Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio Augustus da Mota Pacheco.pdf: 22692415 bytes, checksum: 9ba6a876d87ce2e0284ed9ff53487a4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-11 / In recent decades, internationalization has been adopted by micro, small and medium enterprises MSE s as a commercial alternative. Two reasons stand out to justify such an operation. The first is related to long-term growth and the second for the opportunity of new business. However, in both situations you need to know in depth the international market due to it s dynamism. In this context, the company's efforts in managing the market knowledge and international demands is greater than the effort for managing knowledge in the domestic market, which requires a degree of ability to absorb knowledge. In this sense, understand the absorption capacity becomes one of the skills essential for companies operating in such markets. Considering the importance of internationalization in business and the need to understand the absorption capacity, this study has as objective to identify which features are related to the absorption capacity of knowledge present in export practices in a small company located in the State of Tocantins. For it s implementation we have used two stages: the first consisted of a preparatory phase involving three micro exporters and three experts in foreign trade, the second phase consisted in the case study on a micro producer of articles derived from a grass exists only in Jalapão, a unit of environmental conservation, the City of High Point Tocantins. In the study, it was found that the absorption capacity in the process of internationalization by exporting becomes a differentiating factor when applied correctly. When the potential capacity is not exploited properly, the capacity is performed impaired, causing damage to the organization. / Nas ultimas décadas, a internacionalização tem sido adotada por micros, pequenas e médias empresas - MPE´s como alternativa comercial. Dois motivos se destacam para justificar tal operação. A primeira está relacionada ao crescimento no longo prazo e a segunda pela oportunidade de novos negócios. Entretanto, em ambas as situações é necessário conhecer o mercado internacional em profundidade em função de sua dinamicidade. Neste contexto, o esforço da empresa em gerenciar o conhecimento do mercado e as demandas internacionais é maior do que o esforço empreendido para gerenciar o conhecimento no mercado doméstico, que exige certo grau de capacidade de absorção de conhecimentos. Neste sentido, compreender a capacidade de absorção se torna uma das competências essenciais para empresas que operam em mercados desta natureza. Considerando a importância da internacionalização em empresas e a necessidade de compreender a capacidade de absorção, este estudo possui como objetivo identificar quais são as características relacionadas com a Capacidade de Absorção do Conhecimento presentes em práticas de exportação em uma microempresa localizada no Estado de Tocantins. Para a sua execução foram utilizadas duas etapas: a primeira consistiu em uma fase preparatória envolvendo três microempresas exportadoras e três peritos em comércio exterior; a segunda fase consistiu na realização do estudo de caso em uma microempresa produtora de artigos derivados de um capim existente somente no Jalapão, uma unidade de conservação ambiental, Município de Ponta Alto do Tocantins. Com o estudo, pôde-se constatar que a capacidade de absorção no processo de internacionalização, mediante a exportação, torna-se um fator de diferenciação quando aplicada de maneira correta. Quando a capacidade potencial não é explorada adequadamente, a capacidade realizada é prejudicada, acarretando prejuízos para a organização.

Esta tese analisa a relação entre o setor externo e as mudanças ocorridas na política econômica do Brasil entre a Crise de 1913 e o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial. O objetivo principal é estabelecer relações entre a crise financeira que teve início quando as Guerras Balcânicas envolveram interesses dos principais países da Europa Ocidental. O receio de que os confrontos nos Bálcãs provocassem mudanças na geopolítica da região levou o mercado financeiro europeu a entesourar recursos. Este entesouramento dificultou o acesso de recursos em ouro pelo Brasil. A economia brasileira era dependente do setor externo. A falta de divisas levou à redução nas exportações dos principais produtos que o Brasil comercializava no mercado internacional: café e borracha. A retração nas vendas internacionais dificultou o financiamento das importações, que foram reduzidas em percentual acima do verificado com nas exportações. A solução foi solicitar uma nova consolidação da dívida externa brasileira que entrou para a história como o segundo funding loan. A Crise de 1913 previa os eventos que se consolidariam como a Primeira Guerra Mundial. O Brasil foi forçado a modificar a sua política econômica. Novos mecanismos de atuação da economia brasileira no cenário internacional foram experimentados. A economia brasileira chegou ao fim de 1918 com novas perspectivas de atuação na economia internacional. / This thesis analyzes the relationship between the external sector and the changes in economic policy in Brazil between 1913 crisis and the end of World War I. The main objective is to establish links between the financial crisis that began when the Balkan Wars involved interests of the major Western European countries. The fear that the clashes in the Balkans provoked changes in the geopolitics of the region led the European financial market to hoard resources. This hoarding hindered the access of gold resources in Brazil. The Brazilian economy was dependent on the external sector. The lack of foreign exchange led to a reduction in exports of the main products that Brazil traded in the international market: coffee and rubber. The decline in international sales hampered the financing of imports, which were reduced by a percentage higher than that observed with exports. The solution was to request further consolidation of Brazil\'s foreign debt went down in history as the second funding loan. The Crisis 1913 predicted the events that would consolidate as the First World War. Brazil was forced to change its economic policy. New mechanisms of action of the Brazilian economy in the international arena have been tried. The Brazilian economy has ended 1918 with new perspectives of action in the international economy.

The first chapter describes the structure of the Indian economy, the basic macroeconomic measures, the characteristics of the individual sectors and the comparative advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter analyses the development of the world trade, the development and the structure of the foreign trade of the EU and India and the bilateral trade between the EU and India. The third chapter describes the development of the foreign trade policies of the EU and India, the tariff and non-tariff obstacles of the foreign trade. The fourth chapter describes the areas of the economic and non-economic cooperation between the EU and India, trade in services and foreign investments.

This work takes up a subject of foreign trade in the view of Czech companies and describes some important areas, which are connected with these operations. Among others the work describes forms of entrance to a foreign market, forms of transport, customs services, insurance, INTRASTAT system and customs procedures. The main subject of the work is the impact of foreign trade on accounting. The most important problem is foreign currency in connection to receivables and liabilities. Next part of the work is about value added tax in foreign trade. Closing part shows an example from common practice, on which are demonstrated all theoretical problems.

I model foreign trade among European countries by applying gravity equation model on panel data. The aim is to investigate exchange rate volatility impact on foreign trade and to test for the presence of the so-called Rose effect in relation to the Euro currency area. I develop a novel complex approach to the estimation of the gravity equation when the assumption of homogeneous reaction within the group of studied countries is relaxed. New methodology, tests and implementation is proposed. I develop several heuristic methods that permit effective clustering of countries in a selection of subgroups. The clustering process is iterative: in each step, countries are redistributed in new subgroups and the process is terminated, when no subsequent superior redistribution is possible. Finally, the effective selection of subgroups of countries is chosen to minimize an appropriately defined objective function. Results of the proposed heuristic tests suggest that no dominant method exists. Therefore, an algorithm of chaining of alternative heuristic methods is proposed. After the solution is achieved with one method, an alternative method is imposed and the search for the optimal solution continues, until the objective function reaches its minimum. The proposed methodology is applied to estimate the gravity equation of foreign trade with the extension that permits to assign countries into optimally selected subgroups using the newly introduced algorithms.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current state of the Mexican economy and its integration into the world economy. The first chapter deals with the historical development of the economy since World War II. The second chapter analyzes the economic and political relations of Mexico with a focus on foreign trade, foreign direct investment, the involvement of Mexico to the integration groups and international organizations, as well as the position of Mexico in international development assistance. The third chapter is devoted to contemporary factors that positively or negatively affect the position of Mexico on the world stage.

This paper discusses the importance of Czechoslovak foreign trade with the EEC countries for the period of normalization. In the theoretical part, the author defines the issues of foreign trade. It deals with the variety of business concepts, tools of trade policy and the overall importance of international trade for the economy. In the analytical part describes the main organizations affecting foreign trade relations of Czechoslovakia after World War II, relations between the two organizations, bipolar division of the world and the position of Czechoslovakia in world trade. In the second part, the author analyzes the overall Czechoslovak foreign trade, territorial distribution and commodity structure of exports and imports. The last part focuses on the evaluation of the importance of trade with the EEC Member States, its development and shortcomings.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce business environment in India to the Czech businessmen and to the public. The thesis shall answer the questions like what are opportunities and threats of the Indian business environment, how culture influences business negotiations with Indian counterparties and if India is the perspective country for the Czech exporters and investors.

The aim o this thesis is to determine whether there is a promising prospect of mutual economic relations between the Czech Republic and Mongolia, to analyze the Mongolian economy and to highlight potential possibilities and sectors that could represent a suitable opportunity for the Czech investors to do business in this region. The first part characterizes geographic, climatic, demographic, political and historical profile of Mongolia. The second part analyzes the Mongolian economy as a whole, its structure, foreign trade and foreign direct investments. In the third part is mapped position of Mongolia in Asia, Mongolian relations with neighboring states and foreign policy. The fourth part deals with the evaluation of economic relations between the Czech Republic and Mongolia, their history, present and prospects for the future.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of Russia, Ukraine, India and China in terms of prospects of their markets for Czech exporters. Evaluation of these states is performed using PEST and SWOT analysis, characteristics of foreign trade of individual countries, with a focus on trade and economic relations with the Czech Republic (mainly on the analysis of the contractual base, import requirements and existing trade barriers, commodity trade structure and trends in exports and imports focusing on the development of Czech exports). The paper also outlines export opportunities for Czech exporters, perspective fields for export, formulates general recommendations for Czech exporters and financing of export activities. The aim of this work is the formulation of potential recommendations for Czech exporters for the analysis of the target market.