Submitted by Álan Teixeira de Oliveira (alan.forensic@gmail.com) on 2012-11-02T20:20:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-11-05T16:05:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-11-06T12:46:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-06T12:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL (Álan - 010952002).pdf: 1558396 bytes, checksum: 1650de89b0f3b857855655548d62263b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / No decorrer dos últimos anos vêm ocorrendo uma demanda crescente da utilização de serviços periciais nos mais diversos campos. No campo contábil, especificamente no contexto dos crimes previdenciários, a gama de serviços periciais contábeis prestados às lides forenses aumenta a cada dia que passa. Este estudo trata da perícia contábil como meio de prova para materialização do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária. O desenvolvimento do tema foi efetuado a partir da pesquisa efetuada por Oliveira (2012), que comprovou a relação existente entre tipo penal e a prova pericial contábil, bem como de interpretações da legislação pertinente, no caso, a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, Código Penal, Código do Processo Penal e Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade aplicáveis à perícia. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo a proposição de metodologia para realização de exames periciais que visam a comprovação do cometimento do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada num total de 79 laudos contábeis emitidos pela criminalística da Polícia Federal no período de junho de 2006 a junho de 2011, envolvendo os exames periciais sobre o crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária, para verificar a natureza das provas utilizadas nestes exames, e, por conseguinte, reunir o conjunto probatório utilizado. Como resultado da pesquisa realizada, foi apresentada uma metodologia para realização de exames periciais contendo o conjunto probatório considerado essencial para a materialização do crime de apropriação indébita previdenciária. / Over the last few years have been experiencing a growing demand the use of expert services in various fields. In the accounting field, specifically in the context of social security crimes, the range of forensic accounting services provided to forensic labors increases with each passing day. This study deals with accounting expertise as evidence for materialization the crime of social security misappropriation. The development of the theme was made based on the research conducted by Oliveira (2012), who proved the link between a distinct criminal offense and its set of specific and distinguished forensic accounting exams, as well as from interpretations of the relevant legislation in the case, the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and Brazilian Accounting Standards applied to forensic accounting. Thus, the purpose of this study aimed to propose a methodology for conducting forensic accounting exams aimed at materializing the crime of social security misappropriation. An empirical research was conducted using 79 forensic accounting reports involving Social Security Misappropriation Crime, which were issued by the Brazilian Federal Police Accounting Experts from June 2006 to June 2011, in order to determine the nature of the evidence used in these reports, and therefore the set of probing forensic accounting exams. As a result of the survey it was presented methodology for conducting forensic accounting exams including a total set of evidence considered essential for the materialization of the social security misappropriation crime.

The research was conducted as a result of the researcher‟s concern that the possibility exists that members of the different law enforcement agencies in South Africa might have a misconception about the mandate and functions of the Financial Intelligence Centre. If such a misconception in fact exists, it poses a huge challenge towards fruitful co-operation among the Centre and the different law enforcement agencies. The researcher identified certain practical problems, namely, that investigators are not aware of the types of intelligence that the Centre could provide them with, and that investigators might not be informed about the specific procedures to follow when they need to request intelligence from the Centre. The research has shown that, in the past, the Centre has been a useful source of crime intelligence concerning a range of predicate offences including narcotics, fraud and tax related crimes. The research has further found that, although the majority of participants gained a lot of experience in law enforcement and investigations, they had limited awareness about the Financial Intelligence Centre and its functions. This research project studied the utilisation of the Financial Intelligence Centre as a crime intelligence source. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Text in English / The research attempts to establish the significance of bank records analysis as a technique in tracing fraud suspects. The purposes of conducting this research was to establish the current approach by the investigators of the SAPS in respect of bank records analysis in tracing fraud suspects; to explore and report on the findings of national and international literature in an attempt to find new information thereby improving the current method of bank records analysis and its specific use in tracing fraud suspects; and to make new information, in the form of written articles and this dissertation, available to the SAPS to be considered for inclusion in the training curriculum for their investigators. In collecting data, the researcher used literature study, interviews with individual participants and case dockets analysis. Essentially, the recommendations were drawn from the conclusions of the data obtained. These recommendations may offer solutions to the problem identified. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Text in English / The research attempts to establish the significance of bank records analysis as a technique in tracing fraud suspects. The purposes of conducting this research was to establish the current approach by the investigators of the SAPS in respect of bank records analysis in tracing fraud suspects; to explore and report on the findings of national and international literature in an attempt to find new information thereby improving the current method of bank records analysis and its specific use in tracing fraud suspects; and to make new information, in the form of written articles and this dissertation, available to the SAPS to be considered for inclusion in the training curriculum for their investigators. In collecting data, the researcher used literature study, interviews with individual participants and case dockets analysis. Essentially, the recommendations were drawn from the conclusions of the data obtained. These recommendations may offer solutions to the problem identified. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The aim of this paper is to research how advanced accounting software can be used by police detectives, financial risk specialists and forensic investigation specialists, who are responsible for the investigation and tracing of the reintegration of proceeds of crime, from underground banking into formal banking system (pro active and reactive money laundering investigation) with a view on criminal prosecution. The research started of by looking at the basic ways how proceeds of crime are smuggled before it is integrated into the formal banking system. In that context, the phenomenon of Underground banking was researched. Currency smuggling, Hawala currency transfer schemes and the way in which it is used to move proceeds of crime were discussed in detail. Thereafter Formal banking and the way in which proceeds of crime is reintegrated from underground banking structures into formal banking systems were discussed. The use of advanced accounting software to trace the point where proceeds of crime are reintegrated into formal banking were researched extensively. Accounting software and investigative techniques on how to trace financial transactions which might be tainted with proceeds of crime were discussed. Accounting software which can be used on office computers such as laptops were discussed and more advanced automated systems which can be used to trace proceeds of crime transactions in the formal banking systems were also discussed. In specific, the investigative techniques on how to use these systems as investigative tools were discussed in great detail. This research paper gives a truly unique perspective on the financial investigative and analytical angle on proceeds of crime and money laundering detection. / Criminal Justice / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

It is a well-known fact that criminals derive an income from their illegal activities, live lavish lifestyles, flaunt their wealth for all to see and acquire luxury goods. It is also a well known fact that criminals living from the proceeds of crime do not want to not want to keep financial records of their transactions or illegitimate business for fear of being detected by the authorities and to escape being taxed. It is also a known fact that criminals do not declare income from criminal activities for income tax purposes to the revenue authorities for fear of the illegal origin of the income being made known to the investigating authorities and law enforcement. During the investigation of financial crimes, such as tax evasion and money laundering, it may be required that the amount or value of money, income or assets accrued by a subject is determined in order to determine for instance their liability to pay tax. This research project examines the Net Worth method as an indirect method to circumstantially quantify income during the investigation of financial crime. / Police Practice / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The medical scheme industry in South Africa is competitive in relation to international standards. The medical scheme sector, as part of the healthcare industry, is negatively affected by the high rate of fraud perpetrated by providers, members and syndicates, which results in medical schemes funding fraudulent claims. The purpose of the study was to explore strategies to mitigate fraud in medical scheme claims. A qualitative research methodology was followed in this study, which adopted a case study approach. Empirical data was analysed through thematic analysis, with the aid of ATLAS.ti software. The study found that healthcare service providers mainly defraud medical schemes by submitting false claims. A holistic approach should be followed to mitigate fraud in medical scheme claims. This approach should encompass regularly identifying trends in fraudulent claims and implementing appropriate control strategies. Collaboration within the medical scheme industry and with other stakeholders would also help to elevate the fight against medical scheme fraud to a new level. Implementing the recommendations from the study will assist medical schemes to reduce the funds expended on fraudulent claims, thereby improving their financial viability and decreasing the rate of increase in medical scheme contributions for members. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

The aim of this paper is to research how advanced accounting software can be used by police detectives, financial risk specialists and forensic investigation specialists, who are responsible for the investigation and tracing of the reintegration of proceeds of crime, from underground banking into formal banking system (pro active and reactive money laundering investigation) with a view on criminal prosecution. The research started of by looking at the basic ways how proceeds of crime are smuggled before it is integrated into the formal banking system. In that context, the phenomenon of Underground banking was researched. Currency smuggling, Hawala currency transfer schemes and the way in which it is used to move proceeds of crime were discussed in detail. Thereafter Formal banking and the way in which proceeds of crime is reintegrated from underground banking structures into formal banking systems were discussed. The use of advanced accounting software to trace the point where proceeds of crime are reintegrated into formal banking were researched extensively. Accounting software and investigative techniques on how to trace financial transactions which might be tainted with proceeds of crime were discussed. Accounting software which can be used on office computers such as laptops were discussed and more advanced automated systems which can be used to trace proceeds of crime transactions in the formal banking systems were also discussed. In specific, the investigative techniques on how to use these systems as investigative tools were discussed in great detail. This research paper gives a truly unique perspective on the financial investigative and analytical angle on proceeds of crime and money laundering detection. / Criminal Justice / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

It is a well-known fact that criminals derive an income from their illegal activities, live lavish lifestyles, flaunt their wealth for all to see and acquire luxury goods. It is also a well known fact that criminals living from the proceeds of crime do not want to not want to keep financial records of their transactions or illegitimate business for fear of being detected by the authorities and to escape being taxed. It is also a known fact that criminals do not declare income from criminal activities for income tax purposes to the revenue authorities for fear of the illegal origin of the income being made known to the investigating authorities and law enforcement. During the investigation of financial crimes, such as tax evasion and money laundering, it may be required that the amount or value of money, income or assets accrued by a subject is determined in order to determine for instance their liability to pay tax. This research project examines the Net Worth method as an indirect method to circumstantially quantify income during the investigation of financial crime. / Police Practice / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)