This research was stimulated by an indication that members of the Africa Gospel Church do not utilise professional health care services optimally, probably due to religious reasons. This may also be the result of registered nurses’ inability to render culture congruent care. To render culture congruent care, nurses require knowledge of the belief system and the health seeking behaviours of the church members. The qualitative research investigated the religious beliefs and health seeking behaviours of members of the Africa Gospel Church in Francistown, Botswana. An exploratory ethnonursing research method was applied. Semi-structured interviews were held with two purposively selected samples. Qualitative data analysis was done using computer software to reduce data and interpret the research results. The study indicated that members utilise the Church structure for health care purposes and seek health care mainly from priests and prophets. / Advanced Nursing Sciences / M.A. (Nursing Science)

African copper PLC’s flagship is the copper producing Mowana mine located 129 km from Francistown in the North-Eastern part of the Republic of Botswana. The processing operation at Mowana is a standard flotation plant designed to produce copper concentrates from oxide, supergene, and sulphide ores. The expected average output of 16.2 tons per hour of copper concentrates has never been attained since plant commissioning. The major bottleneck has been established to be located around the crushing circuit of the Mowana production chain. The major hypotheses of this research are that performance in a crushing plant is adversely influenced by moderate and discrete changes in the process. The ultimate objective is to develop a dynamic process simulator, administered in Simulink/MATLAB® background, for application in the design of a control model utilising two crusher variables and a self-tuning control algorithm. In this research work, a process model describing the dynamic operation of an Osborn 57S gyrasphere cone crusher is investigated. Modelling of the Mowana crushing circuit is carried out by combining the steady-state and dynamic components of the crushing equipment in the Simulink/Matlab® environment. Eccentric speed (ES) and closed-side setting (CSS) are amongst the important inputs to the models. The rest of the inputs (crusher power, crusher cavity level, federate, pulley diameters, liner wear measurement, number of teeth of the pinion and bevel gear) are extracted from the data collected across the Mowana mine crushing circuit. While it has been demonstrated that the crusher CSS is the most influential controllable parameter, it has also been demonstrated that crusher capacity and power can be used effectively to optimise the circuit. The use of crushing power and cavity level control is suitable for the crushing circuit since the crushers are running on a constant ES and the CSS is set and reset manually. The outcome of the study presents an insight into the optimization of the Mowana mine crushing circuit through the design of a self-tuning controller for the cone crusher and for prototyping, parameters of a PID controller were determined in the Simulink/MATLAB® environment. The simulation involved the optimisation of the control model as a function of the cavity level of and the power drawn by the cone crusher. A self-tuning control algorithm at PLC and SCADA level of control was then tested. This formed the simulations and training platform. The outcome of the simulations carried out in this research needs to be validated against the real Mowana crushing process control upgrade. This will then inform the modifications and recommended crusher motor resizing exercise to be implemented. / Electrical and Mining Engineering / M. Tech. (Engineering: Electrical)

This research was stimulated by an indication that members of the Africa Gospel Church do not utilise professional health care services optimally, probably due to religious reasons. This may also be the result of registered nurses’ inability to render culture congruent care. To render culture congruent care, nurses require knowledge of the belief system and the health seeking behaviours of the church members. The qualitative research investigated the religious beliefs and health seeking behaviours of members of the Africa Gospel Church in Francistown, Botswana. An exploratory ethnonursing research method was applied. Semi-structured interviews were held with two purposively selected samples. Qualitative data analysis was done using computer software to reduce data and interpret the research results. The study indicated that members utilise the Church structure for health care purposes and seek health care mainly from priests and prophets. / Advanced Nursing Sciences / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Background: The purpose of the study was to find out if hand hygiene was being done according to World Health Organization hand hygiene Guideline. It was hoped that the study would benefit all health care workers through making recommendations aimed at improving hand hygiene compliance. Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers in Nyangabgwe Hospital, Francistown, Botswana Methods: Quantitative, Cross-sectional study, using a self-administered Questionnaire to collect data on 280 participants. The questionnaire consisted of three (3) sections: socio-demographic profile; attitudes of HCWs and practice of healthcare on hand hygiene. For attitude questions Three (3) point Likert scale was used. The sampled Healthcare workers were stratified. The results were analysed using SPSS version 24.0. The descriptive statistical method was used to analyse frequencies, correlations and means. The chi-squared was used to analyse cross tabulation between variables and association with significance level at (p < = 0.05). Results: The results shows that 260 participants aged between 20- 60years responded to the questionnaire. The majority of participants had good knowledge of hand hygiene and younger participants practiced hand hygiene more than older ones (p<.05). Barriers to hand hygiene were significant and included lack of time, negative attitude, but not lack of knowledge. Conclusion: The study highlighted the practices of hand hygiene among health care workers and the status of hand hygiene resources in the hospital which have a negative impact on hand hygiene practices demonstrated that compliance with hand hygiene compliance among health care workers remains unacceptably low, despite xiv the irrefutable scientific evidence that hands are the most common vehicle for transmission of pathogens Keywords: Hand hygiene, Health care workers, Hand hygiene practices, Health care associated infection, Resources.

As new teaching and learning technologies begin to challenge the boundaries between time and place, distance and elearning are becoming mainstream approaches to increase access and improve quality in post-secondary education. Educators and educational managers are being challenged by the need to manage technology integration within institutions and within education systems. In 2007, the Government of Botswana established a new technical college with the specific mandate to expand technical and vocational education and training (TVET) provision by introducing distance and elearning programme delivery. This thesis reports on the findings of a case study undertaken during the first two years of the life of the college. The study aimed to identify the organisational structures and change processes needed for the successful implementation of distance and elearning and to discover how these structures and processes can be best managed. The field work was carried out within an interpretive paradigm in a longitudinal case study over 30 months. The approach was ethnographic and the data collection methods included documentary analysis and participant observation. Focussed interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of key respondents in order to further explore observations. Different theoretical and practical models of technology integration were investigated and the MIT 90s model was considered to be the most applicable and pragmatic. Theories of organisational change were researched to help understand the process. Lewin’s seminal work on field theory, group dynamics and the 3-step change model with the notion of driving and restraining forces on change gave a framework against which to analyse the process of change. The findings detail a change process which features a lack of preparation, perceived lack of management commitment by staff and poor timing in a top down approach to introducing distance and flexible learning. The findings show how an external group of change agents working as technical experts within clearly defined policy objectives and facilitating extensive staff development, were an insufficient driving force for change against the restraining forces of a bureaucratic organisational culture, strong mental models of traditional teaching and perceived lack of leadership. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)

As new teaching and learning technologies begin to challenge the boundaries between time and place, distance and elearning are becoming mainstream approaches to increase access and improve quality in post-secondary education. Educators and educational managers are being challenged by the need to manage technology integration within institutions and within education systems. In 2007, the Government of Botswana established a new technical college with the specific mandate to expand technical and vocational education and training (TVET) provision by introducing distance and elearning programme delivery. This thesis reports on the findings of a case study undertaken during the first two years of the life of the college. The study aimed to identify the organisational structures and change processes needed for the successful implementation of distance and elearning and to discover how these structures and processes can be best managed. The field work was carried out within an interpretive paradigm in a longitudinal case study over 30 months. The approach was ethnographic and the data collection methods included documentary analysis and participant observation. Focussed interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of key respondents in order to further explore observations. Different theoretical and practical models of technology integration were investigated and the MIT 90s model was considered to be the most applicable and pragmatic. Theories of organisational change were researched to help understand the process. Lewin’s seminal work on field theory, group dynamics and the 3-step change model with the notion of driving and restraining forces on change gave a framework against which to analyse the process of change. The findings detail a change process which features a lack of preparation, perceived lack of management commitment by staff and poor timing in a top down approach to introducing distance and flexible learning. The findings show how an external group of change agents working as technical experts within clearly defined policy objectives and facilitating extensive staff development, were an insufficient driving force for change against the restraining forces of a bureaucratic organisational culture, strong mental models of traditional teaching and perceived lack of leadership. / Sociology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)

This study examines the construction of crime reality by The Voice and The Midweek Sun newspapers by means of a content analysis and involved the exploration of violent crime news reporting, measured against police statistics. The two publications, The Midweek Sun, and The Voice newspapers, were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed to identify the types of violent crimes reported and to determine any differences they may have compared to the Botswana Police crime records, between themselves, and on how they framed or depicted violent crimes. The results were collected using a coding sheet, new story analysis form and analysed against official police records to determine any inconsistencies that may have existed between the crimes covered by two newspapers and police statistics. The qualitative analysis involved a coding sheet to identify lexical features and rhetorical devices in the headlines. The lexical units included compound words and fuzzy words. The rhetorical elements scrutinised included metaphors, alliteration, rhyme, puns, and idioms. The research analysed the news headlines. The study will assist in shedding light on the accuracy of crime news reporting, levels of sensationalism, overreporting or underreporting of violent crimes. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication)