Orientador: Plínio Soares de Arruda Sampaio Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henriques_TatianaFerreira_M.pdf: 3707431 bytes, checksum: 244a39a8027bfe6cef7e340dbc5c4ca0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar o significado do ciclo recente (2003-2013) de expansão de preços das commodities primárias para a América Latina e Caribe, no que diz respeito à inserção comercial externa, tendo em vista os marcos teóricos do (sub)desenvolvimento. Para isso, de um lado, são resgatadas algumas das principais contribuições do pensamento crítico originário latino-americano, especialmente de Raúl Prebisch e Celso Furtado; e, de outro lado, são apontados elementos concretos para qualificar o debate teórico recente acerca da centralidade dos recursos naturais ao desenvolvimento da região: a visão atual da CEPAL sintetizada no paradigma do cambio estructural frente às críticas do reforço da dependência primário-exportadora e do subdesenvolvimento. As evidências empíricas foram obtidas a partir de dados de comércio (SIGCI - CEPAL e UN Comtrade) da região com o mundo e com os seus principais parceiros: Estados Unidos, União Europeia, Mercosul, Japão e, com destaque, a China. De forma generalizada, o que se notou nas economias latino-americanas foi um reforço da especialização exportadora em torno de (algumas poucas) commodities primárias e um rápido incremento da importação de manufaturados de maior intensidade tecnológica. E, especialmente no caso do comércio com a China, uma tendência à inserção externa fortemente concentrada e assimétrica, em valor e tipos de bens. Isto é, um quadro que impõe à América Latina uma posição cada vez mais subordinada na divisão internacional do trabalho e que tende a afastá-la ainda mais dos rumos da superação do subdesenvolvimento: ao invés do caminho ao cambio estructural, um aprofundamento do processo de reversão neocolonial em marcha / Abstract: The present dissertation aims to investigate the implications of the recent primary commodities¿ price expansion cycle (2003-2013) for Latin America and the Caribbean. This study set out to understand how this cycle affected the external trade insertion of the region given the theoretical framework of (under)development. In order to reach the results, in one hand, some of the main contributions to the critical debate in Latin America are recovered, especially Raúl Prebisch and Celso Furtado. In the other hand, concrete evidences are provided to support the theoretical debate on the centrality of natural resources for the regional development: ECLAC¿s current view synthetized within the "structural change" paradigm in contrast to criticism against the strengthening of the primary-export dependence and underdevelopment. Empirical evidences were obtained through foreign trade data analysis (SIGCI - ECLAC and UN Comtrade) of the region with its most important trade partners: United States of America, European Union, Mercosur, Japan and most notably China. The findings suggest that overall Latin-American economies enhanced their export specialization around (few) primary commodities in face to a rapid increase in the import levels of higher technology-intensive manufactured goods. Furthermore, especially regarding trade with China, there is a clear tendency to a highly concentrated and asymmetric external insertion in value and sorts of goods. This setting imposes an increasingly subordinated position to Latin America in the context of the international division of labor, and tends to push the region further away from overcoming its underdevelopment. Instead of directing towards the "structural change" there is a deepening of the neo colonial reversion under way / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestra em Ciências Econômicas

Thesis (M.A. (International Politics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The foreign policy of the Republic of China (PRC) has been a considerable subject for debate in the past two decades. This is because China has turned its attention towards Africa, seen with the establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in the early 2000s. Another reason for this debate is found in the fact that after FOCAC’s initiation, China has managed to become the largest trade partner of the African continent and the second biggest economy in the past two decades. Generally, China-Africa relations are largely a by-product of economic and political orientations. In the context of the above, this study uses a case study design to critique the foreign policy of China towards Africa. This case study design uses Zambia as a test case to critique the post-2010 Chinese foreign policy towards Africa. This is done by constructing and analysing China’s Africa policy and subsequently, locating China’s International relations with Zambia. To a great extent, this study imparts historical sensibility as it locates China’s international relations with Zambia from as far as during the colonial period. The consideration of historicity in this study draws fundamentally from the fact that the past always provides a resonate basis for comprehending the present and the future. In this study, the researcher advocate for the utility of Afrocentricity as a substitute theoretical framework important in apprehending China’s foreign policy towards Africa. The adoption and utility of this paradigm in this study are informed highly by its ability in spotlighting and highlighting the Asian tiger (China)’s international relations with Zambia. It is believed in this study that a profound comprehension of China’s Zambia policy can be realised when such interpretations and analysis are deeply found in the continental context of the African continent. Equally important are the objectives of this study which were realised, methodologically, through the use of document review. In consideration of the case study of Zambia, It is important to highlight that China ground-roots its engagement with Zambia on several factors of which the leading are: investment, international legitimacy and market drive. To add, Zambia’s stable political and economic environments continue to play a key role in the two countries' interrelations. This is so, even though some of the Chinese companies operating in Zambia are still unfamiliar with the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Overall, the concept of CSR should be in the leading front when it comes to the operations of Chinese companies in Zambia’s economic stakeholders.

The master thesis focuses on project management of opening foreign subsidiary in the United Kingdom of a growing business company. Specifies in which way the company should learn how to manage projects of this type in order to avoid mistakes which were done in the previous projects.

There is a pattern of growth throughout agribusiness in North Dakota in which agricultural products ranging from commodities to machinery have all seen growth since 2000. Exports have contributed to most of this production increase. Agribusinesses across North Dakota are exporting to many areas of the world. With the help of the North Dakota Trade Organization (NDTO) many companies have developed trading relationships with clients in other nations. The purpose of this research is to measure the value of NDTO export promotion on North Dakota agribusiness [through the use of marketing, export programs, and counseling]. If the data supports the use of the NDTO, firms may be encouraged to use the services provided by the NDTO when export issues arise. This thesis uses a Tobit left censored model to bring the data together to produce empirical results which can be associated with the NDTO and its impact on a firm's total exports. Firm-level export promotion was found to be insignificant. However, small and medium firms were shown to benefit from the use of the NDTO through an average increase in 2008 export revenue of about $16,095 and $269,317, respectively. Furthermore, this is a $6.44 and a $107.73 return on dollar investment for small and medium firms investing in the services of the NDTO, respectively.

This thesis deals with strategy of company development for a company Pharma Future Ltd. Specifically, the extensit of the foreign market. Thesis analyses internal and external aspects company and its environs. Objective is find out position on market and resulting source of competitive advantage. Improvement of current positron in the market is achieved by imlementation suggested strategy.

World regions are becoming more connected by every day and as a consequence of that dependence rises among states. The states become specialised in production of certain type of the product, services etc. Subsequently they turn to be even more dependent. One does not need to go further back then real-estate crisis in USA that spilled over worldwide. The world is turn out to be "smaller place". America and Europe are exploiting raw material less and less and become dependant on the import of those from around the world. Former exploitation and production became ballast to the environment [environment burdens]. One day factories and mines were closed or reorganised to different production activity and doing so reduced burden to the environment. The consumption of the product remained or was increased even more. In other words, some one else is producing that product. The production shifted among states moving the environment burdens with it. The aim of this document is to provide an overview of impacts relevant to the use of metals zinc, aluminium, nickel, iron and tin; quantification of physical import and export and calculation of international trade balance of before mentioned metals and analysis of six ores. Those aims are supposed to assist us on answering questions to which extent Czech...

By using critical discourse analysis, the purpose of this thesis has been to reveal the hidden power relation behind the discourse on foreign trade policies in the context of the trade war and to examine if grand strategies can be identified in the discourses. The thesis has thus focused on what discourses the national leaders of the United States and China have created and how different words and concepts have been used to form a national strategy on foreign trade policies in the context of the trade war. This thesis has also examined if theories of primacy and neo-neo-isolationism can be found in the discourses produced by the national leaders of China and the United States. The conducted discourse analysis suggests national leaders of China and the United States create discourses to gain an advantage. Where words and concepts were used to strengthen their own position while weakening the other, theories of primacy and neo-neo-isolationism could not be found in the discourses. However, it can be suggested that some parts of the strategies where found.

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At the request of the United States Government, effective as of April 1, 1981, the Japanese began voluntarily restraining exports of automobiles to the United States to provide the U.S. automobiles industry with a period of time to make the necessary adjustment to become more competitive with imports. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the impact of the VER, particularly the costs to consumers and the benefits to U.S. producers, quota rents captured by the Japanese producer during 1981-84 will also be examined. Between 1981 and 1984 the Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement cost the U.S. economy $8.4 billion. In terms of increases in the cost of purchasing a car, the estimate ranges between $95 in 1981 to as high as $241 in 1984. E During the four years of the VER, the consumer costs : amounted to $8.9 billion. Meanwhile, the U.S. producers of automobile benefited only $403 million as a result of the VER. If this benefit is translated to the number of jobs saved, it amounts to 29,000 jobs. Therefore, the consumer cost of creating each new job was $334,000. As for the impact of VER on the Japanese producers, the result shows that the price effects of the VER has increased over the four years as the restrictive effect of the VER has intensified. During 1981, the VER added $733 to the price of each Japanese automobile, but by 1984, it was adding about $2,000. / Master of Arts