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No description available.

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La caractéristique la plus évidente de l’interface terrestre est son hétérogénéité. Phénoménologiquement, celle-ci, anthropique ou naturelle, transparaît de limites qui définissent les formes déployées dans l’espace géographique. Ces limites sont certes dues à une dynamique temporelle, tout autant que à une dynamique scalaire. Celle-ci se manifeste dans les rapports possibles et changeant existant entre échelles dans la mesure où tout échelle ne peut se concevoir que comme relative à une autre servant de référence. Ceci conduit à la relativité d’échelle (R.E.) qui devrait permettre de définir intrinsèquement l’espace géographique. Le premier objectif est de montrer la possibilité d’utiliser la R.E. en géographie. Au coeur de la R.E., on trouve la géométrie fractale qui reste indispensable pour essayer de comprendre l’organisation scalaire du monde. Jusqu’à présent les fractales n’étaient utilisées que comme un outil de description plus ou moins pertinent. En R.E., les formes fractales deviennent une conséquence d’un espace formel intrinsèquement irrégulier. La fractalité peut donc être une voie de compréhension du monde utilisant l’espace de ses échelles, c’est-à-dire de ses résolutions. L’objectif central de cette étude est donc de construire une méthodologie fractale générale nécessaire à l’étude d’une morphologie quelconque à travers divers exemples issus de la géographie physique, de la géographie urbaine, de la géohistoire et de la géographie du peuplement. L’objectif final est d’aboutir à des solutions formelles accessibles à une large communauté de géographes, ce qui n’est pas le cas de la théorie de la R.E. dans son formalisme actuel. D’un point de vue épistémologique, le développement en géographie de la R.E. pose la question de la renaturalisation de cette discipline des Sciences humaines et sociales et de sa constitution en science analytique, donc plus largement de proposer une nouvelle définition de la géographie / The most obvious characteristic of the terrestrial interface is its heterogeneity. Phenomenologically, this one, human or natural, show limits that define the forms deployed in geographic space. These limits are certainly due to temporal dynamic, all as much as a scale dynamic. This one is manifested in the possible relationships and variables that exist between scales inasmuch as every scale can no conceive than relative to another that is used as reference. This leads to the scale relativity (SR) which should allow to define intrinsically the geographical space. The first objective is to show the possibility of using SR in geography. At the heart of the SR, we found that fractal geometry is indispensable to try to understand the organization in the scales of the world. So far fractals no were used than as a tool of describing more or less relevant. In SR, the fractal forms become a consequence of a formal space intrinsically irregular. The fractality can be thus a way of understanding of the world using the space of scales, that is to say its resolutions. The central objective of this study is thus to build a general fractal methodology necessary under investigation of an unspecified morphology through various examples resulting from the physical geography, the urban geography, the geohistory and the geography of the settlement. The final objective is to lead to solutions formal accessible at a broad community from geographers, which is not the case of the theory of the R.E in its current formalism. From an epistemological point of view, the development in geography of the R.E raises the question of the Re-naturalization of this discipline of the human and social sciences and of the constitution in analytical science, therefore more largely to propose a new definition of the geography

Seed-Turbulence-Iteration explores the aesthetic application of chaos and fractal geometry onto the musical parameters of a work constructed for chamber orchestra. Verhulst's Logistic Map and Devaney's Gingerbreadman Map are the dynamic systems from which melodic contour and temporal duration are derived. These algorithms are used to produce heterophonic and polyphonic results that iterate for a set duration before restarting. Each new beginning involves a change in density (of individual lines, as well as points of articulation in time), orchestration, register, and the pitch reservoir. All pitches are derived from a quantized spectrum that interpolates from a state of harmonicity to inharmonicity across a series of changing fundamentals. Each stage of interpolation coincides with the reseting of algorithmic iterations. Self-similarity and self-affinity are represented vertically, in the family resemblances of the lines produced within each algorithm that occur inside of a given segment, as well as horizontally, in the reiterations that occur over time. Each algorithmic reiteration and each copy within a set of iterations has varied starting or “seed” conditions that produce differentiated results of greater or lesser degrees which are presented in non-linear, strategic arrangement. Turbulence is implemented in the form of probabilistic distortions inserted into algorithmic processes that are meant to vary to some degree the amount of unpredictability of an output parameter (pitch or duration) as well as in intuitive manipulations of algorithmically generated material.

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This work aims to demonstrate the design and simulation of a Radio Frequency (RF) energy-harvesting circuit, from receiving antenna to the point of charge collection. The circuit employs a custom-designed antenna based around Koch fractal loops, selected for their small physical size, good multiband behaviour and ease of size scalability, as well as a power-efficient seven-element Greinacher rectification section designed to charge a super-capacitor or rechargeable battery for later use. Multiple frequency bands are tapped for energy and this aspect of the implementation was one on the main focus points. The bands targeted for harvesting in this thesis will be those that are the most readily available to the general Canadian population. These include Wi-Fi hotspots (and other 2.4GHz sources), as well as cellular (850MHz band), Personal Communications Services (1900MHz band) and WiMax (2.3GHz) network transmitters.

The developing of multimedia to make the video data to increase very quickly.So how to acquire the data that we want in a short time is a more important topic. Shot change detection is the first step for latter operation like classification and annotations. There are two type of shot change, one is abrupt shot change and the other one is gradual transition. Dissolve is the one of gradual transition that often seen but hard to detection, so in the paper would to propose a robust method to solve this problem. In this paper we use fractal orthonormal basis for our feature to compare frames in the video to the first frame of video, and use the quantification between those frames to draw a graph. By analyzing the graph and the characteristic of dissolve in the graph we can locate the approximately the start frame and the end frame of the dissolve. But by the action of video camera or motion of object in frame we may obtained the inaccurate start frame or end frame of the dissolve. So we need to refine the more accurate start and end frame of the dissolve, and we will explain about this in Chapter 3-4

In this paper, we present a structural video for video retrieval with fractal orthogonal bases composed of the five steps: video summarization (extract key-frames from video), normalized group cuts (classify key-frames), temporal graph (according to key-frames time in video), transformation of a directed graph into string (the process of transformation is one-to-one mapping), and comparison of string similarity (contain of sting architecture and content), to establish the framework of the video contents. With the above-mentioned information, the structure of the video and its complementary knowledge can be built up according to main line and branch line. Therefore, users can not only browse the video efficiently but also focus on the structure what they are interest. In order to construct the fundamental system, we employ distortion metric that extract key-frames from video and classify key-frames according to normalized group cuts that shot are linked together based on their content. After constructing the relation graph, the graph is transformed into string that has enriched structure. The result clusters form a directed graph and a shortest path algorithm is proposed to find main structure of video. In string similarity, it divides into string architecture and content. In string architecture, we adopt edit distance in main structure and recursive branch line. After comparison of string similarity in architecture, it gets the high similarity string comparing with fractal orthogonal bases that guarantee the similar index has the similar image the characteristic union support vector clustering. The results demonstrate that our system can achieve better performance and information coverage.