This thesis centres on Karl Marx’s conceptualization of the forces of production, which I argue has received poor treatment in contemporary Marxist literature and is in need of reconstruction. Narrow and ‘lifeless’ understandings of the concept serve to drag Marx into a modernist ‘march of progress,’ which is at odds with the deep ecological basis of his arguments and hold back current attempts to bring ‘nature back in’ to historical materialism. Conceptualizing forces of production broadly to look at that dimension of human existence through which humanity is purposefully linked to the rest of nature, brings out that ecological content and provides a foundation upon which we can shed light on contemporary environmental crises. More specifically, I argue that this allows us to reframe the classical Marxist notion of a contradiction between the forces and relations of production—by seeing ecological thinking itself (i.e. recognition of the need to maintain and restore the indispensible ‘metabolism between humanity and nature’) and associated action, as an advancement in the productive forces, which is however being subordinated and colonized by the imperatives of capital accumulation. / Graduate

This study is an exploration of the social engineering of the single-party era through the lenses of state officials in their work of propagating the nationalist state ideology. It aims to bring the state officials, in their (re)production of the beliefs and values as products and as the (re)producers of the state ideology, to the forefront. More specifically, it studies the negotiations and the contestations between state officials in regards to three main social structures which are (ethno)nationalism, womanhood, and laicism. A fourth social structure is the hierarchical relations within the state bureaucracy. A deeper understanding of the social engineering through the lenses of state officials is provided through a discursive close reading of the archival data regarding the activities of Halkevleri (People’s Houses), which were state institutions through which the state ideology was propagated to the people.

The dissertation reinterprets the concept of forces of production through an ecological lens and analyzes the fettering of “green productive forces” in the context of the deepening climate crisis. In contrast to more established interpretations, I define forces of production broadly as the practices, processes, relations and objects through which we are purposefully linked to and transform the rest of nature. I demonstrate the basis for this interpretation in Marx’s own work and develop its implication through contemporary scholarship. In present circumstances, it allows us to see that ecological knowledge itself, as well as associated developments in renewable energy technology and green infrastructure, represent advancements in productive forces. However, I argue that such green productive forces are today fettered by capitalist relations of production. The second portion of the dissertation analyzes this process through case studies focusing on Canadian fossil capitalism. In this context, I examine the deepening of fossil-fuelled productive forces and simultaneous blockages in the development and productive utilization of renewable energy and ecological knowledge. This includes a focus on carbon capital’s strategic efforts to colonize such productive forces and fashion them in a manner that is consonant with the accumulation strategies and power relations permeating fossil capitalism. / Graduate / 2020-03-29

The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyse the Dolkam Šuja Company, a.s. Through the selected methods, described in the first part, the company’s current situation is evaluated and on its basis the measures for improving the current state of the company are proposed.

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Novaes_HenriqueTahan_M.pdf: 775401 bytes, checksum: 80cc6107e929c845b959320c335e933d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta as conclusões e o percurso teórico metodológico de uma pesquisa financiada pela Fapesp realizada em 8 Fábricas Recuperadas (FRs) brasileiras, argentinas e uruguaias para identificar processos de Adequação Sócio-Técnica (AST). No plano teórico, iniciou-se pela avaliação da concepção, entre outras, da corrente principal do marxismo, que acredita que as forças produtivas seguem um caminho inexorável e podem ser usadas numa eventual sociedade socialista. Provavelmente por isso, os partidários da Economia Solidária acreditam que a tecnologia convencional, engendrada sob a égide das relações sociais de produção capitalistas para atender à lógica de acumulação das grandes empresas, pode ser usada sem significativas modificações nos empreendimentos autogestionários que preconizam. Baseado na visão daqueles que revisitando o enfoque da construção social da tecnologia argumentam no sentido antagônico, e nos estudos sobre aprendizagem técnico-econômica latino-americanos, concebemos o conceito de AST. Ele pode ser entendido como um processo inverso ao da construção sócio - técnica, em que um artefato tecnológico sofreria um processo de adequação aos valores e interesses políticos de grupos sociais relevantes, distintos daqueles que originalmente participaram de sua construção. Na pesquisa empírica, observamos que as FRs, apesar de inseridas no sistema produtor de mercadorias e tendendo a reproduzir as relações de trabalho herdadas, promoveram processos de AST nos âmbitos de a) software: mudanças de natureza cultural ligadas à repartição do excedente (i.e., retiradas mais próximas ou igualitárias), adequação parcial da fábrica aos interesses dos trabalhadores, apropriação do conhecimento do processo produtivo sem modificação da divisão do trabalho; b) orgware: apropriação do conhecimento do processo produtivo com modificação da divisão do trabalho; c) hardware: aquisição de maquinário, adaptações e repotenciamento. As FRs observadas, embora tenham promovido processos que se inserem na tipologia de sete modalidades de AST propostas na metodologia desenvolvida na pesquisa, parecem encontrar obstáculos devido: a) à naturalização da organização do processo de trabalho pelos cooperados, b) ao fetiche da tecnologia, que leva a que se acredite que a última tecnologia é sempre a melhor e se ignore seu caráter relacional, c) ao tempo necessário para uma transformação significativa das forças produtivas e da forma de repartição do excedente, d) aos constrangimentos impostos pelo mercado capitalista / Abstract: This dissertation presents the conclusions and the methodologica1 theoretica1 course of a research accomplished in eight Recovered Firms (FRs) from Brazil, Argentine and Uruguay to identify processes of Socio-Technica1 Adequation (STA). In the theoretica1 approach, we began by evaluating the conception, among other, of the marxism's mainstream that believes that the productive forces follow a relentless road and they can be used in an eventual socialist society. Probably for that reason, the supporting of the Solidary Economy believe that the conventional technology, engendered under the aegis of the capitalist social relations of production to promote the accumulation of capital of the great companies, can be used without significant modifications in the self management enterprises that they extol. Based on the vision of those that revisiting the focus of the social construction of the technology argues in the antagonistic sense, and in the latin-americans studies on techno-economical learning, we conceived the concept of STA. It can be understood as an inverse process of the socio-technical construction, in that a technologica1 artefact would suffer an adaptation process to the values and politica1 interests of relevant social groups, different from those that originally participated in it construction. In the empiric research, we observed that RFs, in spite of having inserted in the system producing of goods and tending to reproduce the work relationships inherited, promoted processes of STA in the leve1s: a) software: changes of cultural nature linked to the partition of the surplus (closer or equalitarian "wages"), partial adaptation of the factory to the workers' interests, appropriation of the knowledge of the productive process without modification of the division of the labour; b) orgware: appropriation of the productive process's knowledge with modification in the division of the labour; c) hardware: acquisition of machines, adaptations and recapacity. Although the observed firms have promoted processes that interfere in the typology of seven modalities of ST A proposed in the methodology developed in the research, they face obstacles related with: a) the naturalization of the labour process's organization for those cooperated, b) the fetish of the technology, that takes us to believe the last technology is always the best and ignore it relational character, c) the necessary time for a significant transformation of the productive forces and in the way of partition in the surplus, d) the impediments imposed by the capitalist market / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica