sample. Ninety three species and 38 botanical families were identified, being Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae, the most found botanical families. Cassava (n=30) and banana (n=27) were the most encountered plants. Perennial plants were commonly found in homegardens (68%). In “terrenos” and “roças” the annual plants were dominant (56% and 81.3%, respectivally). Considering the origin of the plants, we found that the greater number of cultivated ones were obtained from external sources (n=696); specially throught social network (n=353) and market source (n=208). A total of 246 plants were originated by plants already cultivated by the families. The majority of this material was obtained in the urban zones of the municipality, besides existing exchanges with the rural zone. The people who most exchange and receive this plant material have some characteristics in commum: they are usually from rural areas, cultivate the greatest amount of plants in their properties and maintain...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pilla_mac_me_fca.pdf: 1253482 bytes, checksum: 23575d56e99e50cc843d07cbea74ea93 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um inventário das plantas alimentares cultivadas e coletadas da vegetação nativa e ruderal, em área de Mata Atlântica, conhecidas por dois grupos de populações rurais: um residente no Núcleo Santa Virgínia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) e outro no seu limite. Os 23 entrevistados amostrados atenderam aos seguintes critérios: origem na região do Núcleo; idade superior a 45 anos; intimidade no trato com a terra. Ao todo foram levantadas 146 espécies botânicas, distribuídas em 43 famílias botânicas, sendo as famílias Solanaceae e Cucurbitaceae as mais representativas e basicamente hortícolas. Os índices de diversidade Shannon-Wiener e equidade de Pielou foram 1,98 (Base 10) e 0,91, respectivamente. Os dois grupos de bairros apresentaram uma similaridade de citação de plantas alimentares de 75,0%. A freqüência do consumo alimentar foi analisada por meio de dados obtidos pelo método retrospectivo das últimas 24 horas, revelando que os alimentos cultivados e coletados da vegetação nativa são consumidos esporadicamente De acordo com a amplitude total do nicho alimentar dada pelo índice de Levins (21,3) e de Levins padronizado (21,0%), verificou-se que mesmo com um elevado número de itens consumidos, 2 são poucos os alimentos que compõem a dieta básica da comunidade, demonstrando que a população amostrada é mais especialista, o que indica dependência de alguns alimentos. Notase que a comunidade possui um conhecimento significativo das plantas alimentares e que há uma significante riqueza de espécies e de variedades cultivadas nos quintais e nas roças, apesar da dieta principal ser adquirida basicamente no comércio local. A comunidade rural estudada se revelou como um importante sistema de conservação de germoplasma de plantas cultivadas. Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, plantas alimentares, comunidades rurais, Mata Atlântica. / The goal of this study was to carry out an inventory of the food plants cultivated and collected of the native and spontaneous vegetation, in an area of Atlantic Forest, known by two groups of rural populations: a resident in the Núcleo Santa Virgínia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) and another one in its limits. The 23 informants took care of the following criteria: origin in the region; superior age of 45 years old; familiarity in the treatment with the land. At all, 146 botanical species were raised, distributed in 43 botanical families, being the most representative families and basically horticultural families, the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. The Shannon-Wiener diversity s index and Pielou s equity had been 1.98 (Base 10) and 0.91, respectively. The two groups of districts had presented a citation similarity of nutritional plants cited of 75.0%. The frequency of the alimentary consumption was analyzed through data obtained with a 24 hours recall method, showing that the cultivated and collected foods from the native vegetation are consumed sporadically. In accordance with the total amplitude of the food niche given by the Levins s index (21.3) and standardized Levins (21.0%), was verified that, in spite of a greater number of food items consumed, the basic diet of the 4 community is composed by few items, showing that the population is more specialist, what indicates a dependence of some foods. It is noticed that the community has a significant knowledge on the nutritional plants and there are a great number of species and varieties cultivated in the yards and countrysides, despite the main diet being acquired basically in the local commerce. The agricultural community studied is an important system of cultivated plants conservation. Key-words: Ethnobotany, food plants, rural communities, Atlantic forest.

