This thesis undertakes a close study of a single manuscript of the early 1320s, written at the priory of Fineshade, Northamptonshire. The manuscript contains a short chronicle and several documents related to the failed baronial rebellion of 1321-22. I argue that, in collaboration with the priory’s patrons, the Engayne family, the chronicler responds to the current situation with an attempt to create meaning from a time of crisis. In the process, he attempts to shape his material through patterns of style and thought inherited from both chronicle and hagiographical traditions, to make the present conform to the known and understood shape of the past. His success is limited by his inability to establish sufficient distance from traumatic events, a difficulty that many chroniclers seemed to encounter when they attempted to turn current events into meaningful historical narrative.

During the fourteenth century, with the rise of Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan (1292-1361), the gzhan stong philosophical tradition became a source of great controversy in Tibet. Dol po pa taught this new philosophical tradition for the first time to the wider Tibetan intellectual community. As Dol po pa's Jo nang teachings attracted an audience, many other philosophical giants of the day, such as Bu ston Rin chen grub (1290-1364), Red mda' ba Gzhon nu blo gros (1349-1412/13), and their students composed polemical works to refute Jo nang tradition. Lamp that Illuminates the Expanse of Reality was composed in the midst of this controversy to defend the Jo nang point of view. In it, its author, Gha rung pa Lha'i rgyal mtshan (1319-1402/03), attempts to prove that the Jo nang philosophical tradition is the definitive teaching and the quickest path to achieve the Buddhahood.

Le bailli d’Amiens, sous Philippe VI (1328-1350), intervenait fréquemment dans les principautés du Nord de la France que sont les comtés d’Artois, de Ponthieu et de Flandre. L’étendue de son ressort, ainsi que son emplacement stratégique, en firent une sentinelle du gouvernement central et un ardent défenseur des droits du roi. Agissant parfois avec trop de zèle, entrant ce faisant en conflit avec les juridictions urbaines, d’Église et seigneuriales, cet officier royal constituait un lien important entre les justiciables de sa circonscription et l’autorité royale des actes et lettres de laquelle il devait veiller à la transmission et l’exécution. De son côté, la cour du roi sembla approuver le travail du bailli, n’intervenant que rarement en réaction aux excès commis par ce dernier et confirmant l’essentiel des sentences du bailli jugées en appel. / The bailiff of Amiens, under Philip VI (1328-1350), frequently intervened in the principalities of northern France that are the counties of Artois, Ponthieu and Flanders. The extent of its jurisdiction, and its strategic location made him a sentinel of the central government and a staunch advocate of the king’s rights. Sometimes acting too zealously, thereby entering into conflict with urban jurisdictions, and stately church, this royal officer was an important link between citizens of his district and the royal authority of the acts and letters which he had to ensure transmission and execution. For its part, the king's court seemed to endorse the work of the bailiff, intervening only rarely in response to the excesses committed by the latter and confirming the main awards of the Bailiff considered on appeal. / Carte du bailliage en fichier complémentaire.

This thesis undertakes a close study of a single manuscript of the early 1320s, written at the priory of Fineshade, Northamptonshire. The manuscript contains a short chronicle and several documents related to the failed baronial rebellion of 1321-22. I argue that, in collaboration with the priory’s patrons, the Engayne family, the chronicler responds to the current situation with an attempt to create meaning from a time of crisis. In the process, he attempts to shape his material through patterns of style and thought inherited from both chronicle and hagiographical traditions, to make the present conform to the known and understood shape of the past. His success is limited by his inability to establish sufficient distance from traumatic events, a difficulty that many chroniclers seemed to encounter when they attempted to turn current events into meaningful historical narrative.

This thesis Sermons of Jindřich from Vildštejn in Litomyšl deals with the preaching work of the cleric Jindřich of Vildštejn, which is preserved in the manuscript of the Bavarian State Library in Munich (BSB, Clm 14256). In order to describe and evaluate this handwritten collection, the author chooses only a small probe (three of the total of thirteen preachers), in which in various ways he shows the form, context and socio-communicative purpose of the late medieval sermon. These three sermons were held in Litomyšl (1376 and 1378). Two of them are Eucharistic sermons and one is funeral speech on the occasion of the funeral of Charles IV. At the beginning of the whole work, the reader is introduced with the life of the historical personality of Jindřich of Vildštejn who was a member of the Minority Order and who held several episcopal offices throughout his life. In the second part, the author presents a description and classification of selected preaching texts. The third part of the thesis is an interpretative study in which the author tries to elucidate the contemporary communication significance of one important phenomenon of medieval preaching manuscripts such as the abundant use of quotes from the Bible and the authorities. At the very end of the work, the critical edition of three sermons...

Le projet historique de Jean Froissart s’inscrit dans un discours particulier sur les genres historiques, sur les rapports entre la forme et la vérité que le récit des faits est censé véhiculer, sur la manière de construire l’autorité de l’histoire racontée. C’est au croisement entre ce contexte et l’individualité de l’auteur que nous avons voulu sonder les perspectives du chroniqueur sur l’écriture historique. Préoccupé dès le début par les questions de l’impartialité et de la crédibilité de son propos, Froissart met en place un système référentiel de plus en plus complexe qui a pour but d’authentifier son récit des grands événements qui secouaient les royaumes occidentaux depuis presqu’un siècle. La réalité historique que Jean Froissart recrée dans ses Chroniques est dépendante des facteurs personnels qui conditionnaient son appréhension du monde, des manières dont il s’identifiait dans la société de son temps. Elle est recréée avec un grand talent de raconter, mais aussi – ce que l’on a trop souvent méconnu – avec un souci de plus en plus accru de découvrir et d’exposer les réseaux de causes qui sont à l’œuvre dans le cours des événements. Cependant, les moyens littéraires auxquels Froissart faisait appel et qui sont associés notamment à l’art du conteur qu’il était, participent eux à l’authenticité de l’histoire qu´il raconte. Car si le chroniqueur se veut celui qui éternise les faits dignes de mémoire, il se refuse en même temps à écrire une autre histoire que véridique. Et cette préoccupation première de son écriture ne doit pas être obscurcie par le fait que son approche ne corresponde pas à nos critères contemporains de l’écriture de l’histoire. / Jean Froissart´s historical project falls within a specific discourse on historical genres, on relationships between form and truth which an account of deeds is expected to convey, on the manner in which the authority of a story being told is constructed. It is on the very intersection of this context and the individuality of the author that I based my search for the chronicler’s perspectives on the writing of history. Froissart was from the outset concerned with the issues of impartiality and credibility of his account and created a system of references, which grew more and more complex, designed to authenticate his version of important events which had been shaking the West for almost a century. The historical reality which Jean Froissart recreates in his Chronicles is dependent on personal factors which determined his understanding of the world as well as his self-identification within the society of his time. It is undeniably recreated with great storytelling talent, but also – and this has often been overlooked – with growing desire to discover and expose the relations of causes which were at work in the course of the events. Nonetheless, Froissart’s literary means, which are often associated with his artistry as a storyteller, do contribute, for their part, to the authenticity of the story. For if the chronicler presents himself as the one who eternalizes deeds worthy of remembrance, he refuses at the same time to write any other history than the true and truthful one. This primary concern of his should not be obscured by the fact that his approach and methods do not correspond to our contemporary criteria of historical writing.

This thesis undertakes a close study of a single manuscript of the early 1320s, written at the priory of Fineshade, Northamptonshire. The manuscript contains a short chronicle and several documents related to the failed baronial rebellion of 1321-22. I argue that, in collaboration with the priory’s patrons, the Engayne family, the chronicler responds to the current situation with an attempt to create meaning from a time of crisis. In the process, he attempts to shape his material through patterns of style and thought inherited from both chronicle and hagiographical traditions, to make the present conform to the known and understood shape of the past. His success is limited by his inability to establish sufficient distance from traumatic events, a difficulty that many chroniclers seemed to encounter when they attempted to turn current events into meaningful historical narrative.

This thesis examines images of women shopping in the art of Kenneth Hayes Miller and Reginald Marsh during the 1920s and 1930s. New York City's Fourteenth Street served Kenneth Hayes Miller and Reginald Marsh, respectively, as a location generating the inspiration to study and visually represent its contemporaneity. Of particular interest to this thesis are relationships between developments in shopping and the images of women shopping in and around Fourteenth Street that populate the paintings of Miller and Marsh. Although, as Ellen Todd Wiley has shown, the emerging notion of the New Woman helped to shape female identity at this time, what remains unstudied are dimensions that geographically specific, historical developments in shopping contributed to the construction of female identity which, this thesis argues, Marsh and Miller related to, by locating in, the department store and bargain store.

The Construction of Historical Reality in Jean Froissart's Chronicles Jean Froissart, one of the most famous chroniclers of the Middle Ages, is generally recognized for the literary qualities of his work, less so for the credibility of his account. In my research I have endeavoured to follow those scholars whose aim has been to rehabilitate the author by studying him not on the basis of principles which govern our contemporary understanding of history as an academic discipline, but rather on the basis of conceptual movements which conditioned historical writing in the 14th century, taking into account the traditions upon which medieval conception of history was built. Put differently, this work seeks to examine closely the "historical forge" of Jean Froissart. Clearly, Froissart's historical project falls within a specific discourse on historical genres, on relationships between form and truth which an account of deeds is expected to convey, on the manner in which the authority of a story being told is constructed. It is on the very intersection of this context, on the one hand, and the individuality of the author, on the other, that I based my search for the chronicler's perspectives on the writing of history. Froissart was from the outset concerned with the issues of impartiality and credibility...

This thesis entitled The Issue of Race in the Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States: The Evolving Interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause analyses the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, in particular the following decisions: Plessy v. Ferguson, Sweatt v. Painter, Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Grutter v. Bollinger, Gratz v. Bollinger, Fisher v. University of Texas and Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action. The analysis of the above- mentioned decisions illustrates the evolution of the philosophical background of the Supreme Court. After the Second World War, the natural-law legal philosophy began influencing the Justices and slightly overshadowed the positive-law current that was predominant in the pre- War era, in particular in the 19th century. This new philosophical background of the High Court help to constitutionally entrench the affirmative action policies by Justice Powell's opinion in Bakke and particularly by Grutter. However, the natural-law current has never become as dominant as the positive-law one in the 19th century, and as shown in Grutter's companion case of Gratz...