Orientador: Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo / Banca: Maristela Simões do Carmo / Banca: Marcos Aparecido Pizano / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se moradores da periferia de uma pequena cidade de interior cultivam plantas alimentares e em que medida mantêm relações com as áreas rurais. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento etnobotânico das plantas alimentares cultivadas por moradores de cinco bairros da periferia de Santo Antonio do Leverger, MT, identificando a origem dos materiais de plantio e doações dos mesmos, as áreas de cultivo estabelecidas pelos moradores, bem como os aspectos sócio-econômicos relacionados com a prática agrícola. Foram feitas duas amostragens: a primeira aleatória, de 135 domicílios, e a segunda através da Análise por Julgamento, onde 30 unidades familiares foram escolhidas por terem alguma área sendo constantemente manejada. Verificou-se que os moradores cultivam plantas alimentares em quintais, terrenos, roças na "praia" e roças em "campo fora", sendo comum o cultivo em mais de uma área por família, principalmente pelos entrevistados da segunda amostra (50%). Foram encontradas pelo menos 93 espécies de plantas pertencentes a 38 famílias botânicas, sendo as mais freqüentes: Anacardiaceae e Rutaceae. As plantas alimentares encontradas em maior número de domicílios foram a mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) (n=30) e a banana (Musa spp) (n=27). Foram citadas mais plantas perenes (68%) para quintais, ao contrário dos terrenos e roças, onde as anuais foram mais citadas (56% e 81,3%, respectivamente). A maioria das plantas cultivadas nas unidades familiares (n=696) teve origem externa e foram obtidas principalmente através da rede social (n=353) e mercado (n=208); outras foram originadas de plantas já cultivadas pelas famílias (n=246). A maior parte das aquisições (84,5%, n=583) e das doações (85%, n=205) ocorreram dentro do município, principalmente dentro da área urbana, mas houve trocas com a área rural...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate if outskirts residents of a small interior city cultivate food plant and how is the relation that they keep with rural areas. For this was carried out an inventory of the food plants used by the residents of five districts of Santo Antonio de Leverger-MT, identifying the origin and the destiny of the plant material donated, the cultivated areas and the socioeconomic aspects related with the local agriculture. For this, in a first moment, it was used a random sample composed of 135 households. After this, a judgment sample was conducted, where 30 households having managed areas, were selected. The results indicated that the outskirt's residents maintain food plants in their homegardens, unoccupied land areas, cultivated fields on the lowland and dryland. A family usually has more than one cultivated area, specially the ones interviewed in the second sample. Ninety three species and 38 botanical families were identified, being Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae, the most found botanical families. Cassava (n=30) and banana (n=27) were the most encountered plants. Perennial plants were commonly found in homegardens (68%). In "terrenos" and "roças" the annual plants were dominant (56% and 81.3%, respectivally). Considering the origin of the plants, we found that the greater number of cultivated ones were obtained from external sources (n=696); specially throught social network (n=353) and market source (n=208). A total of 246 plants were originated by plants already cultivated by the families. The majority of this material was obtained in the urban zones of the municipality, besides existing exchanges with the rural zone. The people who most exchange and receive this plant material have some characteristics in commum: they are usually from rural areas, cultivate the greatest amount of plants in their properties and maintain...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

Orientador: Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo / Banca: Lin Chau Ming / Banca: Natalia Hanazaki / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um inventário das plantas alimentares cultivadas e coletadas da vegetação nativa e ruderal, em área de Mata Atlântica, conhecidas por dois grupos de populações rurais: um residente no Núcleo Santa Virgínia (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) e outro no seu limite. Os 23 entrevistados amostrados atenderam aos seguintes critérios: origem na região do Núcleo; idade superior a 45 anos; intimidade no trato com a terra. Ao todo foram levantadas 146 espécies botânicas, distribuídas em 43 famílias botânicas, sendo as famílias Solanaceae e Cucurbitaceae as mais representativas e basicamente hortícolas. Os índices de diversidade Shannon-Wiener e equidade de Pielou foram 1,98 (Base 10) e 0,91, respectivamente. Os dois grupos de bairros apresentaram uma similaridade de citação de plantas alimentares de 75,0%. A freqüência do consumo alimentar foi analisada por meio de dados obtidos pelo método retrospectivo das últimas 24 horas, revelando que os alimentos cultivados e coletados da vegetação nativa são consumidos esporadicamente De acordo com a amplitude total do nicho alimentar dada pelo índice de Levins (21,3) e de Levins padronizado (21,0%), verificou-se que mesmo com um elevado número de itens consumidos, 2 são poucos os alimentos que compõem a dieta básica da comunidade, demonstrando que a população amostrada é mais especialista, o que indica dependência de alguns alimentos. Notase que a comunidade possui um conhecimento significativo das plantas alimentares e que há uma significante riqueza de espécies e de variedades cultivadas nos quintais e nas roças, apesar da dieta principal ser adquirida basicamente no comércio local. A comunidade rural estudada se revelou como um importante sistema de conservação de germoplasma de plantas cultivadas. Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica, plantas alimentares, comunidades rurais, Mata Atlântica. / Abstract: The goal of this study was to carry out an inventory of the food plants cultivated and collected of the native and spontaneous vegetation, in an area of Atlantic Forest, known by two groups of rural populations: a resident in the “Núcleo Santa Virgínia” (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) and another one in its limits. The 23 informants took care of the following criteria: origin in the region; superior age of 45 years old; familiarity in the treatment with the land. At all, 146 botanical species were raised, distributed in 43 botanical families, being the most representative families and basically horticultural families, the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. The Shannon-Wiener diversity’s index and Pielou’s equity had been 1.98 (Base 10) and 0.91, respectively. The two groups of districts had presented a citation similarity of nutritional plants cited of 75.0%. The frequency of the alimentary consumption was analyzed through data obtained with a 24 hours recall method, showing that the cultivated and collected foods from the native vegetation are consumed sporadically. In accordance with the total amplitude of the food niche given by the Levins’s index (21.3) and standardized Levins (21.0%), was verified that, in spite of a greater number of food items consumed, the basic diet of the 4 community is composed by few items, showing that the population is more specialist, what indicates a dependence of some foods. It is noticed that the community has a significant knowledge on the nutritional plants and there are a great number of species and varieties cultivated in the yards and countrysides, despite the main diet being acquired basically in the local commerce. The agricultural community studied is an important system of cultivated plants conservation. Key-words: Ethnobotany, food plants, rural communities, Atlantic forest. / Mestre

Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Resumo: As plantas alimentícias negligenciadas como a Pereskia grandifolia Hawer e Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn são definidas por possuírem uma ou mais partes, ou produtos, que podem ser utilizados na alimentação. Entretanto, o consumo destas espécies não é comum e tão pouco são divulgadas informações sobre o preparo e a importância nutricional. O cozimento, além de facilitar a palatabilidade dos vegetais, pode aumentar a biodisponibilidade dos compostos bioativos. Essas hortaliças são consumidas, geralmente, após o processamento térmico, que diminuem os fatores antinutricionais presentes quando in natura. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do cozimento em fervura, vapor e micro-ondas em diferentes tempos, com relação ao conteúdo de poli(fenois) e carotenoides, bem como a atividade antioxidante total em P. grandifolia e T. paniculatum. Os resultados contribuíram para a caracterização de compostos fenólicos e carotenoides em folhas de P. grandifolia e T. paniculatum, os quais possuem uma série de benefícios para a saúde humana. Estes compostos variam conforme a espécie analisada e o processamento térmico empregado, podendo aumentar o valor nutricional e funcional do alimento, sendo essas espécies importantes fontes de compostos bioativos, que podem auxiliar o organismo humano a combater os radicais livres. / Abstract: Neglected food plants such as a Pereskia grandifolia Hawer and Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn are defined by contain one or more parts, or products, that can be used in feeding. However, the consumption of these species is not common and there is few information about the culinary preparation and nutritional importance. Besides, cooking, can to facilitated the palatability of the vegetables, may increase the bioavailability of the bioactive compounds. These vegetables are usually consumed after thermal processing because there is a decrease in antinutritional factors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boiling, microwave and steam cooking at different times, about the content of polyphenols and carotenoids, as well as a total antioxidant activity in P. grandifolia and T. paniculatum. The results contributed to the characterization of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in P. grandifolia and T. paniculatum leaves, which have a series of benefits for human health. These compounds vary according to the species analyzed and the thermal processing employed, and may increase the nutritional and functional value of the food. These species are an important sources of these bioactive compounds, which can help the human organism fight against the free radicals. / Mestre

This work describes the development of legislative provisions relating to the issue of animal products as food, issued in the CR and the EU. This work also reports their implementation in food businesses, particularly in terms of data provided on product labels. During this work product labels were collected in selected chain stores, documented by photography and the obtained results were compared with the applicable requirements of the CR. The observed data of this study are also compared with the requirements of Act No. 110/1997 Coll. Food, and Decree No. 113/2005 Coll. Individual products of the investigated area (meat and dairy products) are also compared with each other (Point method and Simplified Point Method) and in terms of significance, consumer attention and other appurtenances associated with data on product labels were surveyed. The results revealed a strong dominance of Czech manufacturers on our market in categories of both milk and meat products. In terms of characteristics that producers are obliged to provide, no significant errors were found. If the products lacked any indication, it was usually an indication of dietary (nutritional) value for both meat and dairy products. Manufacturers of the products studied provided a large number of optional information (logos, etc.). We conclude they should rather focus on some of consumer-preferred emblems, for there is high number of them and they seem difficult to follow by the customers. Most consumers prefer the Klasa and the ?Český výrobek? (Czech product) logos.

Diploma thesis deals with direct cooling systems in food processing plants. The work focuses on the description of the components of the refrigerant cycle, with emphasis on the choice of refrigerant. The result is a design of direct cooling system in the food factory in the variants with refrigerant R404A and R717. The work describes the advantages and disadvantages of various options. The work includes an experimental section which deals with the measure-ment and processing of the actual values of the refrigerant cycle and the comparison of two cold sources